{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T17:47:22Z","timestamp":1792345642263,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,2,1]],"date-time":"1993-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":728524800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digest Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf01307540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,25]],"date-time":"2005-03-25T20:38:24Z","timestamp":1111783104000},"page":"233-244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Epidemiology of hospitalization for achalasia in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Amnon","family":"Sonnenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benson T.","family":"Massey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"McCarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(21)00676-2","volume":"18","author":"JC Reynolds","year":"1989","unstructured":"Reynolds JC, Parkman HP: Achalasia. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 18:223?255, 1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"CR2","first-page":"17","volume":"149","author":"JJ Misiewicz","year":"1969","unstructured":"Misiewicz JJ, Waller SL, Anthony PP, Gummer JWP: Achalasia of the cardia: Pharmacology and histopathology of isolated cardiac sphincteric muscle from patients with and without achalasia. Q J Med 149:17?30, 1969","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196409000-00010","volume":"160","author":"RR Cassella","year":"1964","unstructured":"Cassella RR, Brown AL Jr, Sayre GP, Ellis FH Jr: Achalasia of the esophagus: Pathologic and etiologic considerations. Ann Surg 160:474?486, 1964","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"CR4","first-page":"279","volume":"46","author":"RR Cassella","year":"1965","unstructured":"Cassella RR, Ellis FH Jr, Brown AL: Fine-structure changes in achalasia of the esophagus. Am J Pathol 46:279?288, 1965","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"CR5","first-page":"478","volume":"44","author":"RJ Earlam","year":"1969","unstructured":"Earlam RJ, Ellis FH Jr, Nobrega FT: Achalasia of the esophagus in a small urban community. Proc Mayo Clin 44:478?483, 1969","journal-title":"Proc Mayo Clin"},{"key":"CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1159\/000198446","volume":"20","author":"JF Mayberry","year":"1980","unstructured":"Mayberry JF, Rhodes J: Achalasia in the city of Cardiff from 1926 to 1977. Digestion 20:248?252, 1980","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"CR7","first-page":"451","volume":"56","author":"JF Mayberry","year":"1985","unstructured":"Mayberry JF, Atkinson M: Studies of incidence and prevalence of achalasia in the Nottingham area. Q J Med 56:451?456, 1985","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"CR8","series-title":"DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 80-1260","volume-title":"Clinical Modification","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1980","unstructured":"World Health Organization: The International Classification of Diseases 9th revision. Clinical Modification, 2nd ed. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 80-1260. Washington, DC, Public Health Service. US Government Printing Office, 1980","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"CR9","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","author":"HA Kahn","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kahn HA, Sempos CT: Statistical Methods in Epidemiology. New York, Oxford University Press, 1989, pp 85?105"},{"key":"CR10","volume-title":"US Census of Population: 1980, Vol 1, Chapter B. General Population Characteristics","author":"US Bureau of the Census","year":"1982","unstructured":"US Bureau of the Census. US Census of Population: 1980, Vol 1, Chapter B. General Population Characteristics. Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office, 1982"},{"key":"CR11","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Occupational mortality. The Registrar General's decennial supplement for Great Britain, 1979?80, 1982?83. Series DS No. 6. Part I, commentary","author":"Office of Population Censuses and Surveys","year":"1986","unstructured":"Office of Population Censuses and Surveys: Occupational mortality. The Registrar General's decennial supplement for Great Britain, 1979?80, 1982?83. Series DS No. 6. Part I, commentary. London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1986, pp 19?28"},{"key":"CR12","first-page":"219","volume-title":"Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods","author":"DG Kleinbaum","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Muller KE: Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods, 2nd ed. Boston, PWS-Kent Publishing Company, 1988, pp 219?220","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1971.03180230048008","volume":"215","author":"AR Wychulis","year":"1971","unstructured":"Wychulis AR, Woolam GL, Andersen HA, Ellis FH Jr: Achalasia and carcinoma of the esophagus. JAMA 215:1638?1641, 1971","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.2307\/2528501","volume":"20","author":"JC Bailar III","year":"1964","unstructured":"Bailar JC III, Ederer F: Significance factors for the ratio of a Poisson variable to its expectation. Biometrics 20:639?643, 1964","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115939","volume":"133","author":"M Susser","year":"1991","unstructured":"Susser M: What is a cause and how do we know one? A grammar for pragmatic epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 133:635?648, 1991","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"CR16","first-page":"67","volume":"62","author":"JF Mayberry","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mayberry JF, Atkinson M: Variations in the prevalence of achalasia in Great Britain and Ireland: An epidemiological study based on hospital admissions. Q J Med 62:67?74, 1987","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"CR17","series-title":"Studies on medical and population subjects","volume-title":"Morbidity statistics from general practice 1970?71, socio-economic analyses","author":"Royal College of General Practitioners, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Department of Health and Social Security","year":"1982","unstructured":"Royal College of General Practitioners, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Department of Health and Social Security: Morbidity statistics from general practice 1970?71, socio-economic analyses. Studies on medical and population subjects, No 46, London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1982"},{"key":"CR18","first-page":"50","volume":"43","author":"A Sonnenberg","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sonnenberg A, Sonnenberg GS: Occupational mortality from gastric and duodenal ulcer. Br J Ind Med 43:50?55, 1986","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90828-O","volume":"98","author":"JF Johanson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Johanson JF, Sonnenberg A: The prevalence of hemorrhoids and chronic constipation: An epidemiologic study. Gastroenterology 98:380?386, 1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.3.367","volume":"30","author":"A Sonnenberg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sonnenberg A: Disability from inflammatory bowel disease among employees in West Germany. Gut 30:367?370, 1989","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"CR21","series-title":"US National Longitudinal Mortality Study. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Public Health Service. NIH publication No. 88-2896","volume-title":"A mortality study of one million persons by demographic, social, and economic factors: 1979?1981 follow-up","author":"E Rogot","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rogot E, Sorlie PD, Johnson NJ, Glover CS, Treasure DW: A mortality study of one million persons by demographic, social, and economic factors: 1979?1981 follow-up. US National Longitudinal Mortality Study. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Public Health Service. NIH publication No. 88-2896, Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office, 1988"},{"key":"CR22","volume-title":"The Health of Nations","author":"LA Sagan","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sagan LA: The Health of Nations. New York, Basic Books, 1987"},{"key":"CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6748.373","volume":"301","author":"GD Smith","year":"1990","unstructured":"Smith GD, Bartley M, Blane D: The Black report on socioeconomic inequalities in health 10 years on. Br Med J 301:373?377, 1990","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92026-E","volume":"336","author":"JN Morris","year":"1990","unstructured":"Morris JN: Inequalities in health: Ten years and little further on. Lancet 336:491?493, 1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/20.4.984","volume":"20","author":"RR West","year":"1991","unstructured":"West RR: Specificity of association in analysis of mortality and inference on causality. Int J Epidemiol 20:984?988, 1991","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198601303140505","volume":"314","author":"MR Chassin","year":"1986","unstructured":"Chassin MR, Brook RH, Park RE, Keesey J, Fink A, Kosecoff J, Kahn K, Merrick N, Solomon DH: Variations in the use of medical and surgical services by the Medicare population. N Engl J Med 314:285?290, 1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"CR27","first-page":"1081","volume":"128","author":"JO Just-Viera","year":"1969","unstructured":"Just-Viera JO, Haight C: Achalasia and carcinoma of the esophagus. Surg Gynecol Obstet 128:1081?1095, 1969","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"CR28","first-page":"969","volume":"66","author":"JL Lortat-Jacob","year":"1969","unstructured":"Lortat-Jacob JL, Richard CA, Fekete F, Testart J: Cardiospasm and esophageal carcinoma: Report of 24 cases. Surgery 66:969?975, 1969","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)65569-5","volume":"10","author":"JC Bolivar","year":"1970","unstructured":"Bolivar JC, Herendeen TL: Carcinoma of the esophagus and achalasia. Ann Thorac Surg 10:81?89, 1970","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)41552-3","volume":"69","author":"JR Hankins","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hankins JR, McLaughlin JS: The association of carcinoma of the esophagus with achalasia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 69:355?360, 1970","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(75)90358-X","volume":"130","author":"R Carter","year":"1975","unstructured":"Carter R, Brewer LA III Achalasia and esophageal carcinoma: studies in early diagnosis for improved surgical management. Am J Surg 130:114?120, 1975","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198001000-00011","volume":"73","author":"GA Norton","year":"1980","unstructured":"Norton GA, Postlethwait RW, Thompson WM: Esophageal carcinoma: A survey of populations at risk. South J Med 73:25?27, 1980","journal-title":"South J Med"},{"key":"CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.2.155","volume":"33","author":"MAC Meijssen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Meijssen MAC, Tilanus HW, van Blankenstein M, Hop WCJ, Ong GL: Achalasia complicated by oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A prospective study in 195 patients. Gut 33:155?158, 1992","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296916","volume":"27","author":"SR Sandler","year":"1982","unstructured":"Sandler SR, Bozymski EM, Orlando RC: Failure of clinical criteria to distinguish between primary achalasia and achalasia secondary to tumor. Dig Dis Sci 27:209?213, 1982","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01537280","volume":"34","author":"M Goldschmiedt","year":"1989","unstructured":"Goldschmiedt M, Peterson WL, Spielberger R, Lee EL, Kurtz SF, Feldman M: Esophageal achalasia secondary to mesothelioma. Dig Dis Sci 34:1285?1298, 1989","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01536066","volume":"34","author":"K Fredens","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fredens K, T\u00f8ttrup A, Kristensen IB, Dahl R, Jacobsen NO, Funch-Jensen P, Thommesen P: Severe destruction of esophageal nerves in a patient with achalasia secondary to gastric cancer. A possible role of eosinophil neurotoxic proteins. Dig Dis Sci 34:297?303, 1989","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"CR37","first-page":"79","volume":"28","author":"G Wambach","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wambach G, Weller P, Zeidler D: Sekund\u00e4re Achalasie im Rahmen einer Polyneuropathie bei kleinzelligem Bronchialkarzinom. Internist 28:79?81, 1987","journal-title":"Internist"},{"key":"CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.37.8.938","volume":"37","author":"FB Gibberd","year":"1974","unstructured":"Gibberd FB, Gleeson JA, Gossage AAR, Wilson RSE: Oesophageal dilatation in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 37:938?940, 1974","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1974.03230480065037","volume":"229","author":"ED Palmer","year":"1974","unstructured":"Palmer ED: Dysphagia in Parkinsonism. JAMA 229:1349, 1974","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A347","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90824-K","volume":"98","author":"F Dumas","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dumas F, Laurent F, Miremont F, Ferrer X, Raymond JM, Baldit C, Couzigou P, Amouretti M: Pharyngoesophageal swallowing disorders in Parkinson's disease. Gastroenterology 98:A347, 1990 (abstract)","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A353","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90825-L","volume":"98","author":"E Ghandour","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ghandour E, Hutton TJ, Long T, Anuras S: Gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. Gastroenterology 98:A353, 1990 (abstract)","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.52.Suppl_191","volume":"52","author":"K Wakabayashi","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wakabayashi K, Takahashi H, Takeda S, Ohama E, Ikuta F: Lewy bodies in the enteric nervous system in Parkinson's disease. Arch Histol Cytol 52(suppl):191?194, 1989","journal-title":"Arch Histol Cytol"},{"key":"CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294619","volume":"80","author":"K Oyanagi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Oyanagi K, Wakabayashi K, Ohama E, Takeda S, Horikawa Y, Morita T, Ikuta F: Lewy bodies in the lower sacral parasympathetic neurons of a patient with Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol 80:558?559, 1990","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90079-9","volume":"87","author":"SJ Qualman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Qualman SJ, Haupt HM, Yang P, Hamilton SR: Esophageal Lewy bodies associated with ganglion cell loss in achalasia. Similarity to Parkinson's disease. Gastroenterology 87:848?856, 1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.11.1522","volume":"28","author":"PN Foster","year":"1987","unstructured":"Foster PN, Stewart M, Lowe JS, Atkinson M: Achalasia-like disorder of the oesophagus in von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. Gut 28:1522?1526, 1987","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"CR46","first-page":"1329","volume":"84","author":"MS Murphy","year":"1989","unstructured":"Murphy MS, Gardner-Medwin D, Eastham EJ: Achalasia of the cardia associated with hereditary cerebellar ataxia. Am J Gastroenterol 84:1329?1330, 1989","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"CR47","first-page":"729","volume":"85","author":"C Maayan","year":"1990","unstructured":"Maayan C, Oren A, Goldin E, Dinour D, Goldberg M, Mogle P: Megaesophagus and recurrent apnea in an adult patient with familial dysautonomia. Am J Gastroenterol 85:729?732, 1990","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-106-1-62","volume":"107","author":"BG Stuckey","year":"1987","unstructured":"Stuckey BG, Mastaglia FL, Reed WD, Pullan PT: Glucocorticoid insufficiency, achalasia, alacrima with autonomic and motor neuropathy. Ann Intern Med 107:62?64, 1987","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"CR49","first-page":"405","volume":"75","author":"M Cardi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Cardi M, De Marchi C, Felli F, Paoletti PL, Paolini A: Acalasia cardiale e stress emotivo. Considerazioni su 47 casi clinici. Min Med 75:405?408, 1984","journal-title":"Min Med"},{"key":"CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2307\/3002000","volume":"2","author":"J Berkson","year":"1946","unstructured":"Berkson J: Limitations of the application of fourfold table analysis to hospital data. Biometrics 2:47?53, 1946","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"CR51","first-page":"180","volume-title":"Epidemiology: An Introductory Text","author":"JS Mausner","year":"1985","unstructured":"Mausner JS, Kramer S: Epidemiology: An Introductory Text. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Company, 1985, pp 180?192"},{"key":"CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780100405","volume":"10","author":"H Krakauer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Krakauer H, Bailey RC: Epidemiologic oversight of the medical care provided to Medicare beneficiaries. Stat Med 10:521?540, 1991","journal-title":"Stat Med"}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01307540.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF01307540\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01307540","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T11:30:17Z","timestamp":1625657417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF01307540"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]}},"alternative-id":["BF01307540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01307540","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]}}}