{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T13:50:52Z","timestamp":1761918652781},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,11,1]],"date-time":"1989-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":625881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Doc Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf00155090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T02:57:18Z","timestamp":1099277838000},"page":"209-224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Visual function in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Ashworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"Aspinall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. D.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"CR1","unstructured":"Perkin GD, Rose FC. Optic neuritis and its differential diagnosis. Oxford University Press, 1979."},{"key":"CR2","first-page":"234","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical neurology; Multiple Sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases","author":"CE. Lumsden","year":"1970","unstructured":"Lumsden CE. The neuropathology of multiple sclerosis. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW, eds. Handbook of clinical neurology; Multiple Sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1970; 9: 234?7; 305?8."},{"key":"CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3109\/01658108309009732","volume":"3","author":"J Ulrich","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ulrich J, Groebke-Lorenz W. The optic nerve in multiple sclerosis. A morphological study with retrospective clinico-pathological correlations. Neuro-ophthal 1983; 3: 149?59.","journal-title":"Neuro-ophthal"},{"key":"CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(70)90123-9","volume":"10","author":"PR Kinnear","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kinnear PR. Proposals for scoring and assessing the 100 hue test. Vision Res 1970; 10: 423?33.","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"CR5","first-page":"427","volume":"183","author":"G Verriest","year":"1979","unstructured":"Verriest G, Aspinall P, Hill A. The lightness discrimination test. Bull Belg Soc Ophth 1979; 183: 427?46.","journal-title":"Bull Belg Soc Ophth"},{"key":"CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.42.5.407","volume":"42","author":"RL Zimmern","year":"1979","unstructured":"Zimmern RL, Campbell FW, Wilkinson IMS. Subtle disturbances of vision after optic neuritis elicited by studying contrast sensitivity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1979; 42: 402?12.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat"},{"key":"CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6498.782","volume":"291","author":"BW Fleck","year":"1985","unstructured":"Fleck BW, Bell AL, Mitchell JD, Thomson BJ, Hurst NP, Nuki G. Screening for antimalarial maculopathy in rheumatology clinics. Br med J 1985; 291: 782?5.","journal-title":"Br med J"},{"key":"CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410130302","volume":"13","author":"CM Poser","year":"1983","unstructured":"Poser CM, Paty DW, Scheinberg L, McDonald WI, Davis FA, Ebers GC, Johnson KP, Sibley WA, Silberg DH, Tourtellotte WW. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis; guidelines for research protocols. Ann Neurol 1983; 13: 227?31.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5893.661","volume":"4","author":"AM Halliday","year":"1973","unstructured":"Halliday AM, McDonald WI, Mushin J. Visual evoked response in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Br med J 1973; 4: 661?4.","journal-title":"Br med J"},{"key":"CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/98.2.261","volume":"98","author":"P Asselman","year":"1975","unstructured":"Asselman P, Chadwick DW, Marsden CD. Visual evoked responses in the diagnosis and management of patients suspected of multiple sclerosis. Brain 1975; 98: 261?82.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.40.10.1009","volume":"40","author":"WB Matthews","year":"1977","unstructured":"Matthews WB, Small DG, Small M, Pountney E. Pattern reversal evoked visual potential in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1977; 40: 1009?14.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat"},{"key":"CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.8.1015","volume":"33","author":"MJ Kupersmith","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kupersmith MJ, Nelson JI, Seiple WH, Carr RE, Weiss PA. The 20\/20 eye in multiple sclerosis. Neurol 1983; 33: 1015?20.","journal-title":"Neurol"},{"key":"CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1984.04050140096034","volume":"41","author":"D Neima","year":"1984","unstructured":"Neima D, Regan D. Pattern visual evoked potentials and spatial vision in retrobulbar neuritis and multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1984; 41: 198?201.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.10.1461","volume":"35","author":"M Oishi","year":"1985","unstructured":"Oishi M, Yamada T, Dickins QS, Kimura J. Visual evoked potentials by different check sizes in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1985; 35: 1461?5.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/105.4.735","volume":"105","author":"D Regan","year":"1982","unstructured":"Regan D, Bartol S, Murray TJ, Beverley KI. Spatial frequency discrimination in normal vision and in patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain 1982; 105: 735?54.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.7.840","volume":"50","author":"S Della Sala","year":"1987","unstructured":"Della Sala S, Comi G, Martinelli V, Somazzi L, Wilkins AJ. The rapid assessment of visual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1987; 50: 840?6.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat"},{"key":"CR17","first-page":"324","volume":"19","author":"D Regan","year":"1980","unstructured":"Regan D, Whitlock JA, Murray TJ, Beverley KI. Orientation-specific losses of contrast sensitivity in multiple sclerosis. Invest Ophthal Vis Sci 1980; 19: 324?8.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthal Vis Sci"},{"key":"CR18","first-page":"632","volume":"25","author":"MJ Kupersmith","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kupersmith MJ, Seiple WH, Nelson JI, Carr RE. Selectivity by eye, orientation, and spatial frequency measured with the evoked potential. Invest Ophthal Vis Sci 1984; 25: 632?9.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthal Vis Sci"},{"key":"CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.53.000185","volume":"3","author":"G Verriest","year":"1963","unstructured":"Verriest G. Further studies on acquired deficiency of color discrimination. J Opt Soc Am 1963; 3: 185?95.","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am"},{"key":"CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/109.1.1","volume":"109","author":"KT Mullen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mullen KT, Plant GT. Colour and luminance vision in human optic neuritis. Brain 1986; 109: 1?13.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"CR21","first-page":"1","volume":"25","author":"L Fallowfield","year":"1984","unstructured":"Fallowfield L, Krauskopf J. Selective loss of chromatic sensitivity in demyelinating disease. Invest Ophthal Vis Sci 1984; 25: 1?13.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthal Vis Sci"},{"key":"CR22","unstructured":"Aspinall PA. Some methodological problems in testing visual function. In Verriest G ed. Modern problems in neurology; colour vision deficiencies 2. 1973; 13: 2?7."},{"key":"CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76811-4","volume":"86","author":"JF Griffin","year":"1978","unstructured":"Griffin JF, Wray SH. Acquired color vision defects in retrobulbar neuritis. Am J Ophthalmol 1978; 86: 193?201.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3109\/01658108309009733","volume":"3","author":"A Pinckers","year":"1983","unstructured":"Pinckers A, Hardus P, Nabbe B. Comparison of visual evoked cortical potentials and colour vision in presumed demyelinating disease. Neuro-ophth 1983; 3: 161?5.","journal-title":"Neuro-ophth"},{"key":"CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100026615","volume":"14","author":"AC Harrison","year":"1987","unstructured":"Harrison AC, Becker WJ, Stell WK. Colour vision abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. Can J Neurol Sci 1987; 14: 279?85.","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01886624","volume":"49","author":"EC Campos","year":"1980","unstructured":"Campos EC, Enoch JM, Fitzgerald CR, Benedetto MD. A simple psychophysical technique provides early diagnosis in multiple sclerosis. Doc. Ophthalmol 1980; 49: 325?35.","journal-title":"Doc. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1985.01050010043015","volume":"103","author":"AA Sadun","year":"1985","unstructured":"Sadun AA, Lessell S. Brightness sense in optic nerve disease. Arch Ophthalmol 1985; 103: 39?43.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(87)33349-4","volume":"94","author":"JA Fleishman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fleishman JA, Beck RW, Linares OA, Klein JW. Deficits in visual function after resolution of optic neuritis. Ophthalmol 1987; 94: 1029?35.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol"},{"key":"CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3109\/01658108808996050","volume":"8","author":"DS Preston","year":"1988","unstructured":"Preston DS, Bernstein L, Sadun A. Office techniques for detecting optic neuropathies; Brightness sense compared to traditional screening tests. Neuro-ophth 1988; 8: 245?50.","journal-title":"Neuro-ophth"},{"key":"CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.70.12.918","volume":"70","author":"EACM Sanders","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sanders EACM, Volkers ACW, Van der Poel JC, Van Lith GHM. Estimation of visual function after optic neuritis; a comparison of clinical tests. Br J Ophthalmol 1986; 70: 918?24.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.71.8.602","volume":"71","author":"EACM Sanders","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sanders EACM, Volkers ACW, Van der Poel JC, Van Lath GHM. Visual function and pattern evoked response in optic neuritis. Br J Ophthalmol 1987; 71: 602?8.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3109\/01658108709007433","volume":"7","author":"B Ashworth","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ashworth B. Chronic demyelinating optic neuritis; a reappraisal. Neuro-ophth 1987; 7: 75?9.","journal-title":"Neuro-ophth"},{"key":"CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/104.2.333","volume":"104","author":"D Regan","year":"1981","unstructured":"Regan D, Raymond J, Ginsburg AP, Murray TJ. Contrast sensitivity, visual acuity, and the discrimination of Snellen letters in multiple sclerosis. Brain 1981; 104: 333?50.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.46.11.1023","volume":"46","author":"RF Hess","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hess RF. Contrast vision and optic neuritis; neural blurring. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1983; 46: 1023?30.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat"},{"key":"CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.68.10.756","volume":"68","author":"RW Beck","year":"1984","unstructured":"Beck RW, Ruchman MC, Savino PJ, Schatz NJ. Contrast sensitivity measurements in acute and resolved optic neuritis. Br J Ophthalmol 1984; 68: 756?9.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1159\/000309813","volume":"195","author":"J-P Nordmann","year":"1984","unstructured":"Nordmann J-P, Saraux H, Roullet E. Contrast sensitivity in multiple sclerosis -a study in 35 patients with and without optic neuritis. Ophthalmol Basel 1984; 195: 199?204.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Basel"}],"container-title":["Documenta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00155090.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00155090\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00155090","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T07:24:19Z","timestamp":1554276259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF00155090"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]}},"alternative-id":["BF00155090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00155090","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-4486","1573-2622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-4486","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2622","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]}}}