{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T13:51:40Z","timestamp":1758635500162},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,9,1]],"date-time":"1993-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":746841600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Brain Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf00230440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,7]],"date-time":"2004-09-07T04:26:45Z","timestamp":1094531205000},"page":"77-82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Types and time course of the alterations induced in monkey blink movements by botulinum toxin"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"J. D.","family":"Porter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. S.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. W.","family":"Stava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. B.","family":"Gaddie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. K.","family":"Brueckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"BF00230440_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(90)90109-H","volume":"37","author":"D Angaut-Petit","year":"1990","unstructured":"Angaut-Petit D, Molg\u00f3 J, Comella JX, Faille L, Tabti N (1990) Terminal sprouting in mouse neuromuscular junctions poisoned with botulinum type A toxin: morphological and electrophysiological features. Neuroscience 37:799\u2013808","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(75)90075-9","volume":"24","author":"AT Bahill","year":"1975","unstructured":"Bahill AT, Clark MR, Stark L (1975) The main sequence, a tool for studying human eye movements. Math Biosci 24:191\u2013204","journal-title":"Math Biosci"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1988.60.4.1227","volume":"60","author":"W Becker","year":"1988","unstructured":"Becker W, Fuchs AF (1988) Lid-eye coordination during vertical gaze changes in man and monkey. J Neurophysiol 60:1227\u20131252","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/108.3.593","volume":"108","author":"A Berardelli","year":"1985","unstructured":"Berardelli A, Rothwell JC, Day BL, Marsden CD (1985) Pathophysiology of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia. Brain 108:593\u2013608","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410020114","volume":"2","author":"M Bratzlavsky","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bratzlavsky M, van der Eecken H (1977) Altered synaptic organization in facial nucleus following facial nerve regeneration: an electrophysiological study in man. Ann Neurol 2:71\u201373","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012307","volume":"278","author":"MC Brown","year":"1978","unstructured":"Brown MC, Ironton R (1978) Sprouting and regression of neuromuscular synapses in partially denervated mammalian muscles. J Physiol (Lond) 278:325\u2013348","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.33.1.40","volume":"33","author":"LW Duchen","year":"1970","unstructured":"Duchen LW (1970) Changes in motor innervation and cholinesterase localization induced by botulinum toxin in skeletal muscle of the mouse: differences between fast and slow muscles. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 33:40\u201354","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00247600","volume":"70","author":"C Evinger","year":"1988","unstructured":"Evinger C, Manning KA (1988) A model system for motor learning: adaptive gain control of the blink reflex. Exp Brain Res 70:527\u2013538","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1984.52.2.323","volume":"52","author":"C Evinger","year":"1984","unstructured":"Evinger C, Shaw MD, Peck CK, Manning KA, Baker R (1984) Blinking and associated eye movements in humans, guinea pigs, and rabbits. J Neurophysiol 52:323\u2013339","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1989.tb42192.x","volume":"563","author":"C Evinger","year":"1989","unstructured":"Evinger C, Pellegrini JJ, Manning KA (1989) Adaptive gain modification of the blink reflex: a model system for investigating the physiologic bases of motor learning. Ann NY Acad Sci 563:87\u2013100","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR11","first-page":"387","volume":"32","author":"C Evinger","year":"1991","unstructured":"Evinger C, Manning KA, Sibony PA (1991) Eyelid movements: mechanisms and normal data. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32:387\u2013400","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)77025-4","volume":"110","author":"BR Frueh","year":"1990","unstructured":"Frueh BR, Preston RA, Musch DC (1990) Facial nerve injury and hemifacial spasm. Am J Ophthalmol 110:421\u2013423","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1966.21.3.1068","volume":"21","author":"AF Fuchs","year":"1966","unstructured":"Fuchs AF, Robinson DA (1966) A method for measuring horizontal and vertical eye movement chronically in the monkey. J Appl Physiol 21:1068\u20131070","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1992.68.1.233","volume":"68","author":"AF Fuchs","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fuchs AF, Becker W, Ling L, Langer TP, Kaneko CRS (1992) Discharge patterns of levator palpebrae superioris motoneurons during vertical lid and eye movements in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 68:233\u2013243","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.35.6.339","volume":"35","author":"G Gordon","year":"1951","unstructured":"Gordon G (1951) Observations upon the movements of the eyelids. Br J Ophthalmol 35:339\u2013351","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR16","first-page":"3298","volume":"32","author":"D Guitton","year":"1991","unstructured":"Guitton D, Simard R, Cod\u00e8re F (1991) Upper eyelid movements measured with a search coil during blinks and vertical saccades. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32:3298\u20133305","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080030095046","volume":"109","author":"CP Harris","year":"1991","unstructured":"Harris CP, Alderson K, Nebeker J, Holds JB, Anderson RL (1991) Histologic features of human orbicularis oculi treated with botulinum A toxin. Arch Ophthalmol 109:393\u2013395","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1963.sp007098","volume":"166","author":"DW Kennard","year":"1963","unstructured":"Kennard DW, Smyth GL (1963) The causes of downward eyelid movement with changes of gaze, and a study of the physical factors concerned. J Physiol (Lond) 166:178\u2013190","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/75.3.385","volume":"76","author":"E Kugelberg","year":"1952","unstructured":"Kugelberg E (1952) Facial reflexes. Brain 76:385\u2013396","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280509","volume":"28","author":"KA Manning","year":"1990","unstructured":"Manning KA, Evinger C, Sibony PA (1990) Eyelid movements before and after botulinum therapy in patients with lid spasm. Ann Neurol 28:653\u2013660","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(91)90025-3","volume":"101","author":"AR Moller","year":"1991","unstructured":"Moller AR (1991) Interaction between the blink reflex and the abnormal muscle response in patients with hemifacial spasm: results of intraoperative recordings. J Neurol Sci 101:114\u2013123","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(92)90161-D","volume":"109","author":"W Nacimiento","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nacimiento W, Podoll K, Graeber MB, T\u00f6pper R, M\u00f6bius E, Ostermann H, Noth J, Kreutzberg GW (1992) Contralateral early blink reflex in patients with facial nerve palsy: indication for synaptic reorganization in the facial nucleus during regeneration. J Neurol Sci 109:148\u2013155","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902870106","volume":"287","author":"JD Porter","year":"1989","unstructured":"Porter JD, Burns LA, May PJ (1989) Morphological substrate for eyelid movements: innervation and structure of primate levator palpebrae superioris and orbicularis oculi muscles. J Comp Neurol 287:64\u201381","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080030098047","volume":"109","author":"JD Porter","year":"1991","unstructured":"Porter JD, Strebeck S, Capra NF (1991) Botulinum-induced changes in monkey eyelid muscle: comparison with changes seen in extraocular muscle. Arch Ophthalmol 109:396\u2013404","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90869-O","volume":"609","author":"JD Porter","year":"1993","unstructured":"Porter JD, Stava MW, Gaddie IB, Baker RS (1993) Quantitative analysis of eyelid movement metrics reveals the highly stereotyped nature of monkey blinks. Brain Res 609:159\u2013166","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.56.1.80-99.1992","volume":"56","author":"EJ Schantz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schantz EJ, Johnson EA (1992) Properties and use of botulinum toxin and other microbial neurotoxins in medicine. Microbiol Rev 56:80\u201399","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR27","first-page":"1555","volume":"109","author":"PA Sibony","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sibony PA, Evinger C, Manning KA (1991) Eyelid movements in facial paralysis. Arch Neurol 109:1555\u20131561","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488409132939","volume":"97","author":"L Thomander","year":"1984","unstructured":"Thomander L (1984) Reorganization of the facial motor nucleus after peripheral nerve regeneration. Acta Otolaryngol 97:619\u2013626","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"BF00230440_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.8.1061","volume":"39","author":"J Valls-Sole","year":"1989","unstructured":"Valls-Sole J, Tolosa ES (1989) Blink reflex excitability cycle in hemifacial spasm. Neurology 39:1061\u20131066","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Experimental Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00230440.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00230440\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00230440","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T03:29:14Z","timestamp":1585884554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF00230440"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,9]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,9]]}},"alternative-id":["BF00230440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00230440","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4819","1432-1106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4819","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1106","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,9]]}}}