{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:02:54Z","timestamp":1705017774010},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,7,1]],"date-time":"1989-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":615254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>The treatment of combined major dislocations of the face and skull requires a craniofacial team consisting of a plastic maxillofacial surgeon, a neurosurgeon, an anesthesiologist, and radiologists. The best results can only be achieved at the primary intervention both from a functional and an esthetic standpoint. Careful preoperative clinical and radiologic examinations are mandatory to reach these high goals<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>In primary repair, the cranial approach aims at constructing \u201ca monobloc bone flap\u201c to suture meningeal tears and to reinforce them with a pericranial graft, to close the cranial base completely using cancellous bone grafts, and to exclude the frontal sinuses. The facial skeleton is repaired by constructing a rigid external facial frame and thereafter progressing centrally finishing with the \u201cinternal\u201c orbitonasal dislocations. The reconstruction aims at a self\u2010stabilizing bone puzzle fixed with interosseous wires, making external fixation unnecessary. Secondary repair requires osteotomies at fracture sites to reposition malunited fractures and the use of autogenous bone grafts for stabilization<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01660755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,8]],"date-time":"2005-05-08T15:44:11Z","timestamp":1115567051000},"page":"419-439","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Craniofacial trauma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"L. C.","family":"Merville","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Maxillo\u2010Facial. Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery H\u00f4pital Foch 92151 Suresnes\u2010Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Karolinska Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"Diner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Maxillo\u2010Facial. Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery H\u00f4pital Foch 92151 Suresnes\u2010Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Karolinska Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Blomgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Maxillo\u2010Facial. Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery H\u00f4pital Foch 92151 Suresnes\u2010Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Karolinska Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Concomitant dislocations of the face and skull","volume":"5","author":"Merville L.","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Eye and Adnexa","author":"Tessier P.","year":"1962"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Osteotomies cranio\u2010orbito\u2010faciales, hypertelorisme","volume":"12","author":"Tessier P.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ann. Chir. Plast."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0503(74)80040-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"748","volume-title":"Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, vol. 2","author":"Converse J.M.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197608000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197501000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197502000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"480","article-title":"Dislocations fronto\u2010orbito\u2010nasales. Reconstitution initiale totale\u2014Tactique\u2014Avantages\u2014Servitudes","volume":"33","author":"Merville L.C.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann. Chir. Plast."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Fracture du toit de l'orbite","volume":"24","author":"Merville L.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann. Chir. Plast."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"La Canthopexie Transnasale\u2014Indications\u2014Technique. Academic Thesis","author":"Firmin F.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Les Dislocations Orbito\u2010Nasales. Academic Thesis","author":"Quilichini H.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Chirurgie Plastique Orbito\u2010Palp\u00e9brale","author":"Tessier P.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"441","volume-title":"Craniofacial Surgery","author":"Jackson I.T.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Fain J.:Traumatismes R\u00e9cents des Confins Cranio\u2010Faciaux. Academic Thesis Clermont\u2010Ferrand Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine 1973."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Interet de la reconstitution primaire de la voute frontale osseuse fractur\u00e9e","volume":"17","author":"Peri G.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann. Chir. Plast."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"260","article-title":"Traumatismes r\u00e9cents du 1\/3\u00a0m\u00e9dian cranio\u2010facial (attitudes th\u00e9rapeutiques)","volume":"17","author":"Peri G.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann. Chir. Plast."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Fronto\u2010orbito\u2010nasal dislocations. secondary treatment of sequelae","volume":"15","author":"Merville L.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"284","article-title":"R\u00e9paration de la voute cranienne. Int\u00e9ret des cranioplasties","volume":"19","author":"Stricker M.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann. Chir. Plast."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Craniofacial Surgery","author":"Merville L.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Les ost\u00e9osynth\u00e8ses par plaques viss\u00e9es miniaturis\u00e9es en chirurgie faciale et cranienne. Indications. R\u00e9sultats. (400 cas)","volume":"22","author":"Champy M.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann. Chir. Plast."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"490","volume-title":"Craniofacial Surgery","author":"Lemperle G.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"476","volume-title":"Craniofacial Surgery","author":"Wolfe S.A.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-197803000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"Reconstruction frontale et des sinus frontaux","volume":"27","author":"Merville L.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann. Chir. 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