{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T01:19:12Z","timestamp":1772068752473,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1976,11,1]],"date-time":"1976-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":215654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Sex Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf01541221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,19]],"date-time":"2005-04-19T17:34:00Z","timestamp":1113932040000},"page":"585-608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Voyeurism: A review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"R. Spencer","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"CR1","volume-title":"Selected Papers on Psychoanalysis","author":"K. Abraham","year":"1968","unstructured":"Abraham, K. (1968). Restrictions and transformations of scopophilia in psychoneurotics; with remarks on analogous phenomena in folk-psychology. InSelected Papers on Psychoanalysis Basic Books, New York."},{"key":"CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.1967.10402547","volume":"9","author":"L. Alexander","year":"1967","unstructured":"Alexander, L. (1967). Psychotherapy of sexual deviation with the aid of hypnosis.Am. Clin. Hypn. 9: 181?183.","journal-title":"Am. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"CR3","volume-title":"A Textbook of Psychosexual Disorders","author":"C. Allen","year":"1969","unstructured":"Allen, C. (1969).A Textbook of Psychosexual Disorders 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, London.","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1080\/21674086.1967.11926442","volume":"36","author":"D. Allen","year":"1967","unstructured":"Allen, D. (1967). Exhibitionistic and voyeuristic conflicts in learning and functioning.Psychoanal. Quart. 36: 546?570.","journal-title":"Psychoanal. Quart."},{"key":"CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1177\/000306515300100205","volume":"1","author":"R. Bak","year":"1953","unstructured":"Bak, R. (1953). Fetishism.J. Am. Psychoanal. Assoc. 1: 285.","journal-title":"J. Am. Psychoanal. Assoc."},{"key":"CR6","volume-title":"Research in Behavior Modification","author":"A. Bandura","year":"1965","unstructured":"Bandura, A. (1965). Behavior modification through modeling procedures. In Krasner, L., and Ullman, L. P. (eds.),Research in Behavior Modification Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York."},{"key":"CR7","volume-title":"Principles of Behavior Modification","author":"A. Bandura","year":"1969","unstructured":"Bandura, A. (1969).Principles of Behavior Modification Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York."},{"key":"CR8","volume-title":"Sexual Freedom and the Constitution","author":"W. Barnett","year":"1973","unstructured":"Barnett, W. (1973).Sexual Freedom and the Constitution University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque."},{"key":"CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/21674086.1944.11925558","volume":"13","author":"E. Bergler","year":"1944","unstructured":"Bergler, E. (1944). A new approach to the therapy of erythrophobia.Psychoanal. Quart. 13: 43?59.","journal-title":"Psychoanal. Quart."},{"key":"CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/21674086.1945.11925593","volume":"14","author":"E. Bergler","year":"1945","unstructured":"Bergler, E. (1945). Reference on a five layer structure in sublimation.Psychoanal. Quart. 14: 76?97.","journal-title":"Psychoanal. Quart."},{"key":"CR11","first-page":"211","volume":"2","author":"E. Bergler","year":"1957","unstructured":"Bergler, E. (1957). Voyeurism.Arch. Crim. Psychodyn. 2: 211?225.","journal-title":"Arch. Crim. Psychodyn."},{"key":"CR12","volume-title":"Selected Papers of Edmund Bergler, M.D.","author":"E. Bergler","year":"1969","unstructured":"Bergler, E. (1969). Eight prerequisites for the psychoanalytic treatment of homosexuality. InSelected Papers of Edmund Bergler, M.D. Grune and Stratton, New York."},{"key":"CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1080\/21674086.1935.11925251","volume":"4","author":"W. Briehl","year":"1935","unstructured":"Briehl, W., and Kulka, E. (1935). Lactation in a virgin.Psychoanal. Quart. 4: 484?512.","journal-title":"Psychoanal. Quart."},{"key":"CR14","first-page":"50","volume":"10","author":"F. S. Caprio","year":"1949","unstructured":"Caprio, F. S. (1949). Scoptophilia ? Exhibitionism: A case report.J. Clin. Psychopathol. 10: 50?72.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopathol."},{"key":"CR15","volume-title":"Strange Loves: The Human Aspect of Sexual Deviation","author":"E. Chesser","year":"1971","unstructured":"Chesser, E. (1971).Strange Loves: The Human Aspect of Sexual Deviation William Morrow, New York."},{"key":"CR16","volume-title":"Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life","author":"J. Coleman","year":"1964","unstructured":"Coleman, J. (1964).Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life 3rd ed., Scott, Foresman, Glenview, Ill.","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"CR17","volume-title":"The Sexual Criminal","author":"J. P. River de","year":"1956","unstructured":"de River, J. P. (1956).The Sexual Criminal Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Ill."},{"key":"CR18","volume-title":"The Encyclopedia of Sexual Behavior","author":"A. Ellis","year":"1973","unstructured":"Ellis, A., and Abarbanel, A. (1973).The Encyclopedia of Sexual Behavior Jason Aronson, New York."},{"key":"CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/00224545.1954.9714206","volume":"40","author":"A. Ellis","year":"1954","unstructured":"Ellis, A., Doorbar, R. R., and Johnston, R., III (1954). Characteristics of convicted sex offenders.J. Soc. Psychol. 40: 375.","journal-title":"J. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"CR20","first-page":"177","volume":"18","author":"M. Fain","year":"1954","unstructured":"Fain, M. (1954). Contribution \u00e1 l'\u00e8tude du voyeurisme (Contributions to the study of voyeurism).Rev. Fr. Psychoanal. 18: 177?192.","journal-title":"Rev. Fr. Psychoanal."},{"key":"CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1037\/h0022913","volume":"65","author":"M. P. Feldman","year":"1966","unstructured":"Feldman, M. P. (1966). Averson therapy for sexual deviations: A critical review.Psychol. Bull. 65: 65?79.","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/21674086.1933.11925176","volume":"2","author":"O. Fenichel","year":"1933","unstructured":"Fenichel, O. (1933). Outline of clinical psychoanalysis.Psychoanal. Quart. 2: 260?308.","journal-title":"Psychoanal. Quart."},{"key":"CR23","first-page":"6","volume":"18","author":"O. Fenichel","year":"1943","unstructured":"Fenichel, O. (1943). The scopophilic instinct and identification.Int. J. Psychoanal. 18: 6?34.","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychoanal."},{"key":"CR24","volume-title":"The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis","author":"O. Fenichel","year":"1945","unstructured":"Fenichel, O. (1945).The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis Norton, New York."},{"key":"CR25","volume-title":"Collected Papers","author":"S. Freud","year":"1924","unstructured":"Freud, S. (1924). A child is being beaten. InCollected Papers Hogarth Press, London."},{"key":"CR26","volume-title":"The Basic Writings of Sigmund Freud","author":"S. Freud","year":"1938","unstructured":"Freud, S. (1938). Three contributions to the theory of sex. InThe Basic Writings of Sigmund Freud Random House, New York."},{"key":"CR27","volume-title":"The Standard Edition of the Complete Works of Sigmund Freud, Vol. XIX","author":"S. Freud","year":"1953","unstructured":"Freud, S. (1953). Anatomical distinction between the sexes. In Strachey, J. (ed.),The Standard Edition of the Complete Works of Sigmund Freud, Vol. XIX, Hogarth and the Institute of Psychoanalysis, London."},{"key":"CR28","volume-title":"My Secret Garden: Women's Sexual Fantasies","author":"N. Friday","year":"1973","unstructured":"Friday, N. (1973).My Secret Garden: Women's Sexual Fantasies Simon and Schuster, New York."},{"key":"CR29","volume-title":"Forbidden Flowers: More Women's Sexual Fantasies","author":"N. Friday","year":"1975","unstructured":"Friday, N. (1975).Forbidden Flowers: More Women's Sexual Fantasies Simon and Schuster, New York."},{"key":"CR30","volume-title":"Sex Code of California: A Compendium","year":"1973","unstructured":"Gatov, E. R. (ed.) (1973).Sex Code of California: A Compendium Graphic Arts of Marin, Sausalito, Calif."},{"key":"CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(71)80108-9","volume":"2","author":"L. A. Gaupp","year":"1971","unstructured":"Gaupp, L. A., Stern, R. M., and Ratlieff, R. G. (1971). The use of aversion-relief procedures in the treatment of a case of voyeurism.Behav. Ther. 2: 585?588.","journal-title":"Behav. Ther."},{"key":"CR32","volume-title":"Sex Offenders (An Analysis of Types)","author":"P. Gebhard","year":"1965","unstructured":"Gebhard, P., Gagnon, J., Pomeroy, W., and Christenson, C. (1965).Sex Offenders (An Analysis of Types) Harper and Row, New York."},{"key":"CR33","first-page":"396","volume":"37","author":"W. H. Gillespie","year":"1956","unstructured":"Gillespie, W. H. (1956). The general theory of sexual perversion.Int. J. Psychoanal. 37: 396?403.","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychoanal."},{"key":"CR34","first-page":"5","volume":"55","author":"E. F. Hammer","year":"1968","unstructured":"Hammer, E. F. (1968). Symptoms of sexual deviation: Dynamics and etiology.Psychoanal. Rev. 55: 5?27.","journal-title":"Psychoanal. Rev."},{"key":"CR35","volume-title":"Sexual Anomalies and Perversions","author":"M. Hirschfeld","year":"1948","unstructured":"Hirschfeld, M. (1948).Sexual Anomalies and Perversions Francis Alder, London."},{"key":"CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(69)90058-8","volume":"7","author":"B. T. Jackson","year":"1969","unstructured":"Jackson, B. T. (1969). A case of voyeurism treated by counterconditioning.Behav. Res. Ther. 7: 133?134.","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"CR37","volume-title":"Learning Foundations of Behavior Therapy","author":"F. H. Kanfer","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kanfer, F. H., and Phillips, J. S. (1970).Learning Foundations of Behavior Therapy Wiley, New York."},{"key":"CR38","volume-title":"The Sexual Offender and His Offenses","author":"B. Karpman","year":"1954","unstructured":"Karpman, B. (1954).The Sexual Offender and His Offenses Julian Press, New York."},{"key":"CR39","first-page":"53","volume":"5","author":"H. W. Kozal","year":"1971","unstructured":"Kozal, H. W. (1971). Myths about the sex offender.Med. Aspects Hum. Sex. 5: 53?62.","journal-title":"Med. Aspects Hum. Sex."},{"key":"CR40","volume-title":"The Mind of Adolf Hitler: The Secret Wartime Report","author":"W. C. Lancer","year":"1972","unstructured":"Lancer, W. C. (1972).The Mind of Adolf Hitler: The Secret Wartime Report Basic Books, New York."},{"key":"CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1950.tb05471.x","volume":"20","author":"O. Markley","year":"1950","unstructured":"Markley, O. (1950). A study of aggressive sex misbehavior in adolescents brought to juvenile court.Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 20: 719?731.","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsychiat."},{"key":"CR42","volume-title":"Human Sexuality","author":"J. L. McCary","year":"1967","unstructured":"McCary, J. L. (1967).Human Sexuality Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J."},{"key":"CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1964.tb114354.x","volume":"1","author":"N. McConaghy","year":"1964","unstructured":"McConaghy, N. (1964). A year's experience with non-verbal psychotherapy.Med. J. Aust. 1: 831?837.","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(64)90014-2","volume":"2","author":"R. J. McGuire","year":"1965","unstructured":"McGuire, R. J., Carlisle, J. M., and Young, B. G. (1965). Sexual deviations as conditioned behavior: A hypothesis.Behav. Res. Ther. 2: 185?190.","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"CR45","first-page":"173","volume":"1","author":"H. Nierenberg","year":"1951","unstructured":"Nierenberg, H. (1951). A case of voyeurism.Ann. Sur. Psychoanal. 1: 173?175.","journal-title":"Ann. Sur. Psychoanal."},{"key":"CR46","first-page":"103","volume":"2","author":"C. P. Oberndorf","year":"1939","unstructured":"Oberndorf, C. P. (1939). Voyeurism as a crime.J. Crim. Psychopathol. 2: 103?111.","journal-title":"J. Crim. Psychopathol."},{"key":"CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(71)80028-7","volume":"3","author":"V. Pinkava","year":"1971","unstructured":"Pinkava, V. (1971). Logical models of sexual deviations.Int. J. Man-Machine Stud. 3: 351?374.","journal-title":"Int. J. Man-Machine Stud."},{"key":"CR48","first-page":"255","volume":"14","author":"A. Rascovsky","year":"1957","unstructured":"Rascovsky, A. (1957). Sobre la g\u00e9nesis y evolucion de las tendencias escoptof\u00edlicas a partir de la percepci\u00f3n interna (On the genesis and evolution of scopophilic tendencies starting from internal perception).Rev. Psicoanal. Buenos Aires 14: 255?275.","journal-title":"Rev. Psicoanal. Buenos Aires"},{"key":"CR49","volume-title":"Sex Perversions and Sex Crimes","author":"J. M. Reinhardt","year":"1957","unstructured":"Reinhardt, J. M. (1957).Sex Perversions and Sex Crimes Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Ill."},{"key":"CR50","volume-title":"Pathology and Treatment of Sexual Deviations","author":"I. Rosen","year":"1967","unstructured":"Rosen, I. (1967).Pathology and Treatment of Sexual Deviations Oxford University Press, London."},{"key":"CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01872672","volume":"29","author":"J. L. Rubins","year":"1969","unstructured":"Rubins, J. L. (1969). Sexual perversion: Some dynamic considerations.Am. J. Psychoanal. 29: 94?105.","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychoanal."},{"key":"CR52","volume-title":"Modern Psychoanalysis","author":"L. Salzman","year":"1968","unstructured":"Salzman, L. (1968). Sexuality in psychoanalytic theory. In Marmor, J. (ed.),Modern Psychoanalysis Basic Books, New York."},{"key":"CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1080\/21674086.1952.11925879","volume":"21","author":"L. J. Saul","year":"1952","unstructured":"Saul, L. J. (1952). A note on exhibitionism and scoptophilia.Psychoanal. Quart. 21: 224?226.","journal-title":"Psychoanal. Quart."},{"key":"CR54","volume-title":"Sexual Behavior and the Law","year":"1965","unstructured":"Slovenko, R. (ed.) (1965).Sexual Behavior and the Law Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Ill."},{"key":"CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087612","volume":"10","author":"J. Stoudenmire","year":"1973","unstructured":"Stoudenmire, J. (1973). Behavioral treatment of voyeurism and possible symptom substitution.Psychotherapy 10: 328?330.","journal-title":"Psychotherapy"},{"key":"CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X7201600203","volume":"16","author":"F. E. Whiskin","year":"1972","unstructured":"Whiskin, F. E. (1972). From the Massachusetts court clinics: Therapy with adolescent sex offenders.Int. J. Offender Ther. Comp. Criminol. 16: 116?120.","journal-title":"Int. J. Offender Ther. Comp. Criminol."},{"key":"CR57","volume-title":"Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition","author":"J. Wolpe","year":"1958","unstructured":"Wolpe, J. (1958).Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif."},{"key":"CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1960.01710030091012","volume":"3","author":"I. D. Yalom","year":"1960","unstructured":"Yalom, I. D. (1960). Aggression and forbiddenness in voyeurism.Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 3: 305?319.","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiat."}],"container-title":["Archives of Sexual Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01541221.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF01541221\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01541221","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T00:26:10Z","timestamp":1586219170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF01541221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1976,11]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,11]]}},"alternative-id":["BF01541221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01541221","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-0002","1573-2800"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-0002","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2800","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1976,11]]}}}