{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T01:25:40Z","timestamp":1768440340209,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,1]],"date-time":"1993-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":741484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>During the three decades since the recognition of the Zollinger\u2010Ellison syndrome (ZES), major progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. However, the many failed operations in patients with ZES, the existence of primary lymph node gastrinomas, and the surgical approach of patients with ZES and multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN\u2010I) have remained controversial issues. In this review, our experience with the pathology of immunocytochemically identified gastrinomas in 44 patients with ZES is presented and related to the relevant literature. (1) Gastrinomas occur frequently in the duodenum (&gt; 40%) and are commonly small (&lt; 1\u00a0cm). They can therefore easily be missed at surgical exploration; lymph node metastases from such occult gastrinomas may be mistaken for primary tumors. (2) Most pancreatic gastrinomas reside in the head of the gland and have a diameter of 1 to 3\u00a0cm. (3) Gastrinomas associated with MEN\u2010I are predominantly of duodenal origin and frequently multicentric; sporadic gastrinomas are single and more often pancreatic. Because MEN\u2010I associated pancreatic tumors seldom contain gastrin, ZES in MEN\u2010I patients is almost never cured by resection of the pancreatic tumors. (4) The metastatic potential of most small duodenal gastrinomas seems to be restricted to the regional lymph nodes<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01655107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,8]],"date-time":"2005-05-08T03:39:28Z","timestamp":1115523568000},"page":"481-488","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Pathologic aspects of gastrinomas in patients with Zollinger\u2010Ellison syndrome with and without multiple endocrine neoplasia type I"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Miriam","family":"Pipeleers\u2010Marichal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Institute of Pathology University of Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Academic Hospital Jette Free University of Brussels Laarbeeklaan 101 B\u20101090 Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Donow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Institute of Pathology University of Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp U.","family":"Heitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Institute of Pathology University of Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Kl\u00f6ppel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Institute of Pathology University of Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-195510000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"Massive islet cell tumor of pancreas without hypoglycemia","volume":"82","author":"Seiler S.","year":"1946","journal-title":"Surg. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"616","article-title":"Islet cell adenoma without hypoglycemia causing duodenal obstruction","volume":"27","author":"Brown C.H.","year":"1950","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"417","article-title":"Collective review: hyperinsulinism and islet cell tumors of pancreas with 398 recorded tumors","volume":"90","author":"Howard J.M.","year":"1950","journal-title":"Int. Abstr. Surg."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18004015912"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(60)90932-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33157-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196115320-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.13.8.638"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"841","article-title":"Serum calcium, serum gastrin, and gastric acid secretion before and after parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism","volume":"75","author":"Stremple J.F.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197509042931007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197510000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1980.03300440039024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Progress in Surgical Pathology, Vol. 1","author":"Solcia E.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800681107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198206243062506"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"1113","article-title":"Extrapancreatic gastrinomas","volume":"98","author":"Thompson N.W.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(86)80130-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1536-4801.1986.tb09225.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198610000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90039-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90084-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198112000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-98-1-59"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198305000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01655562"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198705000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199001000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01658530"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1990.01410160037007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"349","article-title":"Gastrinomas in MEN\u20101 [letter to the editor]","volume":"325","author":"Pipeleers\u2010Marichal M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910915)68:6<1329::AID-CNCR2820680624>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(54)90353-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"727","volume-title":"The Exocrine Pancreas: Biology, Pathobiology, and Diseases","author":"Jensen R.T.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(78)90580-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-196407000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(80)90231-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(82)90401-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01654938"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19860501)57:9<1824::AID-CNCR2820570920>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198310000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90375-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198207293070507"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01654904"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199003153221103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","first-page":"759","article-title":"Cas cliniques: syndrome de Zollinger\u2010Ellison avec tumeur endocrine carcino\u00efde insulaire de si\u00e8ge v\u00e9siculaire primitif","volume":"61","author":"Bernades P.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch. Fr. Mal. Appar. Dig."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198411223112117"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(84)90029-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198904000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(64)90002-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(71)90098-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00705301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198809000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90466-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1991.01410290028004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197410000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(82)90102-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","first-page":"536","article-title":"Extrapancreatic gastrinoma with pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia","volume":"113","author":"Sawady J.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-105-6-956"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198410000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800740315"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","first-page":"1081","article-title":"The surgical treatment of gastrinoma in MEN\u2010I syndrome patients","volume":"106","author":"Thompson N.W.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","first-page":"236","article-title":"Are \u201caberrant nodal gastrinomas\u201d pathogenetically similar to \u201clateral aberrant thyroid\u201d nodules?","volume":"107","author":"Friesen S.R.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-195408000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)44192-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","first-page":"971","article-title":"The management of Zollinger\u2010Ellison syndrome in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I","volume":"100","author":"Van Heerden J.A.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","first-page":"1108","article-title":"Management of islet cell tumors in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia: a prospective study","volume":"106","author":"Sheppard B.C.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.145.3.6292994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198802000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1973.01350200194040"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-0348-1_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198711053171907"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(05)80760-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(85)80024-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19890801)64:3<741::AID-CNCR2820640329>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00548351"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(75)80109-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00432397"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02890134"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Regulatory Peptides. Abstracts of the Fourth International Symposium on Gastrointestinal Hormones","author":"Schwarting H.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-12820-6_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199006000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90459-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/his.1989.12.2.95"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01655107.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF01655107\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01655107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T18:44:05Z","timestamp":1704998645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/BF01655107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/BF01655107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01655107","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2313","1432-2323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2313","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2323","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]}}}