{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:02:00Z","timestamp":1790182920579,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,3,1]],"date-time":"1994-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":762480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta neurochir"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf01405501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,3]],"date-time":"2005-04-03T03:10:26Z","timestamp":1112497826000},"page":"35-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":270,"title":["Cavernous malformations of the brain stem"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"J. A.","family":"Fritschi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. -J.","family":"Reulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. F.","family":"Spetzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Zabramski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"CR1","first-page":"119","volume":"17","author":"PS Bergmann","year":"1950","unstructured":"Bergmann PS (1950) Hemangioma of the pons. Case report and review of the literature. J Mt Sinai Hosp NY 17: 119?131","journal-title":"J Mt Sinai Hosp NY"},{"key":"CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01418515","volume":"108","author":"H Bertalanffy","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bertalanffy H, Gilsbach JM, Eggert H-J, Seeger W (1991) Microsurgery of deep-seated cavernous angiomas: report of 26 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 108: 91?99","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198901000-00018","volume":"24","author":"JM Bicknell","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bicknell JM (1989) Familial cavernous angioma of the brain stem dominantly inherited in hispanics. Neurosurgery 24: 102?105","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"CR4","first-page":"185","volume":"12","author":"A Bien","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bien A, Kaluza J, Pajzak B (1978) Cavernous angioma of the medulla oblongata. Abstract. Neurol Neurochir Pol 12: 185?187","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"key":"CR5","first-page":"193","volume":"12","author":"G Chonette","year":"1965","unstructured":"Chonette G, Sigwald J, Vendrenne C,et al (1965) A progressive ponto-cerebellar cavernoma. Anatomo-clinical study and interpretation. Arch Anat Pathol 12: 193?196","journal-title":"Arch Anat Pathol"},{"key":"CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.75.5.0702","volume":"75","author":"OD Curling","year":"1991","unstructured":"Curling OD, Kelly DL, Elster AD, Craven TE (1991) An analysis of the natural history of cavernous angiomas. J Neurosurg 75: 702?708","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199003000-00012","volume":"26","author":"R Fahlbusch","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fahlbusch R, Strauss C, Huk W, R\u00f6ckelein G, K\u00f6mpf D, Ruprecht KW (1990) Surgical removal of pontomesencephalic cavernous hemangiomas. Neurosurgery 26: 449?456","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1159\/000116378","volume":"29","author":"PAW Frima-Verhoeven","year":"1989","unstructured":"Frima-Verhoeven PAW, Op de coul AAW, Tijssen CC, Maat B (1989) Intracranial cavernous angiomas: diagnosis and therapy. Eur Neurol 29: 56?60","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01773116","volume":"40","author":"S Giombini","year":"1978","unstructured":"Giombini S, Morello IG (1978) Cavernous angiomas of the brain. Account of 14 personal cases and review of the literature. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 40: 61?82","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"CR10","first-page":"167","volume":"17","author":"P Girard","year":"1969","unstructured":"Girard P, Tommasi M, Chatelain R (1969) Cavernomes et t\u00e9langiectasies de l'enc\u00e9phale. Arch Anat Pathol 17: 167?178","journal-title":"Arch Anat Pathol"},{"key":"CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(50)80010-0","volume":"39","author":"BF Grotts","year":"1950","unstructured":"Grotts BF (1950) Spontaneous hemorrhage from a hemangioma of the pons. J Pediatr 39: 98?101","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"CR12","first-page":"226","volume":"32","author":"Y Guegan","year":"1986","unstructured":"Guegan Y, Guy G, Jan M, Brassier G, Pecker J (1986) Les h\u00e9matomes ?secondaires? du tronc c\u00e9rebral. A propos de 5 cas. Neurochirurgie 32: 226?234","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199011000-00018","volume":"27","author":"DS Heffez","year":"1990","unstructured":"Heffez DS, Zinreich SJ, Long DM (1990) Surgical resection of intrinsic brain stem lesions: an overview. Neurosurgery 27: 789?798","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.72.1.0027","volume":"72","author":"S Kashiwagi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kashiwagi S, van Loveren HR, Tew JM, Wiot JG, Weil SM, Lukin RA (1990) Diagnosis and treatment of vascular brainstem malformations. J Neurosurg 72: 27?34","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"CR15","first-page":"75","volume":"17","author":"SH Kim","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kim SH, Mitsuno K, Ishikawa M, Kikuchi H, Motosaki T, Yamamoto T (1989) Familial occurrence of intracerebral cavernous angioma. Abstract. No Shinkei Geka 17: 75?79","journal-title":"No Shinkei Geka"},{"key":"CR16","first-page":"1193","volume":"16","author":"T Kumabe","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kumabe T, Suzuki M, Yoshimoto T, Suzuki J (1988) A case of cavernous angioma extended from the ventral part of the pons to the midbrain: subtemporal and trans-tentorial approach. Abstract. No Shinkei Geka 16: 1193?1197","journal-title":"No Shinkei Geka"},{"key":"CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.73.4.0555","volume":"73","author":"JR Little","year":"1990","unstructured":"Little JR, Awad IA, Jones SC, Ebrahim ZY (1990) Vascular pressures and cortical blood flow in cavernous angioma of the brain. J Neurosurg 73: 555?559","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"CR18","first-page":"651","volume":"97","author":"W Malamud","year":"1925","unstructured":"Malamud W (1925) \u00fcber einen Fall von multiplem H\u00c4mangiom des Zentralnervensystems mit bemerkenswertem klinischen Verlauf. Z Neur 97: 651?670","journal-title":"Z Neur"},{"key":"CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00344939","volume":"184","author":"EE Manuelidis","year":"1950","unstructured":"Manuelidis EE (1950) \u00fcber H\u00c4mangiome des Gehirns. Arch Psych 184: 601","journal-title":"Arch Psych"},{"key":"CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.166.259","volume":"166","author":"K Mizoi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mizoi K, Yoshimoto T, Suzuki I (1992) Clinical analysis of ten cases with surgically treated brain stem cavernous angiomas. Tohoku J Exp Med 166: 259?267","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"CR21","first-page":"159","volume":"15","author":"T Oku","year":"1987","unstructured":"Oku T, Yonemitsu T, Fujiwara S, Yoshimoto T, Suzuki J (1987) Report on successful surgery of cavernous angioma in the dorsal part of the pons ? usefulness of MRI in diagnosis. Abstract. No Shinkei Geka 15: 159?164","journal-title":"Abstract. No Shinkei Geka"},{"key":"CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198810000-00015","volume":"23","author":"SL Ondra","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ondra SL, Doty JR, Mahla ME, George ED (1988) Surgical excision of a cavernous hemangioma of the rostral brain stem: case report. Neurosurgery 23: 490?493","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02864501","volume":"110","author":"H Pineas","year":"1927","unstructured":"Pineas H (1927) Klinischer und anatomischer Befund eines Falles von Hemangioma cavernosum cerebri ungew\u00f6hnlicher Lokalisation und Gr\u00f6\\e. Z Neurol Psychiatric 110: 281?291","journal-title":"Z Neurol Psychiatric"},{"key":"CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198907000-00017","volume":"25","author":"E Pozzati","year":"1989","unstructured":"Pozzati E, Giuliani G, Nuzzo G, Poppi M (1989) The growth of cerebral cavernous angiomas. Neurosurgery 25: 92?97","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"CR25","unstructured":"Reulen HJ, Fritschi JA, Huber P (1994) Cerebral cavernous malformation with reference to natural history. To be published"},{"key":"CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01401979","volume":"92","author":"D Rigamonti","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rigamonti D, Spetzler RF (1988) The association of venous and cavernous malformations. Report of four cases and discussion of the pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 92: 100?105","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199101000-00010","volume":"28","author":"D Rigamonti","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rigamonti D, Johnson PC, Spetzler RF, Hadley MN, Drayer BP (1991) Cavernous malformations and capillary telangiectasia: a spectrum within a single pathological entity. Neurosurgery 28: 60?64","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00345039","volume":"8","author":"GH Roberson","year":"1974","unstructured":"Roberson GH, Kase CS, Wolpow ER (1974) Teleangiectases and cavernous angiomas of the brain stem: ?cryptic? vascular malformations. Report of a case. Neuroradiology 8: 83?89","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.75.5.0709","volume":"75","author":"JR Robinson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Robinson JR, Awad IA, Little JR (1991) Natural history of the cavernous angioma. J Neurosurg 75: 709?714","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.76.1.0038","volume":"76","author":"RM Scott","year":"1992","unstructured":"Scott RM, Barnes P, Kupsky W, Adelman LS (1992) Cavernous angiomas of the central nervous system in children. J Neurosurg 76: 38?46","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198912000-00025","volume":"25","author":"V Seifert","year":"1990","unstructured":"Seifert V, Gaab MR (1990) Laser-assisted microsurgical exstirpation of a brain stem cavernoma: case report. Neurosurgery 25: 986?990","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198602000-00008","volume":"18","author":"JM Simard","year":"1986","unstructured":"Simard JM, Garcia-Bengochea F, Balliner WE, Mickle JP, Quisling RG (1986) Cavernous angioma: a review of 126 collected and 12 new clinical cases. Neurosurgery 18: 162?172","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1980.00500500055007","volume":"37","author":"SM Stahl","year":"1980","unstructured":"Stahl SM, Johnson KP, Malamud N (1980) The clinical and pathological spectrum of brain-stem vascular malformations. Long-term course stimulates multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 37: 25?29","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"CR34","first-page":"471","volume":"118","author":"HJ Steiger","year":"1988","unstructured":"Steiger HJ, Markwalder RV, Reulen HJ (1988) Das zerebrale Kavernom als Ursache von rezidivierenden Hirnblutungen und epileptischen Anf\u00c4llen. Schweiz Med Wschr 118: 471?477","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wschr"},{"key":"CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199004000-00012","volume":"26","author":"BM Stein","year":"1990","unstructured":"Stein BM (1990) Comments to brain stem surgery of cavernous hemangiomas. Neurosurgery 26: 456","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3109\/02688699109002860","volume":"5","author":"L Symon","year":"1991","unstructured":"Symon L, Jackowski A, Bills D (1991) Surgical treatment of pontomedullary cavernomas. Br J Neurosurg 5: 339?347","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.51.4.0546","volume":"51","author":"H Terao","year":"1979","unstructured":"Terao H, Hori T, Matsutani M, Okeda R (1979) Detection of cryptic vascular malformations by computerized tomography. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg 51: 546?551","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01402366","volume":"85","author":"J Vaquero","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vaquero J, Salazar J, Martinez R, Martinez P, Bravo G (1987) Cavernomas of the central nervous system: Clinical syndromes, CT scan diagnosis and prognosis after surgical treatment in 25 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 85: 29?33","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.65.2.0188","volume":"65","author":"RJ Veerapen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Veerapen RJ, Sbeih IA, O'Laoire SA (1986) Surgical treatment of cryptic AVM's and associated hematomas in the brain stem and spinal cord. J Neurosurg 65: 188?193","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"CR40","first-page":"229","volume":"33","author":"RM Villani","year":"1989","unstructured":"Villani RM, Arienta C, Caroli M (1989) Cavernous angiomas of the central nervous system. J Neurosurg Sci 33: 229?252","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Sci"},{"key":"CR41","first-page":"59","volume":"19","author":"K Voigt","year":"1976","unstructured":"Voigt K, Yasargil MG (1976) Cerebral cavernous hemangiomas or cavernomas. Incidence, pathology, localisation, diagnosis, clinical features and treatment. Review of the literature and report of an unusual case. Neurochirurgia 19: 59?68","journal-title":"Neurochirurgia"},{"key":"CR42","first-page":"429","volume":"145","author":"M Weber","year":"1989","unstructured":"Weber M, Vespigniani H, Bracard S, Roland J, Picard L, Barroche G, Auque J, Lepoire J (1989) Les angiomes caverneux intrac\u00e9r\u00e9braux. Rev Neur 145: 429?436","journal-title":"Rev Neur"},{"key":"CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.64.2.0197","volume":"64","author":"T Yamasaki","year":"1986","unstructured":"Yamasaki T, Handa H, Yamashita J, Paine JT, Tashiro Y, Uno A, Ishikawa M, Asato R (1986) Intracranial and orbital cavernous angiomas. A review of 30 cases. J Neurosurg 64: 197?208","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"CR44","first-page":"405","volume-title":"Microneurosurgery IIIB. AVM of the brain","author":"MG Yasargil","year":"1988","unstructured":"Yasargil MG (1988) Microneurosurgery IIIB. AVM of the brain. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 405?438"},{"key":"CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(86)90067-4","volume":"26","author":"T Yoshimoto","year":"1986","unstructured":"Yoshimoto T, Suzuki J (1986) Radical surgery on cavernous angioma of the brain stem. Surg Neur 26: 72?78","journal-title":"Surg Neur"},{"key":"CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.75.1.0032","volume":"75","author":"RS Zimmermann","year":"1991","unstructured":"Zimmermann RS, Spetzler RF, Stuart Lee K, Zabranski JM, Hargraves RW (1991) Cavernous malformations of the brain stem. J Neurosurg 75: 32?39","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurochirurgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01405501.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF01405501\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01405501","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]],"date-time":"2019-05-02T16:55:37Z","timestamp":1556816137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF01405501"}},"subtitle":["A review of 139 cases"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]}},"alternative-id":["BF01405501"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01405501","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6268","0942-0940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6268","type":"print"},{"value":"0942-0940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]}}}