{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T07:12:50Z","timestamp":1789974770496,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,1,1]],"date-time":"1988-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":567993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Comp. Physiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf00604898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,24]],"date-time":"2004-11-24T21:02:08Z","timestamp":1101330128000},"page":"441-443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Crocodiles don't focus underwater"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"L. J.","family":"Fleishman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. C.","family":"Howland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Howland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. S.","family":"Rand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"Davenport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01662206","volume":"69","author":"T Beer","year":"1898","unstructured":"Beer T (1898) Die Akkommodation des Auges bei den Reptilien. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 69:507","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fleishman L, Rand AS (in press)Caiman crocodilus does not require vision for underwater prey capture. J Herpetol","DOI":"10.2307\/1564453"},{"key":"CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.64.000240","volume":"64","author":"HC Howland","year":"1974","unstructured":"Howland HC, Howland B (1974) Photorefraction: a technique for study of refractive state at a distance. J Opt Soc Am 64:240?249","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am"},{"key":"CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(85)90082-3","volume":"25","author":"HC Howland","year":"1985","unstructured":"Howland HC, Sayles N (1985) Photokeratometric and photorefractive measurements of astigmatism in infants and young children. Vision Res 25:73","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(84)90024-5","volume":"24","author":"HC Howland","year":"1984","unstructured":"Howland HC, Sivak J (1984) Penguin vision in air and water. Vision Res 24:1905?1909","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"CR6","volume-title":"Visual optics and refraction","author":"DD Michaels","year":"1985","unstructured":"Michaels DD (1985) Visual optics and refraction, 3rd edn. Mosby, St. Louis","edition":"3rd edn."},{"key":"CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00623904","volume":"151","author":"CJ Murphy","year":"1983","unstructured":"Murphy CJ, Howland HC (1983) Owl eyes: Accommodation, corneal curvature and refractive state. J Comp Physiol 151:277?284","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol"},{"key":"CR8","volume-title":"Last of the ruling reptiles","author":"WT Neill","year":"1971","unstructured":"Neill WT (1971) Last of the ruling reptiles. Columbia University Press, New York"},{"key":"CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.2307\/1444269","volume":"1982","author":"GB Schaller","year":"1982","unstructured":"Schaller GB, Crawshaw PG Jr (1982) Fishing behavior of the Paraguayan caiman (Caiman crocodilus). Copeia 1982:66?72","journal-title":"Copeia"},{"key":"CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(80)80182-2","volume":"1980","author":"JG Sivak","year":"1980","unstructured":"Sivak JG (1980) Avian mechanisms for vision in air and water. Trends NeuroSci 1980:314?317","journal-title":"Trends NeuroSci"},{"key":"CR11","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Biology of the Reptilia, vol 2","author":"G Underwood","year":"1970","unstructured":"Underwood G (1970) The eye. In: Gans C (ed) Biology of the Reptilia, vol 2. Academic Press, New York, pp 1?79"},{"key":"CR12","volume-title":"The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation","author":"GL Walls","year":"1967","unstructured":"Walls GL (1967) The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation. Hafner, New York"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Physiology A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00604898.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00604898\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00604898","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T23:23:17Z","timestamp":1554420197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF00604898"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988]]}},"alternative-id":["BF00604898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00604898","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-7594","1432-1351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-7594","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1351","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988]]}}}