{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T10:08:19Z","timestamp":1768730899508,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1977,9,1]],"date-time":"1977-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":241920000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf00498557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,15]],"date-time":"2004-11-15T23:12:40Z","timestamp":1100560360000},"page":"155-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Effects of Sr2+ and Mg2+ on the phospholipase A and the presynaptic neuromuscular blocking actions of ?-bungarotoxin, crotoxin and taipoxin"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"C. Chiung","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Jai","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Don","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Eaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"CR1","first-page":"403","volume":"269","author":"H. Breithaupt","year":"1971","unstructured":"Breithaupt, H., R\u00fcbsamen, K., Habermann, E.: In vitro and in vivo interaction between phospholipase A and a novel potentiator isolated from so-called crotoxin. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmakol. 269, 403?404 (1971)","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmakol."},{"key":"CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2744(75)90065-0","volume":"403","author":"H. Breithaupt","year":"1975","unstructured":"Breithaupt, H., Omori-Satoh, T., Lang, J.: Isolation and characterization of three phospholipase A from the crotoxin complex. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 403, 355?369 (1975)","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"CR3","first-page":"38","volume":"1","author":"E. B\u00fclbring","year":"1946","unstructured":"B\u00fclbring, E.: Observations on the isolated phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation of the rat. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1, 38?61 (1946)","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"CR4","first-page":"259","volume-title":"Topics on tropical neurology","author":"C. H. Campbell","year":"1975","unstructured":"Campbell, C. H.: The effects of snake venoms and their neurotoxins on the nervous system of man and animals. In: Topics on tropical neurology (R. W. Hornabrook, ed.), pp. 259?293. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis 1975"},{"key":"CR5","volume-title":"Snake venoms","author":"C. C. Chang","year":"1977","unstructured":"Chang, C. C.: The action of snake venoms on nerve and muscle. In: Snake venoms (C. Y. Lee, ed.). Berlin: Springer 1977, in press"},{"key":"CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00499028","volume":"282","author":"C. C. Chang","year":"1974","unstructured":"Chang, C. C., Huang, M. C.: Comparison of the presynaptic actions of botulinum toxin and ?-bungarotoxin on neuromuscular transmission. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 282, 129?142 (1974)","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"CR7","first-page":"241","volume":"144","author":"C. C. Chang","year":"1963","unstructured":"Chang, C. C., Lee, C. Y.: Isolation of neurotoxins from the venom of Bungarus multicinctus and their modes of neuro-muscular blocking action. Arch. Intern. Pharmacodyn. 144, 241?257 (1963)","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Pharmacodyn."},{"key":"CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00508469","volume":"296","author":"C. C. Chang","year":"1977","unstructured":"Chang, C. C., Lee, J. D.: Crotoxin, the neurotoxin of South American rattlesnake venom, is a presynaptic toxin acting like ?-bungarotoxin. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 296, 159?168 (1977)","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"CR9","first-page":"587","volume-title":"Memorial Volume to President Chiang Kai-Shek","author":"W. C. Chang","year":"1976","unstructured":"Chang, W. C., Lo, T. B.: Phospholipase A of snake venoms. In: Memorial Volume to President Chiang Kai-Shek (S. L. Chien, ed.), pp. 587?617. Taipei: Academia Sinica 1976"},{"key":"CR10","first-page":"339","volume":"184","author":"C. C. Chang","year":"1973","unstructured":"Chang, C. C., Chen, T. F., Lee, C. Y.: Studies of the presynaptic effect of ?-bungarotoxin on neuromuscular transmission. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 184, 339?345 (1973)","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, C. C., Lee, J. D., Eaker, D., Fohlman, J.: The presynaptic neuromuscular blocking action of taipoxin. A comparison with ?-bungarotoxin and crotoxin. Toxicon (in press, 1977)","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(77)90108-8"},{"key":"CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02899133","volume":"6","author":"I.-L. Chen","year":"1970","unstructured":"Chen, I.-L., Lee, C. Y.: Ultrastructural changes in the motor nerves terminals caused by ?-bungarotoxin. Virchows Archiv Cell Pathol. 6, 318?325 (1970)","journal-title":"Virchows Archiv Cell Pathol."},{"key":"CR13","first-page":"175","volume":"1","author":"S. G. Cull-Candy","year":"1976","unstructured":"Cull-Candy, S. G., Fohlman, J., Gustavsson, D., L\u00fcllmann-Rauch, R., Thesleff, S.: The effect of taipoxin and notexin on the function and fine structure of the murine neuromuscular junction. J. Neuro-Sci. 1, 175?180 (1976)","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Sci."},{"key":"CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1969.sp008692","volume":"200","author":"F. A. Dodge","year":"1969","unstructured":"Dodge, F. A., Miledi, R., Rahaminoff, R.: Strontium and quantal release of transmitter at the neuromuscular junction. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 200, 267?283 (1969)","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)"},{"key":"CR15","unstructured":"Eaker, D.: Structural nature of pre-synaptic neurotoxins from Australian elapid venoms. 4th Intern. Symp. on Animal and Microbial Toxins, Tokyo, Abstract, pp. 49?50 (1974)"},{"key":"CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10833.x","volume":"68","author":"J. Fohlman","year":"1976","unstructured":"Fohlman, J., Eaker, D., Karlsson, E., Thesleff, S.: Taipoxin, an extremely potent presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of the Australian snake Taipan (Oxyuranus s. scutellatus). Isolation, characterization, quaternary structure and pharmacological properties. Eur. J. Biochem. 68, 457?469 (1976)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6990","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)41030-2","volume":"250","author":"J. Halpert","year":"1975","unstructured":"Halpert, J., Eaker, D.: Amino acid sequence of presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of Notechis scutatus scutatus (Australian tiger snake). J. Biol. Chem. 250, 6990?6997 (1975)","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1973.tb08168.x","volume":"47","author":"J. B. Harris","year":"1973","unstructured":"Harris, J. B., Karlsson, E., Thesleff, S.: Effects of an isolated toxin from Australian tiger snake (Notechis scutatus scutatus) venom at the mammalian neuromuscular junction. Br. J. Pharmacol. 47, 141?146 (1973)","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(76)80174-3","volume":"61","author":"J. Helpert","year":"1976","unstructured":"Helpert, J., Eaker, D., Karlsson, E.: The role of phospholipase activity in the action of a presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of Nothechis scutatus scutatus (Australian tiger snake). FEBS Lett. 61, 72?76 (1976)","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.68.7.1560","volume":"68","author":"R. A. Hendon","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hendon, R. A., Fraenkel-Conrat, H.: Biological roles of the two components of crotoxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68, 1560?1563 (1971)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.57.2.315","volume":"57","author":"J. Heuser","year":"1973","unstructured":"Heuser, J., Reese, T. S.: Evidence for recycling of synaptic vesicle membrane during transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction. J. Cell Biol. 57, 315?344 (1973)","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(75)90282-X","volume":"67","author":"B. D. Howard","year":"1975","unstructured":"Howard, B. D.: Effects of ?-bungarotoxin on mitochondrial respiration are caused by associated phospholipase A activity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 67, 58?65 (1975)","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm."},{"key":"CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05639.x","volume":"90","author":"M. A. Kamenskaya","year":"1974","unstructured":"Kamenskaya, M. A., Thesleff, S.: Neuromuscular blocking action of an isolated toxin from the elapid (Oxyuranus scutellatus). Acta Physiol. Scand. 90, 716?724 (1974)","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1967.sp008183","volume":"189","author":"B. Katz","year":"1967","unstructured":"Katz, B., Miledi, R.: The timing of calcium action during neuromuscular transmission. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 189, 535?544 (1967)","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)"},{"key":"CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480050205","volume":"5","author":"R. B. Kelly","year":"1974","unstructured":"Kelly, R. B., Brown, F. R.: Biochemical and physiological properties of a purified snake venom neurotoxin which acts presynaptically. J. Neurobiol. 5, 135?150 (1974)","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1976.040.01.013","volume":"XL","author":"R. B. Kelly","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kelly, R. B., Oberg, S. G., Strong, P. N., Wagner, G. M.: ?-Bungarotoxin, a phospholipase that stimulates transmitter release. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. XL, 117?125 (1976)","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol."},{"key":"CR27","first-page":"447","volume":"71","author":"T. P. Kuo","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kuo, T. P., Wu, C. S.: Clinicopathological studies on snake bites in Taiwan. J. Formosan Med. Assoc. 71, 447?466 (1972)","journal-title":"J. Formosan Med. Assoc."},{"key":"CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9673(72)80009-8","volume":"72","author":"C. Y. Lee","year":"1972","unstructured":"Lee, C. Y., Chang, S. L., Kau, S. T., Luh, S. H.: Chromatographic separation of the venom of Bungarus multicinctus and characterization of its components. J. Chromatog. 72, 71?82 (1972)","journal-title":"J. Chromatog."},{"key":"CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01923210","volume":"31","author":"P. Rosenberg","year":"1975","unstructured":"Rosenberg, P.: Penetration of phospholipase A2 and C into the squid (Loligopeolii) giant axon. Experientia 31, 1401?1403 (1975)","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-138902-4.50021-0","volume-title":"Venomous animals and their venoms","author":"G. Rosenfeld","year":"1971","unstructured":"Rosenfeld, G.: Symptomatology, pathology, and treatment of snake bites in South America. In: Venomous animals and their venoms (Buckerl, W. and Buckley, E. E., eds.), vol. 2, pp. 345?384. New York: Academic Press 1971"},{"key":"CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.1.178","volume":"73","author":"P. N. Strong","year":"1976","unstructured":"Strong, P. N., Goerke, J., Oberg, S. G., Kelly, R. B.: ?-Bungarotoxin, a presynaptic toxin with enzymatic activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 178?182 (1976a)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"CR32","unstructured":"Strong, P. N., Heuser, J. E., Oberg, S. G., Kelly, R. B.: ?-Bungarotoxin: Phospholipase activity is responsible for presynaptic action. 5th International Symposium on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins, Costa Rica, Abstract p. 92 (1976b)"},{"key":"CR33","first-page":"289","volume-title":"Memorial Volume to President Chiang Kai-Shek","author":"M. C. Tsai","year":"1976","unstructured":"Tsai, M. C., Chang, C. C., Lee, C. Y.: The relation between the blockage of transmitter release and the ultrastructural changes of the motor nerve terminals caused by ?-bungarotoxin. In: Memorial Volume to President Chiang Kai-Shek (Chein, S. L., ed.), pp. 289?305. Taipei: Academia Sinica 1976"},{"key":"CR34","first-page":"34","volume":"212","author":"O. Vital Brazil","year":"1971","unstructured":"Vital Brazil, O., Excell, B. J.: Action of crotoxin and crotactin from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) on the frog neuromuscular junction. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 212, 34?35 (1971)","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)"},{"key":"CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1975.tb04354.x","volume":"25","author":"J. F. Wernicke","year":"1975","unstructured":"Wernicke, J. F., Vanker, A. D., Howard, B. D.: The mechanism of action of ?-bungarotoxin. J. Neurochem. 25, 483?496 (1975)","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."}],"container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00498557.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00498557\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00498557","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]],"date-time":"2023-04-30T07:34:01Z","timestamp":1682840041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF00498557"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1977,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,9]]}},"alternative-id":["BF00498557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00498557","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-1298","1432-1912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-1298","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1912","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1977,9]]}}}