{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T04:40:42Z","timestamp":1698468042336},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,9,1]],"date-time":"1991-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":683683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf00304495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,10]],"date-time":"2004-10-10T03:28:37Z","timestamp":1097378917000},"page":"95-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pathogenesis of SLE: immunopathology in man"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"J. R.","family":"Kalden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. H.","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Krapf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1974.00320240061006","volume":"134","author":"WJ Fessel","year":"1974","unstructured":"Fessel WJ (1974) Incidence, prevalence, outcome and first symptoms; the high prevalence in black women. Arch Intern Med 134:1027?1035","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(62)90063-2","volume":"15","author":"M Siegel","year":"1962","unstructured":"Siegel M, Lee SL, Widelock D, Reilly EB, Wise GJ, Zingale SB, Fuerst HT (1962) The epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: preliminary results in New York City. J Chron Dis 15:131?140","journal-title":"J Chron Dis"},{"key":"CR3","unstructured":"Hochberg MC (1989) Genetic epidemiology of systemic lupus crythematosus. In: Proceedings of the second international conference on SLE. Professional Postgraduate Services, International Singapur, pp 9?15"},{"key":"CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.46.6.457","volume":"46","author":"JS Smolen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Klippel JH, Penner E, Reichlin M, Steinberg AD, Chused TM, Scherak O, Graninger W, Hartter E, Zielinski CC, Wolf A, Davey RJ, Mann DL, Mayr WR (1987) HLA-DR antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with specificity of autoantibody responses to nuclear antigens. Ann Rheum Dis 46:457?462","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780281202","volume":"28","author":"JB Harley","year":"1985","unstructured":"Harley JB, Kaine JL, Fox OF, Reichlin M, Gruber B (1985) Ro (SS-A) antibody and antigen in a patient with congenital complete heart block. Arthritis Rheum 28:1321?1324","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780301105","volume":"30","author":"J-S Deng","year":"1987","unstructured":"Deng J-S, Bair Jr LW, Shen-Schwarz S, Ramsey-Goldman R, Medsger Jr T (1987) Localization of Ro (SS-A) antigen in the cardiac conduction system. Arthritis Rheum 30:1232?1238","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3109\/03009748609098202","volume":"15","author":"AG Wangel","year":"1986","unstructured":"Wangel AG (1986) Serological tests in the assessment of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol 15:353?355","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"CR8","first-page":"430","volume":"73","author":"O Dar","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dar O, Salaman MR, Seifert MH, Isenberg DA (1988) B lymphocyte activation in systemic lupus erythematosus: spontaneous production of IgG antibodies to DNA and environmental antigens in cultures of blood mononuclear cells. Clin Exp Immunol 73:430?435","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.165.6.1755","volume":"165","author":"DM Klinman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Klinman DM, Steinberg AD (1987) Systemic autoimmune disease arises from polyclonal B cell activation. J Exp Med 165:1755?1760","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109396","volume":"63","author":"T Sakane","year":"1979","unstructured":"Sakane T, Steinberg AD, Patton-Reeves J, Green I (1979) Studies of immune functions of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: complement-dependent IgM anti-thymus-derived cell antibodies preferentially inactive suppressor cells. J Clin Invest 63:954?965","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780230214","volume":"23","author":"T Sakane","year":"1980","unstructured":"Sakane T, Steinberg AD, Green I (1980) Studies of immune functions of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 23:225?231","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"CR12","first-page":"481","volume":"49","author":"F Tron","year":"1982","unstructured":"Tron F, Letarte J, Roque-Antunes Barreira MC, Lesavre P (1982) Specific detection of circulating DNA: anti-DNA immune complexes in human systemic lupus erythematosus sera using murine monoclonal ani-DNA antibody. Clin Exp Immunol 49:481?487","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112508","volume":"77","author":"P Faaber","year":"1986","unstructured":"Faaber P, Rijke TRM, Putte LBA van de, Cappel PJA, Berden JHM (1986) Cross reactivity of human and murine anti-dsDNA antibodies with heparan sulfate. J Clin Inv Invest 77:1824?1830","journal-title":"J Clin Inv Invest"},{"key":"CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.6.1879","volume":"169","author":"TMLJ Schmiedeke","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schmiedeke TMLJ, St\u00f6pckl FW, Weber R, Sugisaki Y, Batsford SR, Vogt A (1989) Histones have high affinity for the glomerular basement membrane. Relevance for immune complex formation in lupus nephritis. J Exp Med 169:1879?1894","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00270299","volume":"5","author":"A L\u00f6w","year":"1985","unstructured":"L\u00f6w A, Hotze A, Krapf F, Schranz W, Manger BJ, Mahlstedt J, Wolf F, Kalden JR (1985) The nonspecific clearance function of the reticuloendithelial system in patients with immune complex-mediated diseases before and after therapeutic plasmaphoresis. Rheumatol Int 5:69?72","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.8.2706","volume":"138","author":"JG Wilson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wilson JG, Wong WW, Murphy EE, Schur PH, Fearon DT (1987) Deficiency of the C3b\/C4b receptor (CR1) of erythrocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis of the stability of the defect and of a restriction fragment length polymorphism of the CR1 gene. J Immunol 138:2706?2710","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1986.tb02167.x","volume":"24","author":"M K\u00e1vai","year":"1986","unstructured":"K\u00e1vai M, Csip\u00f6 I, Sonkoly I, Csongor J, Szuegedi GY (1986) Defective immune complex degradation by monocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Immunol 24:527?532","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(89)90030-5","volume":"51","author":"Y Shoenfeld","year":"1989","unstructured":"Shoenfeld Y, Teplizki HA, Mendlovic S, Blank M, Mozes E, Isenberg DA (1989) Short analytical review: the role of the human anti-DNA idiotype 16\/6 in autoimmunity. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 51:313?325","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-8411(88)90059-5","volume":"1","author":"M Blank","year":"1988","unstructured":"Blank M, Mendelovic S, Mozes E, Shoenfeld Y (1988) Induction of SLE-like disease in naive mice with a monoclonal anti-DNA antibody derived from a patient with polymyositis carrying the 16\/6 ID. J Autoimmun 1:683?691","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780300107","volume":"30","author":"O Sela","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sela O, El-Roeiy A, Isenberg DA, Kennedy RC, Colaco CB, Pinkhas J, Shoenfeld Y (1987) A commonm anti-DNA idiotype in sera of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Arthritis Rheum 30:50?56","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"CR21","first-page":"434","volume":"72","author":"TH Winkler","year":"1988","unstructured":"Winkler TH, Henschel TA, Kalies I, Baenkler H-W, Skvaril F, Kalden JR (1988) Constant isotype patterns of anti-dsDNA antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 72:434?439","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9150","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.24.9150","volume":"84","author":"MJ Shlomchik","year":"1987","unstructured":"Shlomchik MJ, Aucoin AH, Pesetsky DS, Weigert MG (1987) Structure and function of anti-DNA autoantibodies derived from a single autoimmune mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:9150","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"CR23","first-page":"1","volume":"20","author":"OS Plescia","year":"1986","unstructured":"Plescia OS, Bran W, Palczuk NC (1986) Production of antibodies to denatured deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochemistry 20:1?36","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"CR24","first-page":"336","volume":"75","author":"F Krapf","year":"1989","unstructured":"Krapf F, Herrmann M, Leitmann W, Kalden JR (1989) Antibody binding of macromolecular DNA and RNA in the plasma of SLE patients. Clin Exp Immunol 75:336?342","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780160108","volume":"16","author":"GL Davis Jr","year":"1973","unstructured":"Davis Jr GL, Davis IV JS (1973) Detection of circulating treatment by counterimmuno-electrophoresis (CIE). Arthritis Rheum 16:52?58","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109992","volume":"66","author":"L Raptis","year":"1980","unstructured":"Raptis L, Mendard HA (1980) Quantitation and characterization of plasma DNA in normals and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Invest 66:1391?1399","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111278","volume":"73","author":"CR Steinman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Steinman CR (1984) Circulating DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus: isolation and characterization. J Clin Invest 73:832?841","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(79)90789-7","volume":"67","author":"CR Steinman","year":"1979","unstructured":"Steinman CR (1979) Circulating DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with central nervous system involvement and systemic vasculitis. Am J Med 67:429?435","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.128.3.1341","volume":"128","author":"H Sano","year":"1982","unstructured":"Sano H, Morimoto C (1982) DNA isolated from DNA\/anti-DNA antibody immune complexe in systemic lupus erythematosus is rich in guanine-cytosine content. J Immunol 128:1341?1345","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330202","volume":"33","author":"DS Pisetsky","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pisetsky DS, Grudier JP, Gilkeson GS (1990) A role for immunogenic DNA in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 33:153?159","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/anr.1780320610","volume":"32","author":"JZ Li","year":"1989","unstructured":"Li JZ, Steinman CR (1989) Plasma DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus. Characterization of cloned base sequences. Arthritis Rheum 32:726?733","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114716","volume":"86","author":"PM Rumoe","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rumoe PM, Steinman CR (1990) Endogenous circulating DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus. Occurrence as multimeric complexes bound to histone. J Clin Invest 86:69?74","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00541153","volume":"1","author":"S Chitrabamrung","year":"1981","unstructured":"Chitrabamrung S, Rubin RL, Tan EM (1981) Serum deoxyribonuclease I and clinical activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 1:55?66","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112226","volume":"76","author":"RM Bennett","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bennett RM, Gabor GT, Merritt MS (1985) DNA binding to human leukocytes: evidence for receptor-mediated association, internalization, and degradation of DNA. J Clin Invest 76:2182?2188","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.166.4.850","volume":"166","author":"RM Bennett","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bennett RM, Kotzin BL, Merrit MJ (1987) DNA receptor dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus and kindred disders. Induction by Anti-DNA antibodies, antihistone antibodies, and antireceptor antibodies. J Exp Med 166:850?858","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"CR36","first-page":"336","volume":"75","author":"F Krapf","year":"1989","unstructured":"Krapf F, Herrmann M, Leitmann W, Kalden JR (1989) Antibody binding of macromolecular DNA and RNA in the plasma of SLE patients. Clin Exp Immunol 75:336?34","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00271867","volume":"9","author":"FE Krapf","year":"1989","unstructured":"Krapf FE, Herrmann M, Leitmann W, Kalden JR (1989) Are retroviruses involved in the pathogenesis of SLE? Evidence demonstrated by molecular analysis of nucleic acids from SLE patients' plasma. Rheumatol Int 9:115?121","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"CR38","unstructured":"Herrmann M, Leitmann W, Krapf EF, Kalden JR (1989) Molecular characteristics and in vitro effects of nucleic acids from plasma of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Cell Biochem [Suppl] Molecular and cellular mechanisms of human hypersensitivity and autoimmunity, pp 147?157"},{"key":"CR39","unstructured":"Leitmann W, Herrmann M, Krapf E, Kalden JR (1990) Evidence for the involvement of retroviruses in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Cell Biochem [Suppl] Human retroviruses, pp 361?372"},{"key":"CR40","unstructured":"Talal N, Dauphinee MJ, Dang H (1989) A possible retroviral etiology for Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome. Proceedings of the ILAR '89 Congress, pp 646?648"},{"key":"CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.47.3.206","volume":"47","author":"BK Pelton","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pelton BK, North M, Palmer RG et al (1988) A search for retrovirus infection in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 47:206?209","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.1.233","volume":"73","author":"RC Mellors","year":"1976","unstructured":"Mellors RC, Mellors JW (1976) Antigen related to mammalian type C RNA viral proteins is located in renal glomeruli in SLE. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73:232?237","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.14.6.1584-1596.1974","volume":"14","author":"M Strand","year":"1974","unstructured":"Strand M, August JT (1974) Type C-RNA virus gene expression in human tissue. J Virol 14:1584?1596","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"CR44","first-page":"393","volume":"83","author":"M Imamura","year":"1976","unstructured":"Imamura M, Phillipos PE, Mellors RC (1976) The occurrence and frequency of type C virus-like particles in placenta from patients with SLE and from normal subjects. Am J Pathol 83:393?394","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/252078a0","volume":"252","author":"RM Lewis","year":"1974","unstructured":"Lewis RM, Tanneberg W, Smith G, Schwarz RS (1974) Type-C virus in SLE. Nature 252:78?81","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-8411(90)90137-H","volume":"3","author":"AM Krieg","year":"1990","unstructured":"Krieg AM, Steinberg AD (1990) Review: Retroviruses and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 3:137?166","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330603","volume":"33","author":"N Talal","year":"1990","unstructured":"Talal N, Dauphinee MJ, Dang H, Alexander SS, Hart DJ, Garry RF (1990) Detection of serum antibodies to retroviral proteins in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome (autoimmune exocrinopathy). Arthritis Rheum 33:774?781","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114647","volume":"85","author":"N Talal","year":"1990","unstructured":"Talal N, Garry RF, Schur PH, Alexander S, Dauphinee MJ, Livas IH, Ballester A, Takei M, Dang H (1990) A conserved idiotype and antibodies to retroviral proteins in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Invest 85:1866?1871","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90148-6","volume":"51","author":"CC Query","year":"1987","unstructured":"Query CC, Keene JD (1987) A human autoimmune protein associated with U1 RNA contains a region of homology that is cross-reactive with retroviral p30 gag antigen. Cell 51:211?220","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.8.2448","volume":"143","author":"AM Krieg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Krieg AM, Gause WC, Gourley MF, Steinberg AD (1989) A role for endogenous retroviral sequences in the regulation of lymphocyte activation. J Immunol 143:2448?2451","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00304495.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00304495\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00304495","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T13:53:39Z","timestamp":1682776419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF00304495"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]}},"alternative-id":["BF00304495"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00304495","relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-8172","1437-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0172-8172","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]}}}