{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T13:22:40Z","timestamp":1773148960370,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,1]],"date-time":"1985-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":486432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Orthopaedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf00267031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,29]],"date-time":"2004-09-29T00:33:43Z","timestamp":1096418023000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Recent advances in the treatment of low back pain"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Nachemson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3109\/03093647809177777","volume":"2","author":"SA Ahlgren","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ahlgren SA, Hansen T (1978) The use of lumbosacral corsets prescribed for low back pain. Prosthet Orthop Int 2: 101?104","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthop Int"},{"key":"CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(78)90037-4","volume":"5","author":"BG Almay","year":"1978","unstructured":"Almay BG, Foke J, von Knorring L, Terenius L, Wahlstr\u00f6m A (1978) Endorphins in chronic pain. I. Differences in CSF endorphin levels between organic and psychogenic pain syndrome. Pain 5: 153?162","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198101000-00013","volume":"6","author":"GBJ Andersson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Andersson GBJ (1981) Epidemiologic aspects on low back pain in industry. Spine 6: 53?60","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR4","first-page":"57","volume-title":"The lumbar spine and back pain","author":"JAD Andersson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Andersson JAD (1980) Back pain and occupation. In: Jayson M (ed) The lumbar spine and back pain. Pitman medical, London, pp 57?82"},{"key":"CR5","first-page":"4","volume":"115","author":"CC Arnoldi","year":"1976","unstructured":"Arnoldi CC, Brodsky AE, Cauchoix J, Crock HV, Dommisse GF, Edgar MA, Gargano FP, Jacobsson RE, Kirkaldy-Willis WH, Kurihara A, Langenski\u00f6ld A, Macnab I, McIvor GWD, Newman PH, Paine KWE, Russin LA, Sheldon J, Tile M, Urist MR, Wilson WE, Wiltse LL (1976) Lumbar spinal stenosis and nerve root entrapment syndromes. Definition and classification. Clin Orthop 115: 4?5","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR6","first-page":"233","volume":"20","author":"RR Baratta","year":"1976","unstructured":"Baratta RR (1976) A double-blind comparative study of carisoprodol, propoxyphene, and placebo in the management of low back syndrome. Curr Ther Res 20: 233?240","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res"},{"key":"CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198401000-00012","volume":"9-1","author":"G Bell","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bell G, Rothman R (1984) The conservative treatment of sciatica. Spine 9-1: 54?56","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198409000-00004","volume":"9","author":"GR Bell","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bell GR, Rothman RH, Booth RE, Cuckler JM, Garfin S, Herkowits H, Simeone FA, Dolinskas C, Han SS (1984) A study of computer-assisted tomography. II. Comparison of metrizamide myelography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of herniated lumbar disc and spinal stenosis. Spine 9: 552?556","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/14.3.121","volume":"14","author":"RT Benn","year":"1975","unstructured":"Benn RT, Wood PHN (1975) Pain in the back; An attempt to estimate the size of the problem. Rheumatol Rehabil 14: 121?128","journal-title":"Rheumatol Rehabil"},{"key":"CR10","unstructured":"Bergquist-Ullman M, Larsson U (1977) Acute low back pain in industry. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 170"},{"key":"CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197711000-00010","volume":"129","author":"M Berkson","year":"1977","unstructured":"Berkson M, Schultz A, Nachemson A, Andersson GBJ (1977) Voluntary strengths of male adults with acute low back syndrome. Clin Orthop 129: 84?95","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198403000-00002","volume":"9","author":"F Biering-S\u00f6rensen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Biering-S\u00f6rensen F (1984) Physical measurements as risk indicators for low-back trouble over a one-year period. Spine 9: 106?119","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198207000-00001","volume":"170","author":"D Blumer","year":"1982","unstructured":"Blumer D, Heilbronn M (1982) Chronic back pain as a variant of depressive disease: The pain prone disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 170: 381?406","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"CR14","first-page":"15","volume":"9-1","author":"K Bose","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bose K, Balasubraminiam P (1984) Nerve root canals of the lumbar spine. Spine 9-1: 15?18","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1177\/028418516300100603","volume":"1","author":"A Breig","year":"1963","unstructured":"Breig A, Marions O (1963) Biomechanics of the lumbosacral nerve roots. Acta Radiol Diagn 1: 1141?1160","journal-title":"Acta Radiol Diagn"},{"key":"CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197907000-00004","volume":"4","author":"CV Burton","year":"1979","unstructured":"Burton CV, Heithoff KB, Kirkaldy-Willis W, Ray CD (1979) Computed tomographic scanning and the lumbar spine. Part II: Clinical considerations. Spine 4: 356?368","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR17","first-page":"269","volume":"21","author":"LD Cady","year":"1979","unstructured":"Cady LD, Bischoff DP, O'Connel ER, Thomas PC, Allan JH (1979) Strength fitness and subsequent back injuries in firefighters. J Occup Med 21: 269?272","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198401000-00020","volume":"9","author":"D Cairns","year":"1984","unstructured":"Cairns D, Mooney V, Crane P (1984) Spinal pain rehabilitation: Inpatient and outpatient treatment results and development of predictors for outcome. Spine 9: 91?95","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(82)90098-7","volume":"14","author":"R Catchlove","year":"1982","unstructured":"Catchlove R, Cohen K (1982) Effects of directive return to work approach in the treatment of workman's compensation patients with chronic pain. Pain 14: 181?191","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"CR20","first-page":"122","volume":"115","author":"J Cauchoix","year":"1976","unstructured":"Cauchoix J, Benoist M, Chassaing V (1976) Degenerative spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop 115: 122?129","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR21","first-page":"31","volume":"2","author":"DB Chaffin","year":"1979","unstructured":"Chaffin DB (1979) Manual materials handling. J Environ Pathol Toxicol 2: 31?66","journal-title":"J Environ Pathol Toxicol"},{"key":"CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(81)90319-2","volume":"28","author":"EWD Colt","year":"1981","unstructured":"Colt EWD, Wardlaw SL, Frantz AG (1981) The effect of running on plasma ?-endorphin. Life Sci 28: 1637?1640","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198403000-00010","volume":"9","author":"C Crawshaw","year":"1984","unstructured":"Crawshaw C, Frazer AM, Merriam WF, Mulholland RC, Webb JK (1984) A comparison of surgery and chemonucleolysis in the treatment of sciatica. A prospective randomized trial. Spine 9: 195?198","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR24","first-page":"109","volume":"115","author":"HV Crock","year":"1976","unstructured":"Crock HV (1976) Isolated lumbar disk resorption as a cause of nerve root canal stenosis. Clin Orthop 115: 109?115","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR25","volume-title":"Tissue nutrition and viability","author":"LB Dahlin","year":"1984","unstructured":"Dahlin LB, Rydevik B, Lundborg G (1984) Pathophysiology of nerve entrapments and nerve compression injuries. In: Hargens AR, (ed) Tissue nutrition and viability. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (In press)"},{"key":"CR26","first-page":"129","volume":"117","author":"IS Davis","year":"1976","unstructured":"Davis IS, Bailey RW (1976) Spondylolisthesis. Indications for lumbar nerve root decompression and operative technique. Clin Orthop 117: 129?134","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5867.635","volume":"2","author":"TFW Dilke","year":"1973","unstructured":"Dilke TFW, Burry HC and Grahame R (1973) Extradural corticosteroid injection in the management of lumbar nerve root compression. Br Med J 2: 635?637","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"CR28","unstructured":"Disability insurance program. Public hearings before the subcommittee on social security of the Committee on Ways and Means. House of Representatives, Ninety-fourth Congress, Second Session, May 17, 21: June 4, 11, 1976. Washington DC US Government Printing Office, 1976"},{"key":"CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5964.161","volume":"2","author":"ML Doran","year":"1975","unstructured":"Doran ML, Newell DJ (1975) Manipulation in treatment of low back pain: A multicentre study. Br Med J 2: 161?170","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"CR30","first-page":"252","volume":"171","author":"A Ejeskar","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ejeskar A, Nachemson A, Herberts P, Lysell E, Andersson G, Irstam L, Peterson L-E (1982) Surgery versus chemonucleolysis for herniated lumbar discs. Clin Orthop 171: 252?259","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.41.4.0449","volume":"41","author":"JA Epstein","year":"1974","unstructured":"Epstein JA, Epstein B, Levine LS (1974) Surgical treatment of nerve root compression caused by scoliosis of the lumbar spine. J Neurosurg 41: 449?454","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198111000-00011","volume":"6","author":"JCT Fairbank","year":"1981","unstructured":"Fairbank JCT, Park WM, McCall IW, O'Brien JP (1981) Apophyseal injection of local anesthetic as a diagnostic aid in primary low back syndromes. Spine 6: 598?605","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR33","first-page":"198","volume":"160","author":"HF Farfan","year":"1981","unstructured":"Farfan HF, Kirkaldy-Willis WH (1981) Present status of spinal fusion in the treatment of lumbar joint disorders. Clin Orthop 160: 198?214","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR34","first-page":"639","volume":"63-B","author":"D Finlay","year":"1981","unstructured":"Finlay D, Stockdale H (1981) Ultrasonic quantification of the lumbar spine: Some critical comments. J Bone Joint Surg 63-B: 639","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961070-00018","volume":"61-A","author":"WJ Finnegan","year":"1979","unstructured":"Finnegan WJ, Fenlin JM, Marvel JP, Nardini RJ, Rothmann RH (1979) Results of surgical intervention in the symptomatic multiply-operated back patient. J Bone Joint Surg 61-A: 1077?1082","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961080-00002","volume":"61-A","author":"JC Flynn","year":"1979","unstructured":"Flynn JC, Hoque MPA (1979) Anterior fusion of the lumbar spine. End result study with long-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg 61-A: 1143?1161","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01953837","volume":"36","author":"F Fraioli","year":"1980","unstructured":"Fraioli F, Moretti C, Paolucci D, Alicicco E, Crescenzi F, Fortunio G (1980) Physical exercise stimulates marked concomintant release of ?-endorphin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in peripheral blood in man. Experientia 36: 987?989","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198211000-00016","volume":"7","author":"RD Fraser","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fraser RD (1982) Chymopapain for the treatment of intervertebral disc herniation. Spine 7: 608?612","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197803000-00001","volume":"3","author":"JW Frymoyer","year":"1978","unstructured":"Frymoyer JW, Hanley E, Howe J, Kuhlmann D, Matteri R (1978) Disc excision and spine fusion in the management of lumbar disc disease. A minimum ten-year follow-up. Spine 3: 1?6","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198009000-00005","volume":"5","author":"JW Frymoyer","year":"1980","unstructured":"Frymoyer JW, Pope MH, Costanza MC, Rosen JC, Goggin JE, Wilder DG (1980) Epidemiologic studies of low back pain. Spine 5: 419?423","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR41","first-page":"108","volume":"62-A","author":"HK Genant","year":"1980","unstructured":"Genant HK, Wilson JS, Bovill EG, Brunelle FO, Murray WR, Rodrigo JJ (1980) Tomography, computed, of the musculoskeletal system. J Bone Joint Surg 62-A: 108?112","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198401000-00009","volume":"9","author":"S Haldeman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Haldeman S (1984) The electrodiagnostic evaluation of nerve root function. Spine 9: 42?48","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198103000-00007","volume":"6","author":"T Hansson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hansson T, Roos B (1981) The relation between bone mineral content, experimental compression fractures, and disc degeneration in lumbar vertebrae. Spine 6: 147?153","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198107000-00008","volume":"6","author":"T Hansson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hansson T, Roos B (1981) Microcalluses of the trabeculae in lumbar vertebrae and their relation to the bone mineral content. Spine 6: 375?380","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198001000-00009","volume":"5","author":"T Hansson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hansson T, Roos B, Nachemson A (1980) The bone mineral content and ultimate compressive strength of lumbar vertebrae. Spine 5: 46?55","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansson T, Sandstr\u00f6m J, Roos B, Jonson R, Andersson GBJ (1985) The bone mineral content of the lumbar spine in patients with chronic low back pain. (Accepted for publication, Spine)","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198503000-00010"},{"key":"CR47","first-page":"7","volume":"117","author":"TH Hindle","year":"1972","unstructured":"Hindle TH (1972) Comparison of carisoprodol, butabarbital, and placebo in treatment of the low back syndrome. Calif Med 117: 7?11","journal-title":"Calif Med"},{"key":"CR48","first-page":"189","volume":"29","author":"C Hirsch","year":"1963","unstructured":"Hirsch C, Nachemson A (1963) The reliability of lumbar disk surgery. Clin Orthop 29: 189?195","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1981.03310430027015","volume":"245","author":"FK Hoehler","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hoehler FK, Tobis JS, Buerger AA (1981) Spinal manipulation for low back pain. JAMA 245: 1835?1838","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"CR50","first-page":"296","volume":"170","author":"S Holm","year":"1982","unstructured":"Holm S, Maroudas A, Urban JPG, Selstam G, Nachemson A (1982) Nutrition of the intervertebral disc: Effect of fluid flow on solute transport. Clin Orthop 170: 296?302","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198209000-00036","volume":"169","author":"S Holm","year":"1982","unstructured":"Holm S, Nachemson A (1982) Nutritional changes in the canine intervertebral disc after spinal fusion. Clin Orthop 169: 243?258","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198311000-00009","volume":"8","author":"S Holm","year":"1983","unstructured":"Holm S, Nachemson A (1983) Variations in the nutrition of canine intervertebral disc induced by motion. Spine 8: 866?874","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR53","first-page":"406","volume":"3","author":"S Holm","year":"1984","unstructured":"Holm S, Nachemson A (1984) Nutrition of the intervertribel disc: acute effects of cigarette smoking. An experimental animal study. Int J Micro 3: 406","journal-title":"Int J Micro"},{"key":"CR54","unstructured":"Horal J (1969) The clinical appearance of low back pain disorders in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. Thesis. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 118"},{"key":"CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Irstam L (1974) Adverse effects of water-soluble contrast media in lumbar myelography. Thesis, University of Gothenburg","DOI":"10.1177\/028418517301400603"},{"key":"CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197803000-00014","volume":"3","author":"L Irstam","year":"1978","unstructured":"Irstam L (1978) Lumbar myelography with amipaque. Spine 3: 70?82","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(80)90028-7","volume":"9","author":"F Johansson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Johansson F, Almay BGL, von Knorring L, Terenius L (1980) Preditors for the outcome of treatment with high frequency transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in patients with chronic pain. Pain 9: 55?61","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"CR58","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Symposium on Idiopathic low back pain","author":"J Jokl","year":"1982","unstructured":"Jokl J (1982) Muscle and low back pain. IN: White AA, Gordon SL (eds) Symposium on Idiopathic low back pain. CV Mosby, St Louis, pp 9?22"},{"key":"CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00e4rvinen M (1976) Healing of a crush injury in rat striated muscle. With special reference to treatment by early mobilization or immobilization (Thesis). Turku, Finland","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1976.tb00114.x"},{"key":"CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.63B4.7298673","volume":"63-B","author":"R Kadzioka","year":"1981","unstructured":"Kadzioka R, Asztely M, Hanai K, Hansson T, Nachemson A (1981) Ultrasonic measurement of the lumbar spinal canal. The origin and precision of the recorded ehcoes. J Bone Joint Surg 63-B: 504?507","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198409000-00012","volume":"9","author":"J Kelsey","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kelsey J, Githens PB, O'Conner T, Weil U, Calogero JA, Holford TR, White A III, Walter SD, Ostfeld AM, Soutwich WO (1984) Acute prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc: An epidemiologic study with special reference to driving automobiles and cigarette smoking. Spine 9: 608?613","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100020110","volume":"2","author":"JL Kelsey","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kelsey, JL, Githens PB, White AA III, Holford TR, Walter SD, O'Connor T, Ostfeld AM, Weil U, Southwick WO Calogero JA (1984) An epidemiologic study of lifting and twisting on the job and risk for acute prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc. J Orthop Res 2: 61?67","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"CR63","volume-title":"Musculo-skeletal disorders: Their frequency of occurrence and their impact on the population of the United States","author":"JL Kelsey","year":"1978","unstructured":"Kelsey JL, Pastides H, Bisbee GE Jr, White AA (1978) Musculo-skeletal disorders: Their frequency of occurrence and their impact on the population of the United States. Prodist New York"},{"key":"CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198003000-00007","volume":"5","author":"JL Kelsey","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kelsey JL, White A III (1980) Epidemiology and impact of low-back pain. Spine 5: 133?142","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR65","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Ghronic back pain","author":"WM Keyserling","year":"1982","unstructured":"Keyserling WM (1982) Strength testing as a method of evaluating ability to perform strenous work. In: Stanton-Hicks M, Boas R (eds) Ghronic back pain. Raven Press, New York pp 149?155"},{"key":"CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198401000-00010","volume":"9","author":"WH Kirkaldy-Willis","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kirkaldy-Willis WH (1984) The relationship of structural pathology to the nerve root. Spine 9: 49?52","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198205000-00015","volume":"165","author":"WH Kirkaldy-Willis","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kirkaldy-Willis WH, Farfan H (1982) Instability of the lumbar spine. Clin Orthop 165: 110?123","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.56B3.545","volume":"56-B","author":"H LaRocca","year":"1974","unstructured":"LaRocca H, MacNab I (1974) The laminectomy membrane: Studies in its evolution, characteristics effects and prophylaxis in dogs. J Bone Joint Surg 56-B: 545?550","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198001000-00018","volume":"146","author":"F Leavitt","year":"1980","unstructured":"Leavitt F, Garron DC, Whisler WW, D'Angelo CM (1980) A comparison of patients treated by chymopapain and laminectomy for low back pain using a multidimensional pain scale. Clin Orthop 146: 136?143","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.63B1.7204478","volume":"63-B","author":"A Leyshon","year":"1981","unstructured":"Leyshon A, Kirwan E, Wynn Parry CB (1981) Electrical studies in the diagnosis of compression of the lumbar root. J Bone Joint Surg 63-B: 71?75","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2340\/165019771977197023742","volume":"2","author":"A Lidstr\u00f6m","year":"1970","unstructured":"Lidstr\u00f6m A, Zachrisson M (1970) Physical therapy on low back pain and sciatica. An attempt at evaluation. Scand J Rehabil Med 2: 37?42","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"CR72","volume-title":"Auto-traction, treatment of low back pain and sciatica","author":"GAM Lind","year":"1974","unstructured":"Lind GAM (1974) Auto-traction, treatment of low back pain and sciatica. Thesis. University of Link\u00f6ping, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"key":"CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198303000-00002","volume":"8","author":"M Lorenz","year":"1983","unstructured":"Lorenz M, Patwardhan A, Vanderby R Jr (1983) Loard-Bearing characteristics of lumbar facets in normal and surgically altered spinal segments. Spine 8: 122?130","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153040-00005","volume":"53-A","author":"I MacNab","year":"1971","unstructured":"MacNab I (1971) The traction spur. An indicator of segmental instability. J Bone Joint Surg 53-A: 663?670","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"CR75","first-page":"398","volume":"38","author":"A Magora","year":"1969","unstructured":"Magora A (1969) An investigation of the problem of sick-leave in the patient suffering from low back pain. Industr Med Surg 38: 398?408","journal-title":"Industr Med Surg"},{"key":"CR76","first-page":"186","volume":"5","author":"A Magora","year":"1973","unstructured":"Magora A (1973) Investigation of the relation between low back pain and occupation. 4. Physical requirements: Bending, rotation, reaching and sudden maximal efforts. Scand J Rehabil Med 5: 186?190","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"CR77","first-page":"47","volume":"12","author":"A Magora","year":"1980","unstructured":"Magora A, Schwartz A (1980) Relation between low back pain and x-ray changes. 4. Lysis and olisthesis. Scand J Rehabil Med 12: 47?52","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198001000-00017","volume":"146","author":"JA McCulloch","year":"1980","unstructured":"McCulloch JA (1980) Chemonucleolysis: Experience with 2000 cases. Clin Orthop 146: 128?135","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198011000-00008","volume":"5","author":"T McNeill","year":"1980","unstructured":"McNeill T, Warwich D, Andersson GBJ, Schultz A (1980) Trunk strengths in attempted flexion, extension and lateral bending in healthy subjects and patients with low-back disorders. Spine 5: 529?538","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198205000-00004","volume":"7","author":"R Millon","year":"1982","unstructured":"Millon R, Hall W, Haavik Nilsen K, Baker RD, Jayson MIV (1982) Assessment of the progress of the back pain patient. Spine 7: 204?212","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR81","first-page":"149","volume":"115","author":"V Mooney","year":"1976","unstructured":"Mooney V, Robertson J (1976) The facet syndrome. Clin Orthop 115: 149?156","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197711000-00005","volume":"129","author":"RW Murphy","year":"1977","unstructured":"Murphy RW (1977) Nerve roots and spinal nerves in degenerative disc disease. Clin Orthop 129: 46?56","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR83","unstructured":"NIOSH Technical Report: Work Practices guide for manual lifting. DHHS (NIOSH) Publ. No 81?122. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. March 1981"},{"key":"CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196600450-00014","volume":"45","author":"A Nachemson","year":"1966","unstructured":"Nachemson A (1966) The load on lumbar discs in different positions of the body. Clin Orthop 45: 107?122","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197603000-00009","volume":"1","author":"A Nachemson","year":"1976","unstructured":"Nachemson A (1976) The lumbar spine ? An orthopaedic challenge. Spine 1: 59?71","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR86","first-page":"143","volume":"11","author":"A Nachemson","year":"1979","unstructured":"Nachemson A (1979) A critical look at the treatment for low back pain. Scand J Rehabil Med 11: 143?147","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198101000-00020","volume":"6","author":"A Nachemson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Nachemson A (1981) Disc pressure measurements. Spine 6: 93?97","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR88","first-page":"296","volume-title":"Clinical Trends in Orthopaedics","author":"A Nachemson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Nachemson A (1982) Low back pain including biomechanics of the intervertebral joint complex. In: Straub R and Wilson P Jr (eds) Clinical Trends in Orthopaedics. Thieme-Stratton New York, pp 296?303"},{"key":"CR89","first-page":"46","volume-title":"Symposium on Idiopathic Low Back Pain","author":"A Nachemson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Nachemson A (1982) The natural course of low back pain. In: White AA, Gordon SL (eds): Symposium on Idiopathic Low Back Pain. CV Mosby, St. Louis pp 46?51"},{"key":"CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198310000-00012","volume":"179","author":"A Nachemson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Nachemson A (1983) Work for all. For those with low back pain as well. Clin Orthop 179: 77?85","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nachemson A (1984) Lumbar spine instability. A critical update and symposium summary. Spine (in press)","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198504000-00019"},{"key":"CR92","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"A Nachemson","year":"1970","unstructured":"Nachemson A and Elfstr\u00f6m G (1970) Intravital dynamic pressure measurements in lumbar discs. A study of common movements, manoeuvres and exercises. Scand J Rehabil Med Suppl 12: 1?40","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med Suppl"},{"key":"CR93","first-page":"139","volume":"9","author":"A Nachemson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Nachemson A, Schultz AB, Andersson GBJ (1983) Mechanical effectiveness studies of lumbar spine orthoses. Scand J Rehab Med Suppl 9: 139?149","journal-title":"Scand J Rehab Med Suppl"},{"key":"CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198305000-00002","volume":"4","author":"MM Panjabi","year":"1983","unstructured":"Panjabi MM, Takata K, Goel VK (1983) Kinematics of lumbar intervertebral foramen. Spine 8, 4: 348?357","journal-title":"Spine 8"},{"key":"CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.134.2.293","volume":"134","author":"L Penning","year":"1980","unstructured":"Penning L, Blickman JR (1980) Instability in lumbar spondylolisthesis: A radiologic study of several concepts. AJR 134: 293?301","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198204000-00017","volume":"164","author":"HC Pheasant","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pheasant HC, Dyck P (1982) Failed lumbar disc surgery: Cause, assessment, treatment. Clin Orthop 164: 93?109","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR97","first-page":"231","volume-title":"The lumber spine and back pain","author":"W Porter","year":"1980","unstructured":"Porter W (1980) Measurement of the spinal canal by diagnostic ultrasound. In: Jayson MIV (ed) The lumber spine and back pain, 2nd edn. Pitman Medical Limited, London, pp 231?245","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198405000-00017","volume":"9","author":"RW Porter","year":"1984","unstructured":"Porter RW, Hibbert C, Evans C (1984) The natural history of root entrapment syndrome. Spine 9: 418?421","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"374","key":"CR99","first-page":"389","volume":"7","author":"I Posner","year":"1982","unstructured":"Posner I, White AA, Edwards WT, Hayes WC (1982) A biomechanical analysis of the clinical stability of the lumbar and lumbosacral spine. Spine 7: 374: 389","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198207000-00001","volume":"57","author":"MM Puig","year":"1982","unstructured":"Puig MM, Laorden ML, Miralles FS, Olaso MJ (1982) Endorphin levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with postoperative and chronic pain. Anesthesiology 57: 1?4","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(76)80073-6","volume":"27","author":"PS Ramani","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ramani PS (1976) Variation in size of the bony lumbar canal in patients with prolapse of lumbar intervertebral discs. Clin Radiol 27: 301?307","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198303000-00005","volume":"8","author":"M Roland","year":"1983","unstructured":"Roland M, Morris R (1983) A study of the natural history of low back pain. Development of guidelines for trials of treatment in primary care. Spine 8: 145?150","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31223-2","volume":"6","author":"RH Rothman","year":"1975","unstructured":"Rothman RH, Booth R (1975) Failures of spinal fusion. Orthop Clin North Am 6: 299?304","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678208992199","volume":"53","author":"JM Rubak","year":"1982","unstructured":"Rubak JM, Poussa M, Ritsil\u00e4 V (1982) Effects of joint motion on the repair of articular cartilage with free periosteal grafts. Acta Orthop Scand 53: 187?191","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198401000-00004","volume":"9","author":"B Rydevik","year":"1984","unstructured":"Rydevik B, Brown M, Lundborg G (1984) Pathoanatomy and pathophysiology of nerve root compression. Spine 9, 1: 7?15","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR106","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Clinical Trends in Orthopaedics","author":"RB Salter","year":"1982","unstructured":"Salter RB (1982) Regeneration of articular cartilage through continuous passive motion-Past, present and future. In: Straub R, Wilson P Jr (eds): Clinical Trends in Orthopaedics. Thieme-Stratton, New York, pp 101?107"},{"key":"CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198264050-00008","volume":"64A","author":"A Schultz","year":"1982","unstructured":"Schultz A, Andersson GBJ, \u00d6rtengren R, Haderspeck K, Nachemson A (1982) Loads on the lumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surg 64A: 713?720","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.283.6284.91","volume":"283","author":"V Scott","year":"1981","unstructured":"Scott V, Gijsbers K (1981) Pain perception in competitive swimmers. Br Med J 283: 91?93","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198409000-00006","volume":"9","author":"JV Seligman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Seligman JV, Gertzbein SD, Tile M, Kapasouri A (1984) Computer analysis of spinal segment motion in degenerative disc disease with and without axial loading. Spine 9: 566?573","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1976.45.1.0032","volume":"45","author":"JL Seres","year":"1976","unstructured":"Seres JL, Newman RI (1976) Results of treatment of chronic low back pain at the Portland Pain Centre. J Neurosurg 45: 32?36","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198403000-00003","volume":"9","author":"S Shirazi-Adl","year":"1984","unstructured":"Shirazi-Adl S, Shrivastava SC, Ahmed A (1984) Stress analysis of the lumbar disc-body unit in compression. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element study. Spine 9, 2: 120?133","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(82)90597-5","volume":"30","author":"BC Shyu","year":"1982","unstructured":"Shyu BC, Andersson SA, Thor\u00e9n P (1982) Endorphin mediated increase in pain threshold induced by long-lasting exercise in rats. Life Sci 30: 833?840","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6148.1338","volume":"2","author":"WH Sims","year":"1978","unstructured":"Sims WH, Jayson MIV, Young SM, Baddeley H, Collins E (1978) Controlled trial of mibilisation and manipulation for patients with low back pain in general practice. Br Med J. 2: 1338?1340","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"CR114","unstructured":"Sjukfranvaron i Sverige (1981) HS 90-projektet-h\u00e4lso- och sjukv\u00e5rd inf\u00f6r 90-talet. Socialstyrelsen redovisar 6"},{"key":"CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.49B3.502","volume":"49-B","author":"L Smith","year":"1967","unstructured":"Smith L, Brown J (1967) Treatment of intervertebral disc lesions by direct injection of chymopapain. J Bone Joint Surg 49-B: 502?519","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677708994810","volume":"48","author":"W Snoek","year":"1977","unstructured":"Snoek W, Weber H, J\u00f6rgensen B (1977) Double-blind evaluation of extra-dural methyl prednisolone for herniated lumbar disc. Acta Orthop Scand 48: 635?641","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"CR117","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Symposium on idiopathic low back pain","author":"SH Snook","year":"1982","unstructured":"Snook SH (1982) Low back pain in industry. In: White AA, Gordon SL (eds) Symposium on idiopathic low back pain. CV Mosby, St Louis, pp 23?38"},{"key":"CR118","volume-title":"Scheuermann's juvenile kyphosis. Clinical appearances, radiography, aetiology, and prognosis","author":"KH Sorenson","year":"1964","unstructured":"Sorenson KH (1964) Scheuermann's juvenile kyphosis. Clinical appearances, radiography, aetiology, and prognosis, Munksgaard, Copenhagen"},{"key":"CR119","unstructured":"Spangfort EV (1972) The lumbar disc herniation. A computeraided analysis of 2.504 operations. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 142"},{"key":"CR120","volume-title":"Low back pain. Assessment and management","author":"DM Spengler","year":"1982","unstructured":"Spengler DM (1982) Low back pain. Assessment and management. Grune & Stratton, New York"},{"key":"CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198007000-00008","volume":"5","author":"DM Spengler","year":"1980","unstructured":"Spengler DM, Freeman C, Westbrook R, Miller J (1980) Lowback pain following lumbar spine procedures. Failure of initial selection? Spine 5: 356?360","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197711000-00017","volume":"129","author":"RA Sternbach","year":"1977","unstructured":"Sternbach RA (1977) Psychological aspects of chronic pain. Clin Orthop 129: 150?155","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR123","first-page":"70","volume-title":"Randomized trial of the Rees and Shealy methods for the treatment of low back pain","author":"King J Stoval","year":"1977","unstructured":"Stoval King J (1977) Randomized trial of the Rees and Shealy methods for the treatment of low back pain. In: Buerger AA, Tobis JS (eds) Charles C Thomas, Springfield Ill, pp 70?83"},{"key":"CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677708989733","volume":"48","author":"V Surin","year":"1977","unstructured":"Surin V (1977) Duration of disability following lumbar disc surgery. Acta Orthop Scand 48: 466?471","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"CR125","volume-title":"Low back pain in forty to fortyseven year old men: A retrospective cross-sectional study","author":"HO Svensson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Svensson HO (1981) Low back pain in forty to fortyseven year old men: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Thesis, University of G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"},{"key":"CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1159\/000396731","volume":"8","author":"L Terenius","year":"1981","unstructured":"Terenius L (1981) Endorphins and pain. Front Horm Res 8: 162?195","journal-title":"Front Horm Res"},{"key":"CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1982.tb01839.x","volume":"74","author":"L Terenius","year":"1982","unstructured":"Terenius L, Tamsen A (1982) Endorphins and the modulation of acute pain. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl 74: 21?24","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198401000-00013","volume":"9","author":"M Tile","year":"1984","unstructured":"Tile M (1984) The role of surgery in nerve root compression. Spine 9, 1: 57?64","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR129","unstructured":"Troup JDG (1984) The prediction of recurrence following episodes of back and sciatic pain. Spine (in press)"},{"key":"CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198101000-00014","volume":"6","author":"JDG Troup","year":"1981","unstructured":"Troup JDG, Martin JW, Lloyd DCEF (1981) Back pain in industry: A prospective survey. Spine 6: 61?69","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197711000-00012","volume":"129","author":"JPG Urban","year":"1977","unstructured":"Urban JPG, Holm S, Maroudas A, Nachemson A (1977) Nutrition of the intervertebral disc. An in vivo study of solute transport. Clin Orthop 129: 101?114","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"CR132","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Symposium on Idiopathic low back pain","author":"H Valkenburg","year":"1982","unstructured":"Valkenburg H, Haanen HCM (1982) The epidemiology of low back pain. In: White AA, Gordon SL (eds) Symposium on Idiopathic low back pain. CV Mosby, St Louis, pp 9?22"},{"key":"CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678208992226","volume":"53","author":"T Videman","year":"1982","unstructured":"Videman T (1982) Experimental osteoarthritis in the rabbit: Comparison of different periods of repeated immobilization. Acta Orthop Scand 53: 339?347","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961020-00007","volume":"61A","author":"G Waddell","year":"1979","unstructured":"Waddell G, Kummel EG, McCulloch JA (1979) Failed lumbar disc surgery and repeat surgery following industrial injuries. J Bone Joint Surg 61A: 201?207","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198403000-00012","volume":"9","author":"G Waddel","year":"1984","unstructured":"Waddel G, Main C (1984) Assessment of severity in lowback disorders. Spine 9: 204?208","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198403000-00013","volume":"9","author":"G Waddell","year":"1984","unstructured":"Waddell G, Main C, Morris EW, Di Paola M, Gray ICM (1984) Chronic low-back pain, psychologic distress, and illnes behaviour. Spine 9: 209?213","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198003000-00005","volume":"5","author":"G Waddel","year":"1980","unstructured":"Waddel G, McCulloch JA, Kummel E, Wenner RM (1980) Nonorganic physical signs in low back pain. 1979 Volvo Award in clinical science. Spine 5: 117?125","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR138","first-page":"33","volume":"28","author":"H Weber","year":"1978","unstructured":"Weber H (1978) Lumbar disc herniation. Part I. J Oslo City Hosp 28: 33?64","journal-title":"J Oslo City Hosp"},{"key":"CR139","first-page":"89","volume":"28","author":"H Weber","year":"1978","unstructured":"Weber H (1978) Lumbar disc herniation. Part II. J Oslo City Hosp 28: 89?124","journal-title":"J Oslo City Hosp"},{"key":"CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198303000-00003","volume":"2","author":"H Weber","year":"1983","unstructured":"Weber H (1983) Lumbar disc herniation. A controlled, prospective study with ten years of observation. Spine 2: 131?140","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR141","first-page":"61","volume":"34","author":"H Weber","year":"1984","unstructured":"Weber H, Ljunggren AE, Walker L (1984) Traction therapy in patients with herniated lumbar intervertebral discs. J Oslo City Hosp 34: 61?70","journal-title":"J Oslo City Hosp"},{"key":"CR142","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"CG Westrin","year":"1973","unstructured":"Westrin CG (1973) Low back sick-listing. A nosological and medical insurance investigation. Scand J Soc Med Suppl 7: 1?116","journal-title":"Scand J Soc Med Suppl"},{"key":"CR143","volume-title":"Clinical biomechanics of the spine","author":"AA White","year":"1978","unstructured":"White AA, Panjabi MM (1978) Clinical biomechanics of the spine. JB Lippincott, Philadelphia"},{"key":"CR144","volume-title":"Effectiveness of epidural steroids in the treatment of sciatica ? A double blind clinical trial","author":"SW Wiesel","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wiesel SW, Bernini P, Rothman R, Feffer H (1982) Effectiveness of epidural steroids in the treatment of sciatica ? A double blind clinical trial. The International society for the study of the lumbar spine, Toronto, Canada"},{"key":"CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198007000-00006","volume":"5","author":"SW Wiesel","year":"1980","unstructured":"Wiesel SW, Rothman RH (1980) Acute low back pain. An objective analysis of conservative therapy. Spine 5: 324?330","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198409000-00003","volume":"9","author":"SW Wiesel","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wiesel SW, Tsourmas N, Feffer HL, Citrin CM, Patronas N (1984) A study of computer-assisted tomography. I. The incidence of positive cat scans in an asymptomatic group of patients. Spine 9: 549?551","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678108992156","volume":"52","author":"SL-Y Woo","year":"1981","unstructured":"Woo SL-Y, Gelberman RH, Cobb NG, Amiel D, Lothringer K, Akeson WH (1981) The importance of controlled passive mobilization on flexor tendon healing. A biomechanical study. Acta Orthop Scand 52: 615?622","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"CR148","first-page":"29","volume-title":"The lumbar spine and back pain","author":"PHN Wood","year":"1980","unstructured":"Wood PHN, Badley M (1980) Epidemiology of back pain. In: Jayson M (ed) The lumbar spine and back pain. Pitman, London, pp 29?55"},{"key":"CR149","unstructured":"Working conditions and sickness absenteeism 1975\/76. Official statistics of Sweden. Living conditions. Report No 15, 1979"},{"key":"CR150","first-page":"265","volume-title":"The Lumbar Spine and Back Pain","author":"B Wyke","year":"1980","unstructured":"Wyke B (1980) The neurology of low back pain. In: Jayson MIV (ed) The Lumbar Spine and Back Pain, 2nd edn. Pitman Medical, London, pp 265?339","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(80)90027-5","volume":"9","author":"CB Wynn Parry","year":"1980","unstructured":"Wynn Parry CB (1980) Pain in avulsion lesions of the brachial plexus. Pain 9: 41?53","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198409000-00005","volume":"9","author":"KH Yang","year":"1984","unstructured":"Yang KH, King AI (1984) Mechanism of facet load transmission as a hypothesis for low-back pain. Spine 9: 557?565","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.13.3.110","volume":"3","author":"RJ Young","year":"1979","unstructured":"Young RJ (1979) The effect of regular exercise on cognitive functioning and personality. Br J Sports Med 3: 110?117","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198001000-00011","volume":"5","author":"K Young-Hing","year":"1980","unstructured":"Young-Hing K, Reilly J, de Korompay V, Kirkaldy-Willis WH (1980) Prevention of nerve root adhesions after laminectomy. Spine 5: 59?64","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198101000-00022","volume":"6","author":"Forsell M Zachrisson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Zachrisson Forsell M (1981) The back school. Spine 6: 104?106","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"CR156","first-page":"176","volume":"62","author":"RS Zylbergold","year":"1981","unstructured":"Zylbergold RS, Piper MC (1981) Comparative analysis of physical therapy treatments. Arch Phys Med Rehab 62: 176?179","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehab"},{"key":"CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198404000-00018","volume":"9","author":"J Aberg","year":"1984","unstructured":"Aberg J (1984) Evaluation of advanced back pain rehabilitation program. Spine 9: 317?318","journal-title":"Spine"}],"container-title":["International Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00267031.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00267031\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00267031","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,14]],"date-time":"2024-01-14T12:38:24Z","timestamp":1705235904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF00267031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,6]]},"references-count":157,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,6]]}},"alternative-id":["BF00267031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00267031","relation":{},"ISSN":["0341-2695","1432-5195"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0341-2695","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5195","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,6]]}}}