{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T16:35:16Z","timestamp":1769186116473,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,5,1]],"date-time":"1993-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":736214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The feasibility of anal dynamic graciloplasty (transposition of the gracilis muscle and subsequent implantation of a stimulation device) to restore continence, was assessed in a case\u2010control study of 26 patients with severe fecal incontinence. It was shown that anal dynamic graciloplasty is capable of achieving the sphincter tone of healthy persons, as stimulated graciloplasty increased anal pressure from 46\u00a0mmHg without stimulation to 65\u00a0mmHg with stimulation (mean increase 19\u00a0mmHg; 95% confidence interval 13, 25;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=25;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01). Time to retain a 250\u2010ml phosphate enema increased from 52\u00a0seconds before to 204\u00a0seconds after 8 weeks of electrical stimulation (mean increase 151\u00a0seconds; 95% confidence interval 61, 241;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=25;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01). Complete fecal continence was achieved in 17 patients (65%); two of these patients developed a wound infection, but one of the two realized continence without stimulation and the other patient became continent after reimplantation. Three other patients improved after anal dynamic graciloplasty, but infection necessitated removal of the stimulation device. One patient developed a fistula. Failures were encountered in five patients. Although our long\u2010term follow\u2010up results suggest a learning curve, it is concluded that electrical stimulation improves the results of conventional graciloplasty and avoids construction of a colostomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01658712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,8]],"date-time":"2005-05-08T13:17:02Z","timestamp":1115558222000},"page":"404-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Follow\u2010up of anal dynamic graciloplasty for fecal continence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Joop","family":"Konsten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery, Clinical Neurophysiology, and Pathology Maastricht University Hospital Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cor G.","family":"Baeten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery, Clinical Neurophysiology, and Pathology Maastricht University Hospital Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Spaans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery, Clinical Neurophysiology, and Pathology Maastricht University Hospital Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miek G.","family":"Havenith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery, Clinical Neurophysiology, and Pathology Maastricht University Hospital Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter B.","family":"Soeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery, Clinical Neurophysiology, and Pathology Maastricht University Hospital Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"217","volume-title":"Coloproctology and the Pelvic Floor","author":"Mandelstam D.A.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-195206000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800770928"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02562646"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92031-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92030-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00266407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02553893"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02609307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"G823","article-title":"Spontaneous variation of anal \u201cresting pressure\u201d in healthy humans","volume":"261","author":"Enck P.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. 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