{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T01:14:06Z","timestamp":1773278046335,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]],"date-time":"1995-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":788918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf00887818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,28]],"date-time":"2004-12-28T09:39:18Z","timestamp":1104226758000},"page":"69-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Focal brain lesions in patients with AIDS: Aetiologies and corresponding radiological patterns in a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"Helmuth","family":"Steinmetz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Arendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Hefter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Neuen-Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"D\ufffdrries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albrecht","family":"Aulich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"CR1","unstructured":"AIDS-Zentrum im Bundesgesundheitsamt (1991) AIDS\/HIV 1991 ? Bericht zur epidemiologischen Situation in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland zum 31.12.1991"},{"key":"CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00314650","volume":"238","author":"G Arendt","year":"1991","unstructured":"Arendt G, Hefter H, Figge C, Neuen-Jacob E, Nelles H-W, Elsing C, Freund H-J (1991) Two cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients mimicking HIV-related dementia. J Neurol 238:439?442","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1985.04060020047014","volume":"42","author":"LW Blum","year":"1985","unstructured":"Blum LW, Chambers RA, Schwartzman RJ, Streletz LJ (1985) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Arch Neurol 42:137?139","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"CR4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control (1992) HIV\/AIDS surveillance report ? U.S. cases reported through December 1991"},{"key":"CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.175.1.2315479","volume":"175","author":"HS Chrysikopoulos","year":"1990","unstructured":"Chrysikopoulos HS, Press GA, Grate MR, Hesselink JR, Wiley CA (1990) Encephalitis caused by human immunodeficiency virus: CT and MR imaging manifestations with clinical and pathological correlation. Radiology 175:185?191","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.73.5.0720","volume":"73","author":"SF Ciricillo","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ciricillo SF, Rosenblum ML (1990) Use of CT and MR imaging to distinguish intracranial lesions and to define the need for biopsy in AIDS patients. J Neurosurg 73:720?724","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.179.3.2027999","volume":"179","author":"TS Dina","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dina TS (1991) Primary central nervous system lymphoma versus toxoplasmosis in AIDS. Radiology 179:823?828","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"CR8","first-page":"51","volume":"10","author":"C Elsner","year":"1991","unstructured":"Elsner C, D\ufffdrries K (1991) Persistent polyomavirus infection in kidney tissue of patients with diseases other than progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Virology-Life Sci Adv 10:51?61","journal-title":"Virology-Life Sci Adv"},{"key":"CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/111.2.245","volume":"111","author":"F Gray","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gray F, Gherardi R, Scaravilli F (1988) The neuropathology of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (ADIS). A review. Brain 111:245?266","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.59.6.0994","volume":"59","author":"M Handler","year":"1983","unstructured":"Handler M, Ho V, Whelan M, Budzilovich G (1983) Intracerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. J Neurosurg 59:994?1001","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.149.2.6622693","volume":"149","author":"WM Kelly","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kelly WM, Brant-Zawadzki M (1983) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: neuroradiologic findings. Radiology 149:485?491","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410170407","volume":"17","author":"LB Krupp","year":"1985","unstructured":"Krupp LB, Lipton RB, Swerdlow ML, Leeds NE, Llena J (1985) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: clinical and radiographic features. Ann Neurol 17:344?349","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0730-725X(90)90212-K","volume":"8","author":"MC Kupfer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kupfer MC, Zee CS, Colletti PM, Boswell WD, Rhodes R (1990) MRI evaluation of AIDS-related encephalopathy: toxoplasmosis vs. lymphoma. Magn Reson Imaging 8:51?57","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1673.1989.tb03288.x","volume":"33","author":"AM aviopierre","year":"1989","unstructured":"aviopierre AM, Lawler GA (1989) Cerebral toxoplasmosis and lymphoma in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Australas Radiol 33:270?275","journal-title":"Australas Radiol"},{"key":"CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.147.4.747","volume":"147","author":"YY Lee","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lee YY, Bruner JM, Van Tassel P, Libshitz HI (1986) Primary central nervous system lymphoma: CT and pathologic correlation. AJR 147:747?752","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"CR16","first-page":"29","volume-title":"AIDS and the nervous system","author":"RM Levy","year":"1988","unstructured":"Levy RM, Bredesen DE (1988) Central nervous system dysfunction in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In: Rosenblum ML, Levy RM, Bredesen DE (eds) AIDS and the nervous system. Raven Press, New York, pp 29?63"},{"key":"CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.147.5.977","volume":"147","author":"RM Levy","year":"1986","unstructured":"Levy RM, Rosenbloom S, Perrett LV (1986) Neuroradiologic findings in AIDS: a review of 200 cases. AJR 147:977?983","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.62.4.0475","volume":"62","author":"RM Levy","year":"1985","unstructured":"Levy RM, Bredesen DE, Rosenblum ML (1985) Neurological manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): experience at UCSF and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 62:475?495","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"CR19","first-page":"13","volume-title":"AIDS and the nervous system","author":"RM Levy","year":"1988","unstructured":"Levy RM, Janssen RS, Bush TJ, Rosenblum ML (1988) Neuroepidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In: Rosenblum ML, Levy RM, Bredesen DE (eds) AIDS and the nervous system. Raven Press, New York, pp 13?27"},{"key":"CR20","first-page":"461","volume":"3","author":"RM Levy","year":"1990","unstructured":"Levy RM, Mills CM, Posin JP, Moore SG, Rosenblum ML, Bredesen DE (1990) The efficacy and clinical impact of brain imaging in neurologically symptomatic AIDS patients: a prospective CT\/MRI study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 3:461?471","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.173.2.2798883","volume":"173","author":"AS Mark","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mark AS, Atlas SW (1989) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with AIDS: appearance on MR images. Radiology 173:517?520","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410260504","volume":"26","author":"JC McArthur","year":"1989","unstructured":"McArthur JC, Cohen BA, Selnes OA, Kumar AJ, Cooper K, McArthur JH, Soucy G, Cornblath DR, Chmiel JS, Wang M-C, Starkey DL, Ginzburg H, Ostrow DG, Johnson RT, Phair JP, Polk BF (1989) Low prevalence of neurological and neuropsychological abnormalities in otherwise healthy HIV-1-infected individuals: results from the multicenter AIDS cohort study. Ann Neurol 26:601?611","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410190303","volume":"19","author":"BA Navia","year":"1986","unstructured":"Navia BA, Petito CK, Gold JWM, Cho E-S, Jordan BD, Price RW (1986) Cerebral toxoplasmosis complicating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: clinical and neuropathological findings in 27 patients. Ann Neurol 19:224?238","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.169.2.3174991","volume":"169","author":"WL Olsen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Olsen WL, Longo FM, Mills CM, Norman D (1988) White matter disease in AIDS: findings at MR imaging. Radiology 169:445?448","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198611000-00003","volume":"45","author":"CK Petito","year":"1986","unstructured":"Petito CK, Cho E-S, Lemann W, Navia BA, Price RW (1986) Neuropathology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): an autopsy review. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 45:635?646","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212033272306","volume":"327","author":"SB Porter","year":"1992","unstructured":"Porter SB, Sande MA (1992) Toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 327:1643?1648","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.140.5.861","volume":"140","author":"MID Post","year":"1983","unstructured":"Post MID, Chan JC, Hensley GT, Hoffman TA, Moskowitz LB, Lippmann S (1983) Toxoplasma encephalitis in Haitian adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a clinicalpathological-CT correlation. AJR 140:861?868","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.158.1.3940372","volume":"158","author":"MID Post","year":"1986","unstructured":"Post MID, Sheldon JJ, Hensley GT, Soila K, Tobias JA, Chan JC, Quencer RM, Moskowitz LB (1986) Central nervous system disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: prospective correlation using CT, MR imaging, and pathologic studies. Radiology 158:141?148","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.178.1.1984291","volume":"178","author":"MID Post","year":"1991","unstructured":"Post MID, Berger JR, Quencer RM (1991) Asymptomatic and neurologically symptomatic HIV-seropositive individuals: prospective evaluation with cranial MR imaging. Radiology 178:131?139","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"CR30","first-page":"359","volume":"13","author":"MID Post","year":"1992","unstructured":"Post MID, Levin BE, Berger JR, Duncan R, Quencer RM, Calabro G (1992) Sequential cranial MR findings of asymptomatic and neurologically symptomatic HIV+ subjects. AJNR 13:359?370","journal-title":"AJNR"},{"key":"CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410140404","volume":"14","author":"WD Snider","year":"1983","unstructured":"Snider WD, Simpson DM, Nielsen S, Gold JWM, Metroka CE, Posner JB (1983) Neurological complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: analysis of 50 patients. Ann Neurol 14:403?418","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410200503","volume":"20","author":"YT So","year":"1986","unstructured":"So YT, Beckstead JH, Davis RL (1986) Primary central nervous system lymphoma in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a clinical and pathological study. Ann Neurol 20:566?572","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"CR33","first-page":"233","volume":"17","author":"PM Trotot","year":"1990","unstructured":"Trotot PM, Vazeux R, Yamashita HK, Sandoz-Tronca C, Mikol J, Vedrenne C, Thi\ufffdbaut JB, Gray F, Cikurel M, Pialoux G, Levillain R (1990) MRI pattern of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in AIDS. J Neuroradiol 17:233?245","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.149.2.6622692","volume":"149","author":"MA Whelan","year":"1983","unstructured":"Whelan MA, Kricheff II, Handler M, Ho V, Crystal K, Gopinathan G, Laubenstein L (1983) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: cerebral computed tomographic manifestations. Radiology 149:477?484","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.6.778","volume":"41","author":"Working Group of the American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force","year":"1991","unstructured":"Working Group of the American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force (1991) Nomenclature and research case definitions for neurologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Neurology 41:778?785","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00887818.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00887818\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00887818","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T12:59:20Z","timestamp":1556542760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF00887818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995]]}},"alternative-id":["BF00887818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00887818","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995]]}}}