{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:43:50Z","timestamp":1760132630833},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]],"date-time":"1997-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":875664000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]],"date-time":"1997-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":875664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf00788184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T14:35:22Z","timestamp":1644935722000},"page":"428-434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Aggressive and violent behavior in a population of psychiatric inpatients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Raja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Azzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Lubich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF00788184_CR1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C.","edition":"4th edn"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR2","volume-title":"Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS)","author":"NC Andreasen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Andreasen NC (1981) Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). University of Iowa, Iowa City"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR3","volume-title":"Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS)","author":"NC Andreasen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Andreasen NC (1983) Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). University of Iowa, Iowa City"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR4","volume-title":"Chemotherapy in psychiatry: principles and practice","author":"RJ Baldessarini","year":"1985","unstructured":"Baldessarini RJ (1985) Chemotherapy in psychiatry: principles and practice. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass."},{"key":"BF00788184_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.154.5.672","volume":"154","author":"TRE Barnes","year":"1989","unstructured":"Barnes TRE (1989) A rating scale for drug-induced akathisia. Br J Psychiatry 154: 672\u2013676","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR6","unstructured":"Bech P, Kastrup M, Rafaelsen OJ (1986) Minicompendium of rating scales. Acta Psychiatr Scand 73 [Suppl. 326]"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR7","first-page":"41","volume":"40","author":"H Carmel","year":"1989","unstructured":"Carmel H, Hunter M (1989) Staff injuries from inpatient violence. Hosp Community Psychiatry 40: 41\u201346","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR8","volume-title":"Assaults within psychiatric facilities","author":"JG Edwards","year":"1983","unstructured":"Edwards JG, Reid W (1983) Violence in psychiatric facilities in Europe and in the United States. In: Lion J, Reid W (eds) Assaults within psychiatric facilities. Grune & Stratton, New York"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.12.1568","volume":"145","author":"JG Edwards","year":"1988","unstructured":"Edwards JG, Jones D, Reid WH, Chu CC (1988) Physical assaults in a psychiatric unit of a general hospital. Am J Psychiatry 145: 1568\u20131571","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1992.00530300027006","volume":"49","author":"FA Elhott","year":"1992","unstructured":"Elhott FA (1992) Violence. The neurologic contribution: an overview. Arch Neurol 49: 595\u2013603","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR11","volume-title":"Recent developments in Parkinson's disease","author":"S Fahn","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fahn S, Elton RL, Members of the UPDRS Development Committee (1987) In: Fahn S, marsden CD, Calne D, Goldstein M (eds) Recent developments in Parkinson's disease. MacMillan, Florham Park"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.11.1584","volume":"151","author":"WA Fisher","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fisher WA (1994) Restraint and seclusion, a review of the literature. Am J Psychiatry 151: 1584\u20131591","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","volume":"12","author":"MF Folstein","year":"1975","unstructured":"Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh P (1975) Mini-Mental State: a practical method for grading the cognitive, state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12: 189\u2013198","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.136.3.216","volume":"136","author":"E Fottrell","year":"1980","unstructured":"Fottrell E (1980) A study of violent behavior among patients in psychiatric hospitals. Br J Psychiatry 136: 216\u2013221","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR15","first-page":"836","volume":"43","author":"RH Hanson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hanson RH, Balk JA (1992) A replication study of staff injuries in a state hospital. Hosp Community Psychiatry 43: 836\u2013837","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688908200512","volume":"82","author":"MA Hocking","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hocking MA (1989) Assaults in south east London. J R Soc Med 82: 281\u2013284","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR17","first-page":"259","volume-title":"Manual of psychiatric emergencies","author":"SE Hyman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hyman SE (1984) Manual of psychiatric emergencies. Little, Brown, Boston\/Toronto, p 259"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.156.6.846","volume":"156","author":"DV James","year":"1990","unstructured":"James DV, Fineberg NA, Shah AK, Priest RG (1990) An increase in violence on an acute psychiatric ward. A study of associated factors. Br J Psychiatry 156: 846\u2013852","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198703000-00006","volume":"175","author":"C Karson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Karson C, Bigelow LB (1987) Violent behavior in schizophrenic inpatients. J Nerv Men Dis 175: 161\u2013164","journal-title":"J Nerv Men Dis"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR20","first-page":"545","volume":"176","author":"SR Kay","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kay SR, Wolkenfeld F, Murril LM (1988) Profiles of aggression among psychiatric patients. J Nerv Ment Dis 176: 545\u2013557","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(89)90017-4","volume":"23","author":"MI Krakowski","year":"1989","unstructured":"Krakowski MI, Convit A, Jaeger J, et al. (1989) Inpatient violence: trait and state. J Psychiatr Res 23: 57\u201364","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.134.10.1134","volume":"134","author":"JM Lagos","year":"1977","unstructured":"Lagos JM, Perimutter K, Saexinger H (1977) Fear of the mentally ill: empirical support for the common man's response. Am J Psychiatry 134: 1134\u20131137","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.153.2.226","volume":"153","author":"E Larkin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Larkin E, Murtagh S, Jones S (1988) A preliminary study of violent incidents in a special hospital (Rampton). Br J Psychiatry 153: 226\u2013231","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR24","first-page":"497","volume":"32","author":"JR Lion","year":"1981","unstructured":"Lion JR, Snyder W, Merril GL (1981) Underreporting of assaults on staff in a state hospital. Hosp Community Psychiatry 32: 497\u2013498","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR25","first-page":"133","volume":"45","author":"DE McNiel","year":"1994","unstructured":"McNiel DE, Binder RL (1994) The relationship between acute psychiatric symptoms, diagnosis, and short-term risk of violence. Hosp Community Psychiatry 45: 133\u2013137","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.8.965","volume":"145","author":"DE McNiel","year":"1988","unstructured":"McNiel DE, Binder RC, Greenfield TK (1988) Predictors of violence in committed acute psychiatric patients. Am J Psychiatry 145: 965\u2013970","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.9.1368","volume":"150","author":"RJ Miller","year":"1993","unstructured":"Miller RJ, Zadolinnyj K, Hafner RJ (1993) Profiles and predictors of assaultiveness for different psychiatric ward populations. Am J Psychiatry 150: 1368\u20131373","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR28","first-page":"505","volume":"43","author":"EF Morrison","year":"1992","unstructured":"Morrison EF (1992) A hierarchy of aggressive and violent behaviors among psychiatric inpatients. Hosp Community Psychiatry 43: 505\u2013506","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR29","first-page":"781","volume":"24","author":"National Institute of Mental Health","year":"1986","unstructured":"National Institute of Mental Health (1986) Psychopharmacology Research Branch: Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. Psychopharmacol, Bull 24: 781\u2013782","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol, Bull"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.155.3.384","volume":"155","author":"P Nobel","year":"1989","unstructured":"Nobel P, Rodger S (1989) Violence by psychiatric in-patients. Br J Psychiatry 155: 384\u2013390","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1962.10.3.799","volume":"10","author":"JE Overall","year":"1962","unstructured":"Overall JE Gorhan DR (1962) The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychol Rep 10: 799\u2013812","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.149.2.232","volume":"149","author":"M Pearson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pearson M, Wilmot E, Padi M (1986) A study of violent behavior among inpatients in a psychiatric hospital. Br J Psychiatry 149: 232\u2013235","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR33","first-page":"1104","volume":"45","author":"EC Poster","year":"1994","unstructured":"Poster EC, Ryan JA (1994) A multiregional study of nurses' beliefs and attitudes about work safety and patient assault. Hosp Community Psychiatry 45: 1104\u20131108","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR34","first-page":"88","volume":"31","author":"M Raja","year":"1996","unstructured":"Raja M (1996) Aggressioni violente di pazienti ricoverati in un Servizio Psichiatrico di Diagnosi e Cura. Riv Ital Psichiatria 31: 88\u201393","journal-title":"Riv Ital Psichiatria"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR35","first-page":"74","volume":"8","author":"M Raja","year":"1995","unstructured":"Raja M, Miti G (1995) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 8: 74","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02195723","volume":"243","author":"M Raja","year":"1994","unstructured":"Raja M, Altavista MC, Cavallari S, Lubich L (1994) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and catatonia. A report of three cases. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 243: 299\u2013303","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.137.9.1061","volume":"137","author":"ES Rofman","year":"1980","unstructured":"Rofman ES, Askinazi C, Fant E (1980) The prediction of dangerous behavior in emergency civil commitment. Am J Psychiatry 137: 1061\u20131064","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR38","first-page":"643","volume":"36","author":"AM Rossi","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rossi AM, Jacobs M, Monteleone M (1985) Violent or fear-inducing behavior associated with hospital admission. Hosp Community Psychiatry 36: 643\u2013647","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR39","first-page":"761","volume":"41","author":"JW Swanson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Swanson JW, Holzer CE, Ganju VK, Jono RT (1990) Violence and psychiatric disorder in the community: evidence from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area surveys. Hosp Community Psychiatry 41: 761\u2013770","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.47.1.86","volume":"47","author":"E Tam","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tam E, Engelsmann F, Fugere R (1996) Patterns of violent incidents by patients in a general hospital psychiatric facility. Psychiatr Serv 47: 86\u201388","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.141.10.1232","volume":"141","author":"K Tardiff","year":"1984","unstructured":"Tardiff K (1984) Characteristics of assaultive patients in private hospitals. Am J Psychiatry 141: 1232\u20131235","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820060073013","volume":"49","author":"K Tardiff","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tardiff K (1992) The current state of psychiatry in the treatment of violent patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49: 493\u2013499","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.142.8.960","volume":"142","author":"K Tardiff","year":"1985","unstructured":"Tardiff K, Koenigsberg HW (1985) Assaultive behavior among psychiatric outpatients. Am J Psychiatry 142: 960\u2013963","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1980.01780150054005","volume":"73","author":"K Tardiff","year":"1980","unstructured":"Tardiff K, Sweillam A (1980) Assault, suicide, and mental illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 73: 164\u2013169","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.6.847-b","volume":"139","author":"K Tardiff","year":"1982","unstructured":"Tardiff K, Sweillam A (1982) Assaultive behavior among cheronic inpatients. Am J Psychiatry 139: 212\u2013215","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"BF00788184_CR46","first-page":"13","volume":"48","author":"T Van Putten","year":"1987","unstructured":"Van Putten T, Marder SR (1987) Behavioral toxicity of antipsychotic drugs. J Clin Psychiatry 48 [Suppl 9]: 13\u201319","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00788184_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.164.6.826","volume":"164","author":"Z Walker","year":"1994","unstructured":"Walker Z, Seifert R (1994) Violent incidents in a psychiatric intensive care unit. Br J Psychiatry 164: 826\u2013828","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00788184.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00788184\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00788184.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T14:36:09Z","timestamp":1644935769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF00788184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]}},"alternative-id":["BF00788184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00788184","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7954","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]}}}