{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:10:31Z","timestamp":1792131031982,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":215,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]],"date-time":"1999-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":944006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]],"date-time":"1999-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":944006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Springer Semin Immunopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf00812260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,12]],"date-time":"2004-12-12T03:05:56Z","timestamp":1102820756000},"page":"317-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Th1\/Th2 balance in infection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"Infante-Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kamradt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF00812260_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.3.948","volume":"90","author":"JK Actor","year":"1993","unstructured":"Actor JK, Shirai M, Kullberg MC, Buller RML, Sher A, Berzofsky JA (1993) Helminth infection results in decreased virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T -cell and Th1 cytokine responses as well as delayed virus clearance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 948","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2952","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.7.2952-2959.1993","volume":"61","author":"LC Afonso","year":"1993","unstructured":"Afonso LC, Scott P (1993) Immune responses associated with susceptibility of C57BL\/10 mice toLeishmania amazonensis. Infect Immun 61: 2952","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7904381","volume":"263","author":"LCC Afonso","year":"1994","unstructured":"Afonso LCC, Scharton TM, Vieira LQ, Wysocka M, Trinchieri G, Scott P (1994) The adjuvant effect of interleukin-12 in a vaccine againstLeishmania major. Science 263: 235","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02207-1","volume":"350","author":"JS Alm","year":"1997","unstructured":"Alm JS, Lilja G, Pershagen G, Scheynlus A (1997) Early BCG vaccination and development of atopy. Lancet 350: 400","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5368.1432","volume":"280","author":"F Altare","year":"1998","unstructured":"Altare F, Durandy A, Lammas D, Emile JF, Lamhamedi S, Le Deist F, Drysdale P, Jouanguy E, Doffinger R, Bernaudin F, Jeppsson O, Gollob JA, Meinl E, Segal AW, Fischer A, Kumararatne D, Casanova JL (1998) Impairment of mycobacterial immunity in human interleukin-12 receptor deficiency. Science 280: 1432","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.1.81","volume":"179","author":"WH Alwan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Alwan WH, Kozlowska WJ, Openshaw PJM (1994) Distinct types of lung disease caused by functional subsets of antiviral T cells. J Exp Med 179: 81","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/356604a0","volume":"356","author":"P Amiri","year":"1992","unstructured":"Amiri P, Locksley RM, Parslow TG, Sadick M, Rector E, Ritter D, McKerrow JH (1992) Tumor necrosis factor a restores granulomas and induces parasite egg-laying in schistosome-infected SCID mice. Nature 356: 604","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199805)28:05<1534::AID-IMMU1534>3.0.CO;2-R","volume":"28","author":"M Assenmacher","year":"1998","unstructured":"Assenmacher M, L\u00f6hning M, Scheffold A, Manz R, Schmitz J, Radbruch A (1998) Sequential production of IL-2, IFN-\u03b3 and IL-10 by individual Th lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 28: 1534","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.6.2825","volume":"161","author":"M Assenmacher","year":"1998","unstructured":"Assenmacher M, L\u00f6hning M, Scheffold A, Richter A, Miltenyi S, Schmitz J, Radbruch A (1998) Commitment of individual Th1-like lymphocytes to expression of IFN-\u03b3 versus 1L-4 and IL-10: selective induction of IL-10 by sequential stimulation of naive Th cells with IL-12 and IL-4. J Immunol 161: 2825","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830240513","volume":"24","author":"M Assenmacher","year":"1994","unstructured":"Assenmacher M, Schmitz J, Radbruch A (1994) Flow cytometric determination of cytokines in activated murine T helper lymphocytes: expression of interleukin-10 in interferon-\u03b3 and interleukin-4-expressing cells. Eur J Immunol 24: 1097","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bancroft AJ, Else KJ, Sypek JP, Grencis RK (1997) Interleukin-12 promotes a chronic intestinal nematode infection. Eur J Immunol: 866","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270410"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.7.3453","volume":"160","author":"AJ Bancroft","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bancroft AJ, McKenzie AN, Grencis RK (1998) A critical role for IL-13 in resistance to intestinal nematode infection. J Immunol 160: 3453","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80343-X","volume":"6","author":"AM Beebe","year":"1997","unstructured":"Beebe AM, Mauze S, Schork NJ, Coffman RL (1997) Serial backcross mapping of multiple loci associated with resistance toLeishmania major in mice. Immunity 6: 551","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.1.266","volume":"143","author":"M Belosevic","year":"1989","unstructured":"Belosevic M, Finbloom DS, Van Der Meide PH, Slayter MV, Nacy CA (1989) Administration of monoclonal anti-IFN-gamma antibodies in vivo abrogates natural resistance of C3H\/HeN mice to infection withLeishmania major. J Immunol 143: 266","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.10.040192.002321","volume":"10","author":"BR Bloom","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bloom BR, Modlin RL, Salgame P (1992) Stigma variations: observations on suppressor cells and leprosy. Annu Rev Immunol 10: 453","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.749","volume":"15","author":"U Boehm","year":"1997","unstructured":"Boehm U, Klamp T, Groot M, Howard JC (1997) Cellular responses to interferon-gamma. Annu Rev Immunol 15: 749","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.55.2.227","volume":"55","author":"C Bogdan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bogdan C, Vodovotz Y, Paik J, Xie QW, Nathan C (1994) Mechanism of suppression of nitric oxide synthase expression by interleukin-4 in primary mouse macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 55: 227","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(11)80450-X","volume":"191","author":"DL Boros","year":"1994","unstructured":"Boros DL (1994) The role of cytokines in the formation of the schistosome egg granuloma. Immunobiology 191: 441","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1636090","volume":"257","author":"PA Bretscher","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bretscher PA, Wei G, Menon JN, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H (1992) Establishment of stable, cell-mediated immunity that makes \u201csusceptible\u201d mice resistant toLeishmania major. Science 257: 539","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.2.777","volume":"159","author":"LR Brunet","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brunet LR, Finkelman FD, Cheever AW, Kopf MA, Pearce EJ (1997) IL-4 protects against TNF-\u03b3 mediated cachexia and death during acute schistosomiasis. J Immunol 159: 777","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7565","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.16.7565","volume":"92","author":"RP Bucy","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bucy RP, Karr L, Huang GQ, Li J, Carter D, Honjo K, Lemons JA, Murphy KM, Weaver CT (1995) Single cell analysis of cytokine gene coexpression during CD4+ T-cell phenotype development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 7565","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.4.1251","volume":"180","author":"RP Bucy","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bucy RP, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Huang GQ, Li J, Ross M, Russel JH, Karr L, Murphy KM, Weaver CT (1994) Heterogeneity of single cell cytokine gene expression in clonal T cell populations. J Exp Med 180: 1251","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10071467","volume":"10","author":"J Buijs","year":"1997","unstructured":"Buijs J, Borsboom G, Renting M, Hilgersom WJ, Wieringen JC van, Jansen G, Neijens J (1997) Relationship between allergic manifestations and Toxocara seropositivity: a cross-sectional study among elementary school children. Eur Respir J 10: 1467","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.13.040195.001305","volume":"13","author":"GR Burmester","year":"1995","unstructured":"Burmester GR, Daser A, Kamradt T, Krause A, Mitchison NA, Sieper J, Wolf N (1995) The immunology and immunopathology of reactive arthritides. Annu Rev Immunol 13: 229","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5890","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.12.5890","volume":"158","author":"MM Camargo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Camargo MM, Almeida IC, Pereira ME, Ferguson MA, Travassos LR, Gazzinelli RT (1997) Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mucin-like glycoproteins isolated fromTrypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes initiate the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages. J Immunol 158: 5890","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.2.515","volume":"183","author":"L Carrera","year":"1996","unstructured":"Carrera L, Gazzinelli RT, Badolato R, Hieny S, M\u00fcller W, K\u00fchn R, Sacks DL (1996)Leishmania promastigotes selectively inhibit interleukin 12 induction in bone marrow-derived macrophages from susceptible and resistant mice. J Exp Med 183: 515","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.5.821","volume":"189","author":"M Cella","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cella M, Salio M, Sakakibara Y, Langen H, Julkunen I, Lanzavecchia A (1999) Maturation, activation, and protection of dendritic cells induced by double-stranded RNA. J Exp Med 189: 821","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(99)80027-1","volume":"11","author":"CA Chambers","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chambers CA, Allison JP (1999) Costimulatory regulation of T cell function. Curr Opin Cell Biol 11: 203","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3244","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.10.3244","volume":"148","author":"AW Cheever","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cheever AW, Finkelman FD, Caspar P, Heiny S, Macedonia JG, Sher A (1992) Treatment with anti-IL2 antibodies reduces hepatic pathology and eosinophilia inSchistosoma mansoni-infected mice while selectively inhibiting T cell IL-5 production. J Immunol 148: 3244","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.2.753","volume":"153","author":"AW Cheever","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cheever AW, Williams ME, Wynn TA, Finkelman FD, Seder RA, Cox TM, Hieny S, Caspar P, Sher A (1994) Anti-IL-4 treatment ofSchistosoma mansoni-infected mice inhibits development of T cells and non-B, non-T cells expressing Th2 cytokines while decreasing egg-induced hepatic fibrosis. J Immunol 153: 753","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7520605","volume":"265","author":"Y Chen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chen Y, Kuchroo VK, Inobe J-L, Hafler DA, Weiner HL (1994) Regulatory T cell clones induced by oral tolerance: suppression of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Science 265: 1237","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.10.1623","volume":"186","author":"RS Chu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chu RS, Targoni OS, Krieg AM, Lehmann PV, Harding CV (1997) CpG oligodeoxynucleotides act as adjuvants that switch on T helper 1 (Th1) immunity. J Exp Med 186: 1623","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.6.1906-1912.1996","volume":"64","author":"MG Cleveland","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cleveland MG, Gorham JD, Murphy TL, Tuomanen E, Murphy KM (1996) Lipoteichoic acid preparations of gram-positive bacteria induce interleukin-12 through a CD14-dependent pathway. Infect Immun 64: 1906","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR34","first-page":"1","volume":"238","author":"RL Coffman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Coffman RL, Mocci S, O'Garra A (1999) The stability and reversibility of Th1 and Th2 populations. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 238: 1","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2787531","volume":"245","author":"RL Coffman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Coffman RL, Seymour BWP, Hudak S, Jackson J, Rennick D (1989) Antibody to interleukin-5 inhibits helminth-induced eosinophilia in mice. Science 245: 308","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5546","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.10.5546","volume":"161","author":"HL Collins","year":"1998","unstructured":"Collins HL, Schaible UE, Rolink A, Kaufmann SHE (1998) Early IL4 induction of bone marrow lymphoid precursor cells by mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan. J Immunol 161: 5546","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.297","volume":"15","author":"SL Constant","year":"1997","unstructured":"Constant SL, Bottomly K (1997) Induction of Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cell responses: the alternative approaches. Annu Rev Immunol 15: 297","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.6.2243","volume":"178","author":"AM Cooper","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cooper AM, Dalton DK, Stewart TA, Griffin JP, Russell DG, Orme IM (1993) Disseminated tuberculosis in interferon gamma gene-disrupted mice. J Exp Med 178: 2243","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.1.39","volume":"186","author":"AM Cooper","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cooper AM, Magram J, Ferrrante J, Orme IM (1997) Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is crucial to the development of protective immunity in mice intravenously infected withMycobacterium tuberculosis. J Exp Med 186: 39","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1086\/515661","volume":"178","author":"PJ Cooper","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cooper PJ, Espinel I, Paredes W, Guderian RH, Nutman TB (1998) Impaired tetanus-specific cellular and Immoral responses following tetanus vaccination in human onchocerciasis: a possible role for interleukin-10. J Infect Dis 178: 1133","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.2.634","volume":"94","author":"LP Cousens","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cousens LP, Orange JS, Su HC, Biron CA (1997) Interferon \u03b1\/\u03b2 inhibition of interleukin-12 and interferon-\u03b3 production in vitro and endogenously during viral infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 634","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199809)28:09<2640::AID-IMMU2640>3.0.CO;2-X","volume":"28","author":"AJ Coyle","year":"1998","unstructured":"Coyle AJ, Kohler G, Tsuyuki S, Brombacher F, Kopf M (1998) Eosinophils are not required to induce airway hyperresponsiveness after nematode infection. Eur J Immunol 28: 2640","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.2.769","volume":"181","author":"AJ Curry","year":"1995","unstructured":"Curry AJ, Else KJ, Jones F, Bancroft A, Grencis RK, Dunne DW (1995) Evidence that cytokine-mediated immune interactions induced bySchistosoma mansoni alter disease outcome in mice concurrently infected withTrichuris muris. J Exp Med 181: 769","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8456300","volume":"259","author":"DK Dalton","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dalton DK, Pitts-Meek S, Keshav S, Figari IS, Bradley A, Stewart TA (1993) Multiple defects of immune cell function in mice with disrupted interferon-\u03b3 genes. Science 259: 1739","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR45","first-page":"66","volume-title":"Th1 and Th2 cells in health and disease","author":"S Daugelat","year":"1996","unstructured":"Daugelat S, Kaufmann SHE (1996) Role of Th1 and Th2 cells in bacterial infections. In: Romagnani S (ed) Th1 and Th2 cells in health and disease. Karger, Basel pp 66\u201397"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5368.1435","volume":"280","author":"R De Jong","year":"1998","unstructured":"De Jong R, Altare F, Haagen IA, Elferink DG, Boer T, Breda Vriesman PJ van, Kabel PJ, Draaisma JM, Dissel JT van, Kroon FP, Casanova JL, Ottenhoff TH (1998) Severe mycobacterial and salmonella infections in interleukin-12 receptor-deficient patients. Science 280: 1435","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310051024","volume":"158","author":"LF De Swert","year":"1999","unstructured":"De Swert LF (1999) Risk factors for allergy. Eur J Pediatr 158: 89","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220622","volume":"22","author":"DW Dunne","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dunne DW, Butterworth AE, Fulford AJ, Kariuki HC, Langley JG, Ouma JH, Capron A, Pierce RJ, Sturrock RF (1992) Immunity after treatment of human schistosomiasis: association between IgE antibodies to adult worm antigens and resistance to reinfection. Eur J Immunol 22: 1483","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113405","volume":"81","author":"T Dyrberg","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dyrberg T, Schwimmbeck PL, Oldstone MB (1988) Inhibition of diabetes in BB rats by virus infection. J Clin Invest 81: 928","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.1.347","volume":"179","author":"KJ Else","year":"1994","unstructured":"Else KJ, Finkelman FD, Maliszewski CR, Grencis RK (1994) Cytokine-mediated regulation of chronic intestinal helminth infection. J Exp Med 179: 347","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR51","first-page":"232","volume":"75","author":"KJ Else","year":"1992","unstructured":"Else KJ, Hultner L, Grencis RK (1992) Cellular immune responses to the murine nematode parasiteTrichuris muris. II. Differential induction of TH-cell subsets in resistant versus susceptible mice. Immunology 75: 232","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(96)80043-X","volume":"195","author":"K Erb","year":"1996","unstructured":"Erb K, Blank C, Ritter U, Bluethmann H, Moll H (1996)Leishmania major infection in major histocompatibility complex class II-deficient mice: CD8+ T cells do not mediate a protective immune response. Immunobiology 195: 243","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.4.561","volume":"187","author":"KJ Erb","year":"1998","unstructured":"Erb KJ, Holloway JW, Sobeck A, Moll H, Le Gros G (1998) Infection of mice withMycobacterium bovis-Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) suppresses allergen-induced airway eosinophilia. J Exp Med 187: 561","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5258.50","volume":"272","author":"DT Fearon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fearon DT, Locksley RM (1996) The instructive role of innate immunity in the acquired immune response. Science 272: 50","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.5.1563","volume":"179","author":"FD Finkelman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Finkelman FD, Madden KB, Cheever AW, Katona IM, Morris SC, Gately MK, Hubbard BR, Gause WC, Urban JF Jr (1994) Effects of interleukin-12 on immune responses and host protection in mice infected with intestinal nematode parasites. J Exp Med 179: 1563","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.505","volume":"15","author":"FD Finkelman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Finkelman FD, Shea-Donohue T, Goldhill J, Sullivan CA, Morris SC, Madden KB, Gause WC, Urban JF (1997) Cytokine regulation of host defense against parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes: lessons from studies with rodent models. Annu Rev Immunol 15: 505","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.2.518","volume":"143","author":"GS Firestein","year":"1989","unstructured":"Firestein GS, Roeder WD, Laxer JA, Townsend KS, Weaver CT, Hom JT, Linton J, Torbett BE, Glasebrook AL (1989) A new murine CD4\u2212 cell subset with an unrestricted cytokine profile. J Immunol 143: 518","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.5.1615","volume":"181","author":"IE Flesch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Flesch IE, Hess JH, Huang S, Aguet M, Rothe J, Bluethmann H, Kaufmann SHE (1995) Early interleukin 12 production by macrophages in response to mycobacterial infection depends on interferon-\u03b3 and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1. J Exp Med 181: 1615","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.4.1847","volume":"152","author":"PO Flores Villanueva","year":"1994","unstructured":"Flores Villanueva PO, Harris TS, Ricklan DE, Stadecker MJ (1994) Macrophages from schistosomal egg granulomas induce unresponsiveness in specific cloned Th-1 lymphocytes in vitro and down-regulate schistosomal granulomatous disease in vivo. J Immunol 152: 1847","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.6.2249","volume":"178","author":"JL Flynn","year":"1993","unstructured":"Flynn JL, Chan J, Triebold KJ, Dalton DK, Stewart TA, Bloom BR (1993) An essential role for interferon gamma in resistance toMycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Exp Med 178: 2249","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90001-2","volume":"2","author":"JL Flynn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Flynn JL, Goldstein MM, Chan J, Triebold KJ, Pfeffer K, Lowenstein CJ, Schreiber R, Mak TW, Bloom BR (1995) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is required in the protective immune response againstMycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. Immunity 2: 561","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.1.411","volume":"157","author":"DM Frucht","year":"1996","unstructured":"Frucht DM, Holland SM (1996) Defective monocyte co-stimulation for IFN-gamma production in familial disseminatedM. avium complex infection: abnormal IL-12 regulation. J Immunol 157: 411","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.16.1.495","volume":"16","author":"MK Gately","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gately MK, Renzetti LM, Magram J, Stern AS, Adorini L, Gubler U, Presky DH (1998) The interleukin-12\/interleukin-12-receptor system: role in normal and pathologic immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol 16: 495","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.1.175","volume":"149","author":"R Gazzinelli","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gazzinelli R, Xu Y, Hieny S, Cheever A, Sher A (1992) Simultaneous depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes is required to reactivate chronic infection withToxoplasma gondii. J Immunol 149: 175","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3672","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.7.3672","volume":"151","author":"RT Gazzinelli","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gazzinelli RT, Eltoum I, Wynn TA, Sher A (1993) Acute cerebral toxoplasmosis is induced by in vivo neutralization of TNF-alpha and correlates with the down-regulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and other markers of macrophage activation. J Immunol 151: 3672","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.2.798","volume":"157","author":"RT Gazzinelli","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gazzinelli RT, Wysocka M, Hieny S, Scharton-Kersten T, Cheever A, Kuhn R, Muller W, Trinchieri G, Sher A (1996) In the absence of endogenous IL-10, mice acutely infected withToxoplasma gondii succumb to a lethal immune response dependent on CD4\u2212 T cells and accompanied by overproduction of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF- alpha. J Immunol 157: 798","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.1.9","volume":"12","author":"JE Gern","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gern JE, Busse WW (1999) Association of rhinovirus infections with asthma. Clin Microbiol Rev 12: 9","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.77.5.384","volume":"77","author":"C Gibbon","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gibbon C, Smith T, Egger P, Betts P, Phillips D (1997) Early infection and subsequent insulin dependent diabetes. Arch Dis Child 77: 384","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80955-1","volume":"96","author":"LH Glimcher","year":"1999","unstructured":"Glimcher LH, Singh H (1999) Transcription factors in lymphocyte development \u2014 T and B cells get together. Cell 96: 13","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12467","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.22.12467","volume":"93","author":"JD Gorham","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gorham JD, Guler ML, Steen RG, Mackey AJ, Daly MJ, Frederick K, Dietrich WF, Murphy KM (1996) Genetic mapping of a murine locus controlling development of T helper 1\/T helper 2 type responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 12467","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/367183a0","volume":"367","author":"AS Gounni","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gounni AS, Lamkhioued B, Ochiai K, Tanaka Y, Delaporte E, Capron A, Kinet JP, Capron M (1994) High-affinity IgE receptor on eosinophils is involved in defense against parasites. Nature 367: 183","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1086\/517832","volume":"177","author":"JL Grogan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Grogan JL, Kremsner PG, Deelder AM, Yazdanbakhsh M (1998) Antigen-specific proliferation and interferon-gamma and interleukin-5 production are down-regulated duringSchistosoma haematobium infection. J Infect Dis 177: 1433","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/39614","volume":"389","author":"H Groux","year":"1997","unstructured":"Groux H, O'Garra A, Bigler M, Rouleau M, Antonenko S, Vries JE de, Roncarolo MG (1997) A CD4+ T -cell subset inhibits antigen-specific T -cell responses and prevents colitis. Nature 389: 737","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.4.1322","volume":"146","author":"J-M Grzych","year":"1991","unstructured":"Grzych J-M, Pearce E, Cheever A, Caulada ZA, Caspar P, Heiny S, Lewis F, Sher A (1991) Egg deposition is the major stimulus for the production of Th2 cytokines in murine schistosomiasis mansoni. J Immunol 146: 1322","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5251.984","volume":"271","author":"ML G\u00fcler","year":"1996","unstructured":"G\u00fcler ML, Gorham JD, Hsieh C-S, Mackey AJ, Steen RG, Dietrich WF, Murphy KM (1996) Genetic susceptibility toLeishmania: IL-12 responsiveness in TH1 cell development. Science 271: 984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.116","volume":"8","author":"P Hagan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hagan P (1996) Immunity and morbidity in infection due toSchistosoma haematobium. Am J Trop Med Hyg 8: 116","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/349243a0","volume":"349","author":"P Hagan","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hagan P, Blumenthal UJ, Dunn D, Simpson AJ, Wilkins HA (1991) Human IgE, IgG4 and resistance to reinfection withSchistosoma haematobium. Nature 349: 243","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.2.646.bloodjournal862646","volume":"86","author":"MP Hayes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hayes MP, Wang J, Norcross MA (1995) Regulation of interleukin-12 expression in human monocytes: selective priming by interferon-gamma of lipopolysaccharide-inducible p35 and p40 genes. Blood 86: 646","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.1.59","volume":"169","author":"FP Heinzel","year":"1989","unstructured":"Heinzel FP, Sadick MD, Holaday BJ, Coffman RL, Locksley RM (1989) Reciprocal expression of interferon-\u03b3 or interleukin 4 during the resolution or progression of murine leishmaniasis. Evidence for expansion of distinct helper T cell subsets. J Exp Med 169: 59","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(98)70030-2","volume":"102","author":"U Herz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Herz U, Gerhold K, Gruber C, Braun A, Wahn U, Renz H, Paul K (1998) BCG infection suppresses allergic sensitization and development of increased airway reactivity in an animal model. J Allergy Clin Immunol 102: 867","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.8.3193","volume":"93","author":"CS Hirsch","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hirsch CS, Hussain R, Toossi Z, Dawood G, Shahid F, Ellner JJ (1996) Cross-modulation by transforming growth factor beta in human tuberculosis: suppression of antigen-driven blastogenesis and interferon gamma production. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 3193","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1313","volume":"284","author":"JA Hoffmann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hoffmann JA, Kafatos FC, Janeway CA, Ezekowitz RA (1999) Phylogenetic perspectives in innate immunity. Science 284: 1313","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2494(97)85224-8","volume":"147","author":"SM Holland","year":"1996","unstructured":"Holland SM (1996) Therapy of mycobacterial infections. Res Immunol 147: 572","journal-title":"Res Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199405123301904","volume":"330","author":"SM Holland","year":"1994","unstructured":"Holland SM, Eisenstein EM, Kuhns BD, Turner ML, Fleisher TA, Strober W, Gatlin JI (1994) Treatment of refractory disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection with interferon gamma. A preliminary report. N Engl J Med 330: 1348","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/288161a0","volume":"288","author":"JG Howard","year":"1980","unstructured":"Howard JG, Hale C, Liew FY (1980) Genetically determined susceptibility to Leishmania tropica infection is expressed by haematopoietic donor cells in mouse radiation chimaeras. Nature 288: 161","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.2.713","volume":"181","author":"C-S Hsieh","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hsieh C-S, Macatonia SE, O'Garra A, Murphy KM (1995) T cell genetic background determines default T helper phenotype development in vitro. J Exp Med 181: 713","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8097338","volume":"260","author":"CS Hsieh","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hsieh CS, Macatonia SE, Tripp CS, Wolf SF, O'Garra A, Murphy KM (1993) Development of TH1 CD4+ T cells through IL-12 produced by Listeria-induced macrophages. Science 260: 547","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.7.3189","volume":"94","author":"LJ Hu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hu LJ, Huang H, Ryan J, Paul WE (1997) In differentiated CD4\u2212 T cells, interleukin 4 production is cytokine-autonomous, whereas interferon gamma production is cytokine-dependent. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 3189","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.8.1305","volume":"187","author":"H Huang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Huang H, Paul WE (1998) Impaired interleukin 4 signaling in T helper type 1 cells. J Exp Med 187: 1305","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4094","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.10.4094-4099.1997","volume":"65","author":"C Infante-Duarte","year":"1997","unstructured":"Infante-Duarte C, Kamradt T (1997) Lipopeptides ofBorrelia burgdorferi outer surface proteins induce Th1 phenotype development in \u03b1\u03b2 TCR transgenic mice. Infect Immun 65: 4094","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.2307\/3275456","volume":"47","author":"LA Jachowski","year":"1961","unstructured":"Jachowski LA, Bingham GA (1961) Influence of trichinosis onSchistosoma mansoni in mice. J Parasitol 47: 719","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3042","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.6.3042","volume":"161","author":"T Jakob","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jakob T, Walker PS, Krieg AM, Udey MC, Vogel JC (1998) Activation of cutaneous dendritic cells by CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides: a role for dendritic cells in the augmentation of Th1 responses by immunostimulatory DNA. J Immunol 161: 3042","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(92)90198-G","volume":"13","author":"CA Janeway Jr","year":"1992","unstructured":"Janeway CA Jr (1992) The immune system evolved to discriminate infectious nonself from noninfectious self. Immunol Today 13: 11","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.4.619","volume":"187","author":"D Jankovic","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jankovic D, Cheever AW, Kullberg MC, Wynn TA, Yap G, Caspar P, Lewis FA, Clynes R, Ravetch JV, Sher A (1998) CD4+ T cell-mediated granulomatous pathology in schistosomiasis is downregulated by a B cell-dependent mechanism requiring Fe receptor signaling. J Exp Med 187: 619","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.3.872-876.1997","volume":"65","author":"A Jepson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jepson A, Banya W, Sisay-Joof F, Hassan-King M, Nunes C, Bennett S, Whittle H (1997) Quantification of the relative contribution of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC genes to human immune responses to foreign antigens. Infect Immun 65: 872","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199612263352604","volume":"335","author":"E Jouanguy","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jouanguy E, Altare F, Lamhamedi S, Revy P, Emile IF, Newport M, Levin M, Blanche S, Seboun S, Fischer A, Casanova JL (1996) Interferon-gamma receptor deficiency in an infant with fatal bacille Calmette-Guerin infection. N Engl J Med 335: 1956","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.6.3231","volume":"162","author":"P Kalinski","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kalinski P, Schuitemaker JH, Hilkens CM, Wierenga EA, Kapsenberg ML (1999) Final maturation of dendritic cells is associated with impaired responsiveness to IFN-gamma and to bacterial IL-12 inducers: decreased ability of mature dendritic cells to produce IL-12 during the interaction with Th cells. J Immunol 162: 3231","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR98","first-page":"904","volume":"20","author":"T Kamradt","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kamradt T (1993) Cell unresponsiveness in lepromatous leprosy. J Rheumatol 20: 904","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR99","first-page":"6","volume":"25","author":"T Kamradt","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kamradt T, Burmester G-R (1998) Cytokines and arthritis: is the Th1\/Th2 paradigm useful for understanding pathogenesis? J Rheumatol 25: 6","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR100","first-page":"64","volume":"3","author":"T Kamradt","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kamradt T, Niese D (1987) Miliare Tuberkulose und AIDS. Gazette Medicale 3: 64","journal-title":"Gazette Medicale"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2494(97)85223-6","volume":"147","author":"G Kaplan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kaplan G, Freedman VH (1997) The role of cytokines in the immune response to tuberculosis. Res Immunol 147: 565","journal-title":"Res Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3206","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.9.3206","volume":"140","author":"IM Katona","year":"1988","unstructured":"Katona IM, Urban JFJ, Finkelman FD (1988) The role of L3T4+ and Lyt2+ T cells in the IgE response and immunity toNippostrongylus brasiliensis. J Immunol 140: 3206","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR103","first-page":"21","volume":"70","author":"SHE Kaufmann","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kaufmann SHE, Andersen P (1998) Immunity to mycobacteria with emphasis on tuberculosis: implications for rational design of an effective tuberculosis vaccine. Chem Immunol 70: 21","journal-title":"Chem Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(95)80018-2","volume":"16","author":"PM Kaye","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kaye PM (1995) Costimulation and the regulation of antimicrobial immunity. Immunol Today 16: 423","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250506","volume":"25","author":"A Kelso","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kelso A, Groves P, Troutt AB, Francis K (1995) Evidence for the stochastic acquisition of cytokine profile by CD4\u2212 T cells activated in a T helper type 2-like response in vivo. Eur J Immunol 25: 1168","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4715","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.12.4715","volume":"156","author":"CL King","year":"1996","unstructured":"King CL, Medhat A, Malhotra I, Nafeh M, Helmy A, Khaudray J, Ibrahim S, El-Sherbiny M, Zaky S, Stupi RJ, Brustoski K, Shehata M, Shata MT (1996) Cytokine control of parasite-specific anergy in human urinary schistosomiasis. IL-10 modulates lymphocyte reactivity. J Immunol 156: 4715","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.6.2555","volume":"160","author":"JN Kline","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kline JN, Waldschmidt TJ, Businga TR, Lemish JE, Weinstock IV, Thorne PS, Krieg AM (1998) Modulation of airway inflammation by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in a murine model of asthma. J Immunol 160: 2555","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.3.1127","volume":"184","author":"M Kopf","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kopf M, Brombacher F, Kohler G, Kienzle G, Widmann KH, Lefrang K, Humborg C, Ledermann B, Solbach W (1996) IL-4-deficient BALB\/c mice resist infection withLeishmania major. J Exp Med 184:1127","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(99)80003-X","volume":"11","author":"EB Kopp","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kopp EB, Medzhitov R (1999) The Toll-receptor family and control of innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 11: 13","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1995.tb01018.x","volume":"17","author":"K Koyama","year":"1995","unstructured":"Koyama K, Tamauchi H, Ito Y (1995) The role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in protective immunity to the murine nematode parasiteTrichuris muris. Parasite Immunol 17: 161","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.10.3264","volume":"148","author":"MC Kullberg","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kullberg MC, Pearce EJ, Hieny SE, Sher A, Berzofsky JA (1992) Infection withSchistosoma mansoni alters Th1\/Th2 cytokine responses to a non-parasite antigen. J Immunol 148: 3264","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(98)00009-4","volume":"9","author":"JJ Lafaille","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lafaille JJ (1998) The role of helper T cell subsets in autoimmune diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Reviews 9: 139","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Reviews"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119162","volume":"99","author":"DH Library","year":"1997","unstructured":"Library DH, Airan LE, Uyemera K, Jullien D, Spellberg B, Rea TH, Modlin RL (1997) Interferon-\u03b3 differentially regulates interleukin-12 and interleukin-10 production in leprosy. J Clin Invest 99: 336","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(06)00111-4","volume":"7","author":"AH Lichtman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lichtman AH, Abbas AK (1997) T-cell subsets: recruiting the right kind of help. Curr Biol 7: R242","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.2.597","volume":"184","author":"O Liesenfeld","year":"1996","unstructured":"Liesenfeld O, Kosek J, Remington JS, Suzuki Y (1996) Association of CD4\u2212 T cell-dependent, interferon-\u03b3-mediated necrosis of the small intestine with genetic susceptibility of mice to peroral infection withToxoplasma gondii. J Exp Med 184: 597","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.4.1351-1356.1996","volume":"64","author":"Y Lin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lin Y, Zhang M, Hofman FM, Gong J, Barnes PF (1996) Absence of a prominent Th2 cytokine response in human tuberculosis. Infect Immun 64: 1351","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3882","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.7.3882","volume":"162","author":"M L\u00f6hning","year":"1999","unstructured":"L\u00f6hning M, Grogan JL, Coyle AJ, Meisel C, Yazdanbakhsh M, Gutierrez-Ramos JC, Radbruch A, Kamradt T (1999) Expression of T1\/ST2 is enhanced on CD4+ T cells from schistosome egg-induced granulomas: Analysis of T helper cell cytokine co-expression ex vivo. J Immunol 162: 3882","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6930","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.6930","volume":"95","author":"M L\u00f6hning","year":"1998","unstructured":"L\u00f6hning M, Stroehmann A, Coyle AJ, Grogan JL, Lin S, Gutierrez-Ramos JC, Levinson D, Radbruch A, Kamradt T (1998) T1\/ST2 is preferentially expressed on murine Th2 cells, independent of IL-4, 1L-5, and IL-10, and important for Th2 effector function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 6930","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(89)80045-2","volume":"179","author":"M Lohoff","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lohoff M, Sommer F, Solbach W, R\u00f6llinghoff M (1989) Coexistence of antigen-specific Th1 and Th2 cells in genetically susceptible BALB\/c mice infected withLeishmania major. Immunobiology 179: 412","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.2307\/3275401","volume":"48","author":"CD Louch","year":"1962","unstructured":"Louch CD (1962) Increased resistance to Trichinella spiralis in the laboratory rat following infection withNippostrongylus muris. J Parasitol 48: 24","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.1.9606081","volume":"156","author":"NR Lynch","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lynch NR, Palenque M, Hagel I, DiPrisco MC (1997) Clinical improvement of asthma after anthelminthic treatment in a tropical situation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156: 50","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.1.147","volume":"183","author":"X Ma","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ma X, Chow JM, Gri G, Carra G, Gerosa F, Wolf SF, Dzialo R, Trinchieri G (1996) The interleukin 12 p40 gene promotor is primed by interferon gamma in monocytic cells. J Exp Med 183: 147","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5071","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.10.5071","volume":"154","author":"SE Macatonia","year":"1995","unstructured":"Macatonia SE, Hosken NA, Litton M, Vieira P, Hsieh CS, Culpepper JA, Wysocka M, Trinchieri G, Murphy KM, O'Garra A (1995) Dendritic cells produce IL-12 and direct the development of Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells. J Immunol 154: 5071","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.4.1387","volume":"147","author":"KB Madden","year":"1991","unstructured":"Madden KB, Urban JF Jr, Ziltener HJ, Schrader JW, Finkelman FD, Katonea IM (1991) Antibodies to IL-3 and IL-4 suppress helminth-induced intestinal mastocytosis. J Immunol 147: 1387","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1096-181","volume":"14","author":"S Marquet","year":"1996","unstructured":"Marquet S, Abel L, Hillaire D, Dessein H, Kalil J, Feingold J, Weissenbach J, Dessein AJ (1996) Genetic localization of a locus controlling the intensity of infection bySchistosoma mansoni on chromosome 5q31-q33. Nat Genet 14: 181","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.54.3.820-826.1986","volume":"54","author":"RC Mathew","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mathew RC, Boros DL (1986) Anti L3T4 antibody treatment suppresses hepatic granuloma formation and abrogates antigen-induced interleukin 2 production inSchistosoma mansoni infection. Infect Immun 54: 820","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4356","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.11.4356","volume":"144","author":"RC Mathew","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mathew RC, Ragheb S, Boros DL (1990) Recombinant IL-2 therapy reverses diminished granulomatous responsiveness in anti-L3T4-treated,Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. J Immunol 144: 4356","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7086.999","volume":"314","author":"PM Matricardi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Matricardi PM, Rosmini F, Ferrigno L, Nisini R, Rapicetta M, Chionne P, Stroffolini T, Pasquini P, D'Amelio R (1997) Cross sectional retrospective study of prevalence of atopy among Italian military students with antibodies against hepatitis A virus. Br Med J 314: 999","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(98)80024-1","volume":"10","author":"R Medzhitov","year":"1998","unstructured":"Medzhitov R, Janeway CA Jr (1998) An ancient system of host defense. Curr Opin Immunol 10: 12","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830200927","volume":"20","author":"H Moll","year":"1990","unstructured":"Moll H, R\u00f6llinghoff M (1990) Resistance to murine cutaneous leishmaniasis is mediated by Th1 cells, but disease-promoting CD4+ cells are different from Th2 cells. Eur J Immunol 20: 2067","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(96)80606-2","volume":"17","author":"TR Mosmann","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mosmann TR, Sad S (1996) The expanding universe of T -cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more. Immunol Today 17: 138","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.3.901","volume":"183","author":"E Murphy","year":"1996","unstructured":"Murphy E, Shibuya K, Hosken N, Openshaw P, Maino V, Davis K, Murphy K, O'Garra A (1996) Reversibility of T helper 1 and 2 populations is lost after long-term stimulation. J Exp Med 183: 901","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR133","first-page":"13","volume":"238","author":"KM Murphy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Murphy KM, Ouyang W, Szabo SJ, Jacobson NG, Guler ML, Gorham JD, Goblet U, Murphy TL (1999) T helper differentiation proceeds through Star 1-dependent, Stat4- dependent and Stat4-independent phases. Curr Top Microbial Immunol 238: 13","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbial Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3142","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.8.3142","volume":"92","author":"GS Nabors","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nabors GS, Afonso LCC, Farrell JP, Scott P (1995) Switch from a type 2 to a type 1 T helper cell response and cure of establishedLeishmania major infection in mice is induced by combined therapy with interleukin 12 and Pentostam. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 3142","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.3.1085","volume":"158","author":"T Nakamura","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nakamura T, Kamogawa Y, Bottomly K, Flavell RA (1997) Polarization of 1L-4 and IFN-\u0393-producing CD4+ T cells following activation of naive CD4+ T cells. J Immunol 158: 1085","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.6.2648","volume":"158","author":"T Nakamura","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nakamura T, Lee RK, Nam SY, Podack ER, Bottomly K, Flavell RA (1997) Roles of 1L-4 and IFN-\u03b3 in stabilizing the T helper cell type 1 and 2 phenotype. J Immunol 158: 2648","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198607033150102","volume":"316","author":"CF Nathan","year":"1986","unstructured":"Nathan CF, Kaplan G, Lewis WR, Levis WR, Nusrat A, Witmer MD, Sherwin SA, Job CK, Horowitz CR, Steinman RM, Cohn ZA (1986) Local and systemic effects of intradermal recombinant interferon-\u03b3 in patients with lepromatous leprosy. N Engl J Med 316: 6","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199612263352602","volume":"335","author":"MJ Newport","year":"1996","unstructured":"Newport MJ, Huxley CM, Huston S, Hawrylowicz CM, Oostra BA, Williamson R, Levin M (1996) A mutation in the interferon gamma receptor gene and susceptibility to mycobacterial infection. N Engl J Med 335: 1941","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5251.987","volume":"271","author":"N Noben-Trauth","year":"1996","unstructured":"Noben-Trauth N, Kropf P, M\u00fcller I (1996) Susceptibility toLeishmania major infection in interleukin-4-deficient mice. Science 271: 987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80533-6","volume":"8","author":"A O'Garra","year":"1998","unstructured":"O'Garra A (1998) Cytokines induce the development of functionally heterogenous T helper subsets. Immunity 8: 275","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/378088a0","volume":"378","author":"H Okamura","year":"1995","unstructured":"Okamura H, Tsutsui H, Komatsu T, Yutsudo M, Hakura A, Tanimoto T, Torigoe K, Okura T, Nukada Y, Hattori K, Akita K, Namba M, Tanabe F, Konishi K, Fukuda S, Kurimoto M (1995) Cloning of a new cytokine that induces IFN-\u03b3 production by T cells. Nature 378: 88","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3277269","volume":"239","author":"MB Oldstone","year":"1998","unstructured":"Oldstone MB (1998) Prevention of type I diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice by virus infection. Science 239: 500","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.5.1357","volume":"182","author":"P Openshaw","year":"1995","unstructured":"Openshaw P, Murphy EE, Hosken NA, Maino V, Davis K, Murphy K, O'Garra A (1995) Heterogeneity of intracellular cytokine synthesis at the single-cell level in polarized T helper I and T helper 2 populations. J Exp Med 182: 1357","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/152.4_Pt_2.S59","volume":"152","author":"PJ Openshaw","year":"1995","unstructured":"Openshaw PJ (1995) Immunity and immunopathology to respiratory syncytial virus. The mouse model. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152: S59","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.3.1138","volume":"156","author":"JS Orange","year":"1996","unstructured":"Orange JS, Biron CA (1996) An absolute and restricted requirement for IL-12 in natural killer cell IFN-\u03b3 production and antiviral defense: studies of natural killer and T cell responses in contrasting viral infections. J Immunol 156: 1138","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.4.1364-1369.1997","volume":"65","author":"IP Oswald","year":"1997","unstructured":"Oswald IP, Dozois CM, Petit J-F, Lemaire G (1997) Interleukin-12 synthesis is a required step in trehalose dimycolate-induced activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Infect Immun 65: 1364","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220640","volume":"22","author":"P Parronchi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Parronchi P, De Carli M, Manetti R, Simonelli C, Piccinni MP, Macchia D, Maggi E, Del Prete G, Ricci M, Romagnani S (1992) Aberrant interleukin (IL)-4 and 1L-5 production in vitro by CD4+ helper T cells from atopic subjects. Eur J Immunol 22: 1615","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.1.159","volume":"173","author":"EJ Pearce","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pearce EJ, Caspar P, Grzych J-M, Lewis FA, Sher A (1991) Downregulation of Th1 cytokine production accompanies induction of Th2 responses by a parasitic helminth,Schistosoma mansoni. J Exp Med 173: 159","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4857","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.9.4857","volume":"151","author":"E Pearlman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pearlman E, Kazura JW, Hazlett FEJ, Boom WH (1993) Modulation of murine cytokine responses to mycobacterial antigens by helminth-induced T helper 2 cell responses. J Immunol 151: 4857","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/7.5.869","volume":"7","author":"VL Perez","year":"1995","unstructured":"Perez VL, Lederer JA, Lichtman AH, Abbas AK (1995) Stability of Th1 and Th2 populations. Int Immunol 7:869","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116341","volume":"91","author":"C Pirmez","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pirmez C, Yamamura M, Uyemura K, Paes-Oliveira M, Conceicao-Silva F, Modlin RL (1993) Cytokine patterns in the pathogenesis of human leishmaniasis. J Clin Invest 91: 1390","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80064-3","volume":"10","author":"M Plebanski","year":"1999","unstructured":"Plebanski M, Flanagan KL, Lee EA, Reece WH, Hart K, Gelder C, Gillespie G, Pinder M, Hill AV (1999) Interleukin 10-mediated immunosuppression by a variant CD4 T cell epitope ofPlasmodium falciparum. Immunity 10: 651","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830271024","volume":"27","author":"P Probst","year":"1997","unstructured":"Probst P, Skeiky YAW, Steeves M, Gervassi A, Grabstein KH, Reed SG (1997) ALeishmania protein that modulates interleukin (IL)-12, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 production and expression of B7-1 in human monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells. Eur J Immunol 27: 2634","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.3.572","volume":"22","author":"I Raad","year":"1996","unstructured":"Raad I, Hachem R, Leeds N, Sawaya R, Salem Z, Atweh S (1996) Use of adjunctive treatment with interferon-gamma in an immunocompromised patient who had refractory multidrug-resistant tuberculosis of the brain. Clin Infect Dis 22: 572","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1996.4139","volume":"85","author":"EL Racoosin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Racoosin EL, Beverley SM (1997)Leishmania major: promastigotes induce expression of a subset of chemokine genes in murine macrophages. Exp Parasitol 85: 283","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4994","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.10.4994","volume":"160","author":"E Rakasz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rakasz E, Blum AM, Metwali A, Elliott DE, Li J, Ballas ZK, Qadir K, Lynch R, Weinstock JV (1998) Localization and regulation of IFN-\u03b3 production within the granulomas of murine schistosomiasis in IL-4-deficient and control mice. J Immunol 160: 4994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.13.040195.001055","volume":"13","author":"SL Reiner","year":"1995","unstructured":"Reiner SL, Locksley RM (1995) The regulation of immunity toLeishmania major. Annu Rev Immunol 13: 151","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830211106","volume":"21","author":"P Rihet","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rihet P, Demeure CE, Bourgois A, Prata A, Dessein AJ (1991) Evidence for an association between human resistance toSchistosoma mansoni and high anti-larval IgE levels. Eur J Immunol 21: 2679","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.3.897-904.1996","volume":"64","author":"CW Roberts","year":"1996","unstructured":"Roberts CW, Ferguson DJ, Jebbari H, Satoskar A, Bluethmann H, Alexander J (1996) Different roles for interleukin-4 during the course ofToxoplasma gondii infection. Infect Immun 64: 897","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80378-7","volume":"7","author":"D Robinson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Robinson D, Shibuya K, Mui A, Zonin F, Murphy E, Sana T, Hartley SB, Menon S, Kastelein R, Bazan F, O'Garra A (1997) IGIF does not drive Th1 development but synergizes with IL-12 for interferongamma production and activates IRAK and NFkappaB. Immunity 7: 571","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR161","first-page":"453","volume":"59","author":"V Rodrigues Jr","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rodrigues V Jr, Abel L, Piper K, Dessein AJ (1996) Segregation analysis indicates a major gene in the control of interleukine-5 production in humans infected withSchistosoma mansoni. Am J Hum Genet 59: 453","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.5.825","volume":"185","author":"L Rogge","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rogge L, Barberis-Maino L, Biffi M, Passini N, Presky DH, Goblet U, Sinigaglia F (1997) Selective expression of an interleukin-12 receptor component by human T helper cells. J Exp Med 185: 825","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0897-849","volume":"3","author":"M Roman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Roman M, Martin-Orozco E, Goodman JS, Nguyen MD, Sato Y, Ronaghy A, Kornbluth RS, Richman DD, Carson DA, Raz E (1997) Immunostimulatory DNA sequences function as T helper-1-promoting adjuvants. Nat Med 3: 849","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.1.269","volume":"173","author":"EA Sabin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sabin EA, Araujo MI, Carvalho EM, Pearce EJ (1996) Impairment of tetanus toxoid-specific Th1-like immune responses in humans infected withSchistosoma mansoni. J Infect Dis 173: 269","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.171.1.115","volume":"171","author":"MD Sadick","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sadick MD, Heinzel FP, Holaday BJ, Pit RT, Dawkins RS, Locksley RM (1990) Cure of murine leishmaniasis with anti-interleukin 4 monoclonal antibody. Evidence for a T cell-dependent, interferon gamma-independent mechanism. J Exp Med 171: 115","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1126\/science.254.5029.279","volume":"254","author":"PR Salgame","year":"1991","unstructured":"Salgame PR, Abrams JS, Clayberger C, et al. (1991) Differing lymphokine profiles of functional subsets of human CD4 and CD8 T cell clones. Science 254: 279","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.4.611","volume":"189","author":"F Sallusto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A (1999) Mobilizing dendritic cells for tolerance, priming, and chronic inflammation. J Exp Med 189: 611","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260233","volume":"26","author":"E Sartono","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sartono E, Kruize YCM, Kurniawan A, Maizels RM, Yazdanbakhsh M (1996) In Th2-biased lymphatic filarial patients, responses to purified protein derivate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis remain Th1. Eur J Immunol 26: 501","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60405-8","volume":"71","author":"UE Schaible","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schaible UE, Collins HL, Kaufmann SH (1999) Confrontation between intracellular bacteria and the immune system. Adv Immunol 71: 267","journal-title":"Adv Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.7.1261","volume":"185","author":"TM Scharton-Kersten","year":"1997","unstructured":"Scharton-Kersten TM, Yap G, Magram J, Sher A (1997) Inducible nitric oxide is essential for host control of persistent but not acute infection with the intracellular pathogenToxoplasma gondii. J Exp Med 185: 1261","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3958","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.8.3958","volume":"160","author":"VECJ Schijns","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schijns VECJ, Haagmans BL, Wierda CMH, Kruithof B, Heijnen IAFM, Alber G, Horzinek MC (1998) Mice lacking IL-12 develop polarized Th1 cells during viral infection. J Immunol 160: 3958","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.4.1349","volume":"179","author":"J Schmitz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schmitz J, Thiel A, Kohn R, Rajewski K, M\u00fcller W, Assenmacher M, Radbruch A (1994) Induction of interleukin 4 (IL-4) expression in T helper (Th) cells is not dependent on IL-4 from non-Th cells. J Exp Med 179: 1349","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4207","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.7.4207","volume":"162","author":"J Schwarze","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schwarze J, Cieslewicz G, Joetham A, Ikemura T, Hamelmann E, Gelfand EW (1999) CD8 T cells are essential in the development of respiratory syncytial virus-induced lung eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness. J Immunol 162: 4207","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119516","volume":"100","author":"J Schwarze","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schwarze J, Hamelmann E, Bradley KL, Takeda K, Gelfand EW (1997) Respiratory syncytial virus infection results in airway hyperresponsiveness and enhanced airway sensitization to allergen. J Clin Invest 100: 226","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.168.5.1675","volume":"168","author":"P Scott","year":"1988","unstructured":"Scott P, Natovitz P, Coffman RL, Pearce E, Sher A (1988) Immunoregulation of cutaneous leishmaniasis. T cell lines that transfer protective immunity or exacerbation belong to different T helper subsets and respond to distinct parasite antigens. J Exp Med 168: 1675","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.4.537","volume":"187","author":"BM Segal","year":"1998","unstructured":"Segal BM, Dwyer BK, Shevach EM (1998) An interleukin (IL)-10\/IL-12 immunoregulatory circuit controls susceptibility to autoimmune disease. J Exp Med 187: 537","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5087","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.11.5087","volume":"158","author":"BM Segal","year":"1997","unstructured":"Segal BM, Klinman DM, Shevach EM (1997) Microbial products induce autoimmune disease by an IL-12-dependent pathway. J Immunol 158: 5087","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91617-7","volume":"347","author":"SO Shaheen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shaheen SO, Aaby P, Hall AJ, Barker DJ, Heyes CB, Shiell AW Goudiaby A (1996) Measles and atopy in Guinea-Bissau. Lancet 347: 1792","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91583-0","volume":"343","author":"N Shehadeh","year":"1994","unstructured":"Shehadeh N, Calcinaro F, Bradley BJ, Bruchlim I, Vardi P, Lafferty KJ (1994) Effect of adjuvant therapy on development of diabetes in mouse and man. Lancet 343: 706","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.10.040192.002125","volume":"10","author":"A Sher","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sher A, Coffman RL (1992) Regulation of immunity to parasites by T cells and T cell-derived cytokines. Annu Rev Immunol 10: 385","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5296.77","volume":"275","author":"T Shirakawa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shirakawa T, Enomoto T, Shimazu S, Hopkin JM (1997) The inverse association between tuberculin responses and atopic disorder. Science 275: 77","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.4.1527","volume":"181","author":"YAW Skeiky","year":"1995","unstructured":"Skeiky YAW, Guderian JA, Benson DR, Bacelar O, Carvalho EM, Kubin MK, Badaro R, Trinchieri G, Reed SG (1995) A recombinantLeishmania antigen that stimulates human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to express a Th1-type cytokine profile and to produce interleukin 12. J Exp Med 181: 1527","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.2.473","volume":"184","author":"T Somasse","year":"1996","unstructured":"Somasse T, Larenas PV, Davis KA, Vries JE de, Yssel H (1996) Differentiation and stability of T helper 1 and 2 cells derived from naive human neonatal CD4+ T cells, analyzed at the single-cell level. J Exp Med 184: 473","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.11.1819","volume":"186","author":"CR Sousa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sousa CR, Hieny S, Scharton-Kersten T, Jankovic D, Charest H, Germain RN, Sher A (1997) In vivo microbial stimulation induces rapid CD40 ligand-independent production of interleukin 12 by dendritic cells and their redistribution to T cell areas. J Exp Med 186: 1819","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/386336a0","volume":"386","author":"T Sparwasser","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sparwasser T, Miethke T, Lipford G, Borschert K, Hacker H, Heeg K, Wagner H (1997) Bacterial DNA causes septic shock. Nature 386: 336","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.4.1501","volume":"183","author":"S Stenger","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stenger S, Donhauser N, Thuring H, R\u00f6llinghof M, Bogdan C (1996) Reactivation of latent leishmaniasis by inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase. J Exp Med 183: 1501","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.6.2045","volume":"143","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"1989","unstructured":"Suzuki Y, Conley FK, Remington IS (1989) Importance of endogenous IFN-gamma for prevention of toxoplasmic encephalitis in mice. J Immunol 143: 2045","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.5.1954","volume":"144","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"1990","unstructured":"Suzuki Y, Remington JS (1990) The effect of anti-IFN-gamma antibody on the protective effect of Lyt- 2+ immune T cells against toxoplasmosis in mice. J Immunol 144: 1954","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.3.961","volume":"181","author":"K Swihart","year":"1995","unstructured":"Swihart K, Fruth U, Messmer N, Hug K, Behin R, Huang S, Del Giudice G, Aguet M, Louis JA (1995) Mice from a genetically resistant background lacking the interferon gamma receptor are susceptible to infection withLeishmania major but mount a polarized T helper cell 1-type CD4\u2212 T cell response. J Exp Med 181: 961","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.5.817","volume":"185","author":"SJ Szabo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Szabo SJ, Dighe AS, Gubler U, Murphy KM (1997) Regulation of the interleukin (IL)-12R \u03b22 subunit expression in developing T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells. J Exp Med 185: 817","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90011-X","volume":"2","author":"SJ Szabo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Szabo SJ, Jacobsen NG, Dighe AS, Gabler U, Murphy KM (1995) Developmental commitment to the Th2 lineage by extinction of IL-12 signaling. Immunity 2: 665","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80543-9","volume":"8","author":"K Takeda","year":"1998","unstructured":"Takeda K, Tsutsui H, Yoshimoto T, Adachi O, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T, Okamura H, Nakanishi K, Akira S (1998) Defective NK cell activity and Th1 response in IL-18-deficient mice. Immunity 8: 383","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR193","first-page":"221","volume":"215","author":"Z Toossi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Toossi Z, Ellner JJ (1996) Mechanisms of anergy in tuberculosis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 215: 221","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.1.465","volume":"154","author":"Z Toossi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Toossi Z, Gogate P, Shiratsuchi H, Young T, Ellner JJ (1996) Enhanced production of TGF-\u03b2 by blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis and presence of TGF-\u03b2 in tuberculous granulomatous lung lesions. J Immunol 154: 465","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3725","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.8.3725","volume":"90","author":"CS Tripp","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tripp CS, Wolf SF, Unanue ER (1993) Interleukin 12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha are co-stimulators of interferon gamma production by natural killer cells in severe combined immunodeficiency mice with listeriosis, and interleukin 10 is a physiologic antagonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 3725","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/21900","volume":"400","author":"BC Urban","year":"1999","unstructured":"Urban BC, Ferguson DJ, Pain A, Willcox N, Plebanski M, Austyn JM, Roberts DJ (1999)Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes modulate the maturation of dendritic cells. Nature 400: 73","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4675","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.9.4675","volume":"154","author":"IF Urban Jr","year":"1995","unstructured":"Urban IF Jr, Maliszewski CR, Madden KB, Katona IM, Finkelman FD (1995) IL-4 treatment can cure established gastrointestinal nematode infections in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. J Immunol 154: 4675","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80477-X","volume":"8","author":"IF Urban Jr","year":"1998","unstructured":"Urban IF Jr, Noben-Trauth N, Donaldson D, Madden KB, Morris SC, Collins M, Finkelman FD (1998) IL-13, IL-4Ralpha, and stat6 are required for the expulsion of the gastrointestinal nematode parasiteNippostrongylus braziliensis. Immunity 8: 255","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(91)90074-7","volume":"73","author":"JFJ Urban","year":"1991","unstructured":"Urban JFJ, Katona IM, Finkelman FD (1991)Heligmosomoides polygyrus: CD4+ but not CD8\u2212 T cells regulate the IgE response and protective immunity in mice. Exp Parasitol 73: 500","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5560","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.11.5560","volume":"158","author":"TC Van der Pouw Kraan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Van der Pouw Kraan TC, Boeije LC, Groot ER de, Stapel SO, Snijders A, Kapsenberg ML, Zee IS van der, Aarden LA (1997) Reduced production of IL-12 and IL-12-dependent IFN-\u03b3 release in patients with allergic asthma. J Immunol 158: 5560","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.1.18","volume":"91","author":"P Velupillai","year":"1994","unstructured":"Velupillai P, Harn DA (1994) Oligosaccharide-specific induction of interleukin 10 production by B220+ cells from schistosome-infected mice: a mechanism for regulation of CD4+ T-cell subsets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 18","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.6.2919","volume":"158","author":"V Verhasselt","year":"1997","unstructured":"Verhasselt V, Buelens C, Willems F, De Groote D, Haeffner-Cavaillon H, Goldman M (1997) Bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulates the production of cytokines and the expression of costimulatory molecules by human peripheral blood dendritic cells: evidence for a soluble CD14-dependent pathway. J Immunol 158: 2919","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.4.2077","volume":"151","author":"ZE Wang","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wang ZE, Reiner SL, Hatam F, Heinzel FP, Bouvier F, Turck CW, Locksley RM (1993) Targeted activation of CD8 cells and infection of beta 2-microglobulin- deficient mice fail to confirm a primary protective role for CD8 cells in experimental leishmaniasis. J Immunol 151: 2077","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.4.1367","volume":"179","author":"ZE Wang","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wang ZE, Reiner SL, Zheng S, Dalton DK, Locksley RM (1994) CD4+ effector cells default to the Th2 pathway in interferon gamma- deficient mice infected withLeishmania major. J Exp Med 179: 1367","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/375408a0","volume":"375","author":"XQ Wei","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wei XQ, Charles IG, Smith A, Ure J, Feng GJ, Huang FP, Xu D, Muller W, Moncada S, Liew FY (1995) Altered immune responses in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase. Nature 375: 408","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.3.1151","volume":"183","author":"LM Wetzler","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wetzler LM, Ho Y, Reiser H (1996) Neisserial porins induce B lymphocytes to express costimulatory B7-2 molecules to proliferate. J Exp Med 183: 1151","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/376594a0","volume":"376","author":"TA Wynn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wynn TA, Cheever AW, Jankovic D, Poindexter RW, Caspar P, Lewis FA, Sher A (1995) An IL-12based vaccination method for preventing fibrosis induced by schistosome infection. Nature 376: 594","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.3.1430","volume":"151","author":"TA Wynn","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wynn TA, Eltoum I, Cheever AW, Lewis FA, Gause WC, Sher A (1993) Analysis of cytokine mRNA expression during primary granuloma formation induced by eggs ofSchistosoma mansoni. J Immunol 151: 1430","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.5.1551","volume":"179","author":"TA Wynn","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wynn TA, Eltoum I, Oswald IP, Cheever AW, Sher A (1994) Endogenous interleukin 12 (IL-12) regulates granuloma formation induced by eggs ofSchistosoma mansoni and exogenous IL-12 both inhibits and prophylactically immunizes against egg pathology. J Exp Med 179: 1551","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.5.787","volume":"187","author":"D Xu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Xu D, Chan WL, Leung BP, Huang F, Wheeler R, Piedrafita D, Robinson JH, Liew FY (1998) Selective expression of a stable cell surface molecule on type 2 but not type 1 helper T cells. J Exp Med 187: 787","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1992.tb02102.x","volume":"36","author":"S Yamamoto","year":"1992","unstructured":"Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Shimada S, Kuramoto E, Yano O, Kataoka T, Tokunaga T (1992) DNA from bacteria, but not from vertebrates, induces interferons, activates natural killer cells and inhibits tumor growth. Microbiol Immunol 36: 983","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1126\/science.254.5029.277","volume":"254","author":"M Yamamura","year":"1991","unstructured":"Yamamura M, Uyemura K, Deans RJ, Weinberg K, Rea TH, Bloom BR, Modlin RL (1991) Defining protective responses to pathogens: cytokine profiles in leprosy lesions. Science 254: 277","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.7.2583-2586.1997","volume":"65","author":"G Yap","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yap G, Cheever A, Caspar P, Jankovic D, Sher A (1997) Unimpaired down-modulation of the hepatic granulomatous response in CD8 T -cell- and gamma interferon-deficient mice chronically infected withSchistosoma mansoni. Infect Immun 65: 2583","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(98)00133-3","volume":"65","author":"M Yazdanbakhsh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yazdanbakhsh M (1999) Common features of T cell reactivity in persistent helminth infections: lymphatic filariasis and schistosomiasis. Immunol Lett 65: 109","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"BF00812260_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.5.1953-1955.1997","volume":"65","author":"A Yoshida","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yoshida A, Koide Y (1997) Arabinofuranosyl-terminated and mannosylated lipoarabinomannans fromMycobacterium tuberculosis induce different levels of interleukin-12 expression in murine macrophages. Infect Immun 65: 1953","journal-title":"Infect Immun"}],"container-title":["Springer Seminars in Immunopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00812260.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00812260\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00812260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00812260.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]],"date-time":"2023-04-30T21:10:00Z","timestamp":1682889000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF00812260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"references-count":215,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]}},"alternative-id":["BF00812260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00812260","relation":{},"ISSN":["0344-4325","1432-2196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0344-4325","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2196","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}