{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T10:36:44Z","timestamp":1789727804452,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":195,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,1]],"date-time":"1997-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":852076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf01676569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,11]],"date-time":"2005-05-11T07:09:23Z","timestamp":1115795363000},"page":"2-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":261,"title":["Pedicle screw fixation in spinal disorders: A European view"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Boos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. K.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF01676569_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198807000-00011","volume":"232","author":"M Aebi","year":"1988","unstructured":"Aebi M (1988) Correction of degenerative scoliosis of the lumbar spine. Clin Orthop 232:80\u201386","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR2","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"M Aebi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Aebi M, Nazarian S (1996) Editorial. Eur Spine 15: 1","journal-title":"Eur Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198707000-00007","volume":"12","author":"M Aebi","year":"1987","unstructured":"Aebi M, Etter C, Kehl T, Thalgott J (1987) Stabilization of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine with the internal spinal skeletal fixation system. Indications, techniques, and first results of treatment. Spine 12:544\u2013551","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1985.5","volume":"23","author":"BA Akbarnia","year":"1985","unstructured":"Akbarnia BA, Fogarty JP, Smith KR Jr (1985) New trends in surgical sabilization of thoraco-lumbar spinal fractures with emphasis for sublaminar wiring. Paraplegia 23:27\u201333","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S302","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199106001-00025","volume":"16","author":"N Ani","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ani N, Keppler L, Biscup RS, Steffee AD (1991) Reduction of high-grade slips (grades III-V) with VSP instrumentation. Report of a series of 41 cases. Spine 16:S302-S310","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199009000-00020","volume":"15","author":"JV Banta","year":"1990","unstructured":"Banta JV (1990) Combined anterior and posterior fusion for spinal deformity in myelomeningocele. Spine 15: 946\u2013952","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00307831","volume":"5","author":"U Berlemann","year":"1996","unstructured":"Berlemann U, Cripton PA, Rincon L, Nolte LP, Schl\u00e4pfer F (1996) Pull-out strength of pedicle hooks with fixation screws. Eur Spine J 5:71\u201373","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199211000-00014","volume":"284","author":"M Bernhardt","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bernhardt M, Swartz DE, Clothiaux PL, Crowell RR, White AA (1992) Posterolateral lumbar and lumbosacral fusion with and without pedicle screw internal fixation. Clin Orthop 284: 109\u2013115","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971040-00011","volume":"71","author":"O Boachie-Adjei","year":"1989","unstructured":"Boachie-Adjei O, Lonstein JE, Winter RB, Koop S, van den Brink K, Denis F (1989) Management of neuromuscular spinal deformities with Luque segmental instrumentation. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 71:548\u2013562","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199009000-00009","volume":"258","author":"H Bohm","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bohm H, Harms J, Donk R, Zielke K (1990) Correction and stabilization of angular kyphosis. Clin Orthop 258: 56\u201361","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199112000-00011","volume":"4","author":"N Boos","year":"1991","unstructured":"Boos N, Marchesi D, Aebi M (1991) Treatment of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis with the CotrelDubousset instrumentation. A preliminary report. J Spinal Disord 4:472\u2013479","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199212000-00004","volume":"5","author":"N Boos","year":"1992","unstructured":"Boos N, Marchesi D, Aebi M (1992a) Survivorship analysis of pedicular fixation systems in the treatment of degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine. A comparison of CotrelDubousset instrumentation and the AO-internal fixator. J Spinal Disord 5:403\u2013409","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR13","first-page":"228","volume":"78","author":"N Boos","year":"1992","unstructured":"Boos N, Marchesi D, Heitz R, Aebi M (1992b) Traitement chirurgical des spondylolisth\u00e9sis de l'adulte \u00e0 d\u00e9placement mod\u00e9r\u00e9 par fixation p\u00e9dic-ulaire et fusion post\u2018ero-lat\u2019erale. Rev Chir Orthop 78:228\u2013235","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199309000-00014","volume":"18","author":"N Boos","year":"1993","unstructured":"Boos N, Marchesi D, Zuber K, Aebi M (1993) Treatment of severe spondylolisthesis by reduction and pedicular fixation: A 4\u20136 year follow-up study. Spine 18:1655\u20131661","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961040-00001","volume":"61","author":"D Boxall","year":"1979","unstructured":"Boxall D, Bradford DS, Winter RB, Moe JH (1979) Management of severe spondylolisthesis. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 61:479\u2013495","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197909000-00006","volume":"5","author":"DS Bradford","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bradford DS (1979) Treatment of severe spondylolisthesis: a combined approach for reduction and stabilization. Spine 5:423\u2013429","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198602000-00027","volume":"203","author":"DS Bradford","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bradford DS (1986) Instrumentation of the lumbar spine. Clin Orthop 203: 209\u2013218","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072070-00016","volume":"72","author":"DS Bradford","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bradford DS, Boachie-Adjei O (1990) Treatment of severe spondylolisthesis by anterior and posterior reduction and stabilization. A long-term followup study. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 72: 1060\u20131066","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199107000-00015","volume":"16","author":"KH Bridwell","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bridwell KH, McAllister JW, Betz RR, Huss G, Clancy M, Schoenecker PL (1991) Coronal decompensation produced by Cotrel-Dubousset \u201cderotation\u201d maneuver for idiopathic right thoracic scoliosis. Spine 16:769\u2013777","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR20","first-page":"247","volume":"1","author":"KW Chang","year":"1989","unstructured":"Chang KW, McAfee PC (1989) Degenerative spondylolisthesis and degenerative scoliosis treated with a combination segmental rod-plate and transpedicular screw instrumentation system. J Spinal Disord 1: 247\u2013256","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.71B2.2925745","volume":"71","author":"CL Cheng","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cheng CL, Fang D, Lee PC, Leong JCY (1989) Anterior spinal fusion for spondylolysis and isthmic spondylolisthesis. Long term results in adults. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 71:264\u2013267","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198009000-00010","volume":"5","author":"SP Chow","year":"1980","unstructured":"Chow, SP, Leong JC, Ma A, Yau AC (1980) Anterior spinal fusion or deranged umbar intervertebral disc. Spine 5:452\u2013458","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198101000-00013","volume":"154","author":"RB Cloward","year":"1981","unstructured":"Cloward RB (1981) Spondylolisthesis: treatment by laminectomy and posterior interbody fusion. Clin Orthop 154:74\u201382","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198503000-00008","volume":"193","author":"IS Collis","year":"1985","unstructured":"Collis IS (1985) Total disc replacement: a modified posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Report of 750 cases. Clin Orthop 193:64\u201367","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR25","first-page":"489","volume":"70","author":"Y Cotrel","year":"1984","unstructured":"Cotrel Y, Dubousset J (1984) Nouvelle technique d'ost\u00e9osynth\u00e8se rachidienne segmentaire par voie post\u00e9-rieure. Rev Chir Orthop 70:489\u2013494","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198802000-00004","volume":"227","author":"Y Cotrel","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cotrel Y, Dubousset J, Guillaumat M (1988 New universal instrumentation in spinal surgery. Clin Orthop 227: 10\u201323","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199411001-00016","volume":"19","author":"MJ Crawford","year":"1994","unstructured":"Crawford MJ, Esses SI (1994) Indications for pedicle fixation. Results of NASS\/SRS faculty questionnaire. North American Spine Society and Scoliosis Research Society. Spine 19: 2584\u20132589","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198607000-00028","volume":"11","author":"H Crock","year":"1986","unstructured":"Crock H (1986) Internal disc disruption. A challenge to disc prolapse fifty years on. Spine 11: 650\u2013653","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8125","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199103001-00018","volume":"16","author":"H Daniaux","year":"1991","unstructured":"Daniaux H, Seykora P, Genelin A, Lang T, Kathrein A (1991) Application of posterior plating and modifications in thoracolumbar spine injuries: indications, techniques and results. Spine 16:8125-S133","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198101000-00015","volume":"154","author":"E Dawson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Dawson E, Lotysch III M, Urist M (1981) Intertransverse process lumbar arthrodesis with autogenous bone graft. Clin Orthop 154:90\u201396","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196607000-00018","volume":"47","author":"AF DePalma","year":"1966","unstructured":"DePalma AF, Prabhakar M (1966) Posterior-posterobilateral fusion of the lumbosacral spine. Clin Orthop 47: 165\u2013171","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163040-00012","volume":"63","author":"RL DeWald","year":"1981","unstructured":"DeWald RL, Faut MM, Taddonio RF, Neuwirth MG (1981) Severe lumbosacral spondylolisthesis in adolescents and children. Reduction and staged circumferential fusion. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 63:619\u2013626","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR33","volume-title":"Innere Fixation von Brust- und Lendenwirbelbr\u00fcchen","author":"W Dick","year":"1984","unstructured":"Dick W (1984) Innere Fixation von Brust- und Lendenwirbelbr\u00fcchen. Hans Huber, Bern"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198711000-00009","volume":"12","author":"W Dick","year":"1987","unstructured":"Dick W (1987) The \u201cfixateur inteme\u201d as a versatile implant for spine surgery. Spine 12:882\u2013900","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198807000-00010","volume":"232","author":"W Dick","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dick W, Schnebel B (1988) Severe spondylolisthesis. Reduction and internal fixation. Clin Orthop 232:70\u201379","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1985.38","volume":"23","author":"W Dick","year":"1985","unstructured":"Dick W, Kluger P, Magerl F, Woersd\u00f6rfer O, Z\u00e4ch C (1985) A new device for internal fixation of thoracolumbar and lumbar spine fractures: the \u201cfixateur internerd. Paraplegia 23: 225\u2013232","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR37","first-page":"52266","volume":"20","author":"CA Dickman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dickman CA, Yahiro MA, Lu HTC, Melkerson MN (1994) Surgical treatment alternatives for fixation of unstable fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine. A meta-analysis. Spine 20:52266-S2273","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860060-00013","volume":"60","author":"JH Dickson","year":"1978","unstructured":"Dickson JH, Harrington PR, Erwin WD (1978) Results of reduction and stabilization of the severely fractured thoracic and lumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 60:799\u2013805","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072050-00006","volume":"72","author":"JH Dickson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dickson JH, Erwin WD, Rossi D (1990) Harrington instrumentation and arthrodesis for idiopathic scoliosis. A twenty-one-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 72:678\u2013683","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR40","first-page":"S428","volume":"16","author":"DK Ebelke","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ebelke DK, Asher MA, Neff JR, Kraker DP (1990) Survivorship analysis of VSP spine instrumentation in the treatment of thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures. Spine 16: S428-S432","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S146","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199103001-00021","volume":"16","author":"SI Esses","year":"1991","unstructured":"Esses SI, Botsford DJ, Wright T, Bednar D, Bailey S (1991) Operative treatment of spinal fractures with the AO internal fixator. Spine 16: S146-S150","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199311000-00015","volume":"18","author":"SI Esses","year":"1993","unstructured":"Esses SI, Sachs BL, Dreyzin V (1993) Complications associated with the technique of pedicle screw fixation. A selected survey of ABS members. Spine 18:2231\u20132238","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR43","first-page":"147","volume-title":"New perspectives on low back pain","author":"D Eyre","year":"1989","unstructured":"Eyre D, Benya P, Buckwalter J, Caterson B, Heineg\u00e5rd D, Oegema T, Pearce R, Pope M, Urban J (1989) Intervertebral disk: basic science perspectives. In: Frymoyer JW, Gordon SL (eds) New perspectives on low back pain. American Academy of Orthopaedic surgeons, Park Ridge, pp 147\u2013207"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198506000-00038","volume":"196","author":"TJ Flatley","year":"1985","unstructured":"Flatley TJ, Derderian H (1985) Closed loop instrumentation of the lumbar spine. Clin Orthop 196:273\u2013278","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197759020-00001","volume":"59","author":"JR Flesch","year":"1977","unstructured":"Flesch JR, Leider LL, Erickson DL, Chou SN, Bradford DS (1977) Harrington instrumentation and spine fusion for unstable fractures and fracture-dislocations of the thoracic and lumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 59:143\u2013153","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961080-00002","volume":"61","author":"JC Flynn","year":"1979","unstructured":"Flynn JC, Hoque MA (1979) Anterior fusion of the lumbar spine. End-result study with long-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 61:1143\u20131150","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.53B4.617","volume":"53","author":"D Freebody","year":"1971","unstructured":"Freebody D, Bendall R, Taylor RD (1971) Anterior transperitoneal lumbar fusion. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 53: 617\u2013627","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971040-00015","volume":"71","author":"BL Freeman III","year":"1989","unstructured":"Freeman III BL, Donati NL (1989) Spinal arthrodesis for severe spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents. A long-term follow-up study. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 71:594\u2013598","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199011010-00023","volume":"15","author":"M Fujiya","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fujiya M, Saira M, Kaneda K, Abumi K (1990) Clinical study on stability of combined distraction and compression rod instrumentation with posterolateral fusion for unstable degenerative spondylolisthesis. Spine 15: 1216\u20131222","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52254","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199405310-00015","volume":"19","author":"SR Garfin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Garfin SR (1994) Historical cohort study of pedicle screw fixation in thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spine fusions (editorial). Spine 19: 52254\u201352255","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199205000-00013","volume":"17","author":"SD Gertzbein","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gertzbein SD, Crowe PJ, Fazl M, Schwartz M, Rowed D (1992) Canal clearance in burst fractures using the AO internal fixator. Spine 17: 558\u2013560","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679309160137","volume":"251","author":"K Gill","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gill K, Blumenthal SL (1993) Posterior lumbar interbody fusion. A 2-year follow-up of 238 patients. Acta Orthop Scand [Suppl] 251: 108\u2013110","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand [Suppl]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR53","first-page":"72","volume":"140","author":"CE Graham","year":"1979","unstructured":"Graham CE (1979) Lumbosacral fusion using internal fixation with a spinous process for the graft: a review of 50 patients with a five-year maximum follow-up. Clin Orthop 140: 72\u201377","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198604000-00015","volume":"11","author":"EN Hanley","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hanley EN (1986) Decompression and distraction-derotation arthrodesis for degenerative spondylolisthesis. Spine 11:269\u2013276","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S143","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199512151-00012","volume":"20","author":"EN Hanley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hanley EN (1995) The indication for lumbar spinal fusion with and without instrumentation. Spine 20: S143-S153","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198901000-00009","volume":"14","author":"EN Hanley","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hanley EN, Levy JA (1989) Surgical treatment of isthmic lumbosacral spondylolisthesis. Analysis of variables influencing results. Spine 14: 48\u201350","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198802000-00002","volume":"227","author":"PR Harrington","year":"1988","unstructured":"Harrington PR (1988) The history and development of Harrington instrumentation. Clin Orthop 227: 3\u20135","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR58","first-page":"157","volume":"117","author":"PR Harrington","year":"1976","unstructured":"Harrington PR, Dickson JH (1976) Spinal instrumentation in the treatment of severe progressive spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop 117: 157\u2013163","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-196901000-00001","volume":"62","author":"PR Harrington","year":"1969","unstructured":"Harrington PR, Tullos HS (1969) Reduction of severe spondylolisthesis in children. South Med J 62:1\u20137","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197109000-00012","volume":"79","author":"PR Harrington","year":"1971","unstructured":"Harrington PR, Tullos HS (1971) Spondylolisthesis in children. Observations and surgical treatment. Clin Orthop 79:75\u201384","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769070-00002","volume":"69","author":"IE Harris","year":"1987","unstructured":"Harris IE, Weinstein SL (1987) Longterm follow-up of patients with gradeIII and IV spondylolisthesis. Treatment with and without posterior fusion. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 69: 960\u2013969","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR62","first-page":"49","volume":"258","author":"HJ Hehne","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hehne HJ, Zielke K, Bohm H (1990) Polysegmental lumbar osteotomies and transpedicle fixation for correction of long-curved kyphotic deformities in ankylosing spondylitis. Report on 177 cases. Clin Orthop 258:49\u201355","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971070-00020","volume":"71","author":"RN Hensinger","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hensinger RN (1989) Current concepts review. Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 71: 1098\u20131107","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197612000-00005","volume":"1","author":"RN Hensinger","year":"1976","unstructured":"Hensinger RN, Lang JR, MacEwen GD (1976) Surgical management of spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents. Spine 1: 207\u2013216","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173060-00002","volume":"73","author":"HN Herkowitz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Herkowitz HN, Kurz LT (1991) Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 73: 802\u2013808","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199111000-00010","volume":"16","author":"S Hirabayashi","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hirabayashi S, Kumano K, Kuroki T (1991) Cotrel-Dubousset pedicle screw system for various spinal disorders. Merits and problems. Spine 16: 1298\u20131304","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199310000-00021","volume":"18","author":"S Hou","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hou S, Hu S, Shi Y (1993) Pedicle morphology of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine in a Chinese population. Spine 18:1850\u20131855","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198310000-00013","volume":"179","author":"CG Hutter","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hutter CG (1983) Posterior intervertebral body fusion. A 25-year study. Clin Orthop 179:86\u201396","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198503000-00013","volume":"193","author":"CG Hutter","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hutter CG (1985) Spinal stenosis and posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Clin Orthop 193:103\u2013114","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198403000-00005","volume":"183","author":"SI Inoue","year":"1984","unstructured":"Inoue SI, Watanabe T, Hirose A, Tanaka T, Matsui N, Saegusa O, Sho E (1984) Anterior discetomy and interbody fusion for lumbar disc herniation. A review of 350 cases. Clin Orthop 183:22\u201331","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198511000-00009","volume":"10","author":"RK Jackson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jackson RK, Boston DA, Edge AJ (1985) Lateral mass fusion. A prospective study of a consecutive series with long-term follow-up. Spine 10:828\u2013832","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198901000-00003","volume":"14","author":"R Jacobs","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jacobs R, Montesano P, Jackson R (1989) Enhancement of lumbar spine fusion by use of translaminar facet joint screws. Spine 14: 12\u201315","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.65B1.6822600","volume":"65","author":"JR Johnson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Johnson JR, Kirwan EO (1983) The long-term results of fusion in situ for severe spondylolisthesis. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 65:43\u201346","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198801000-00022","volume":"13","author":"LP Johnson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Johnson LP, Nasca RJ, Dunham WK (1988) Surgical management of isthmic spondylolisthesis. Spine 13:93\u201397","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198603000-00001","volume":"11","author":"K Johnsson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Johnsson K, Willner S, Johnsson K (1986) Postoperative instability after decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine 11: 107\u2013110","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199005000-00001","volume":"15","author":"R Johnsson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Johnsson R, Selvik G, Stromqvist B, Sund\u00e9n G (1990) Mobility of the lower lumbar spine after posterolateral fusion determined by roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis. Spine 15:347\u2013350","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00307825","volume":"5","author":"B Johnson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Johnson B, Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m L, Olerud C, Andr\u00e9ason I, Bring J, Rauschning W (1996) Outcome after limited posterior surgery for thoracic spine metastases. Eur Spine J 5: 36\u201344","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kabins MB, Weinstein IN, Spratt KF, Found EM, Chen JH, Woody J, Sayre H (1991) Isolated L4-L5 floating fusions using the variable screw placement system: unilateral vs. bilateral. Presented at the Annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, Heidelberg","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199203000-00006"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198505000-00016","volume":"10","author":"K Kaneda","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kaneda K, Satoh S, Nohara Y, Oguma T (1985) Distraction rod instrumentation with posterolateral fusion in isthmic spondylolisthesis: 53 cases followed for 18\u201389 months. Spine 10:383\u2013389","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198602000-00019","volume":"203","author":"K Kaneda","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kaneda K, Kazama H, Satoh S, Fujiya M (1986) Follow-up study of medial facetectomies and posterolateral fusion with instrumentation in unstable degenerative spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop 203:159\u2013167","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173060-00003","volume":"73","author":"JN Katz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Katz JN, Lipson SJ, Larson MG, McInnes JM, Fossel AH, Liang MH (1991) The outcome of decompressive laminectomy for degenerative lumbar stenosis. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 73:809\u2013816","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199406000-00014","volume":"19","author":"NH Kim","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kim NH, Lee HM, Chung IH, Kim HJ, Kim SJ (1994) Morphometric study of the pedicles of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in Koreans. Spine 19:1390\u20131394","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678508994343","volume":"56","author":"O Kiviluoto","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kiviluoto O, Santavirta S, Salenius P, Morri P (1985) Postero-lateral spine fusion. A 1\u20134 year follow-up of 80 consecutive patients. Acta Orthop Scand 56:152\u2013154","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199004000-00013","volume":"15","author":"JP Kostuik","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kostuik JP, Errico TJ, Gleason TF (1990) Luque instrumentation in degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine. Spine 15:318\u2013321","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199004000-00014","volume":"15","author":"JA Kozak","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kozak JA, O'Brien JP (1990) Simultaneous combined anterior and posterior fusion. An independent analysis of a treatment for the disabled lowback pain patient. Spine 15: 322\u2013328","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR86","first-page":"1177","volume-title":"The lumbar spine","author":"MH Krag","year":"1996","unstructured":"Krag MH (1996) Biomechanics of transpedicle spinal fixation. In: Wiesel SW, Weinstein JN, Herkowitz H, Dvorak J, Bell G (eds) The lumbar spine. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1177\u20131203"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR87","first-page":"75","volume":"203","author":"MH Krag","year":"1986","unstructured":"Krag MH, Beynnon BD, Pope MH, Frymoyer JW, Haugh LD, Weaver DL (1986) An internal fixator for posterior application to short segments of the thoracic, lumbar, or lumbosacral spine. Design and testing. Clin Orthop 203:75\u201398","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198801000-00007","volume":"13","author":"MH Krag","year":"1988","unstructured":"Krag MH, Weaver DL, Beynnon BD, Haugh LD (1988) Morphometry of the thoracic and lumbar spine related to transpedicular screw placement for surgical spinal fixation. Spine 13:27\u201331","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870040-00014","volume":"70","author":"MO Lagrone","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lagrone MO, Bradford DS, Moe JH, Lonstein JE, Winter RB, Ogilvie JW (1988) Treatment of symptomatic flatback after spinal fusion. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 70:569\u2013580","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199206000-00001","volume":"5","author":"WC Lauerman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lauerman WC, Bradford DS, Ogilvie JW, Transfeldt EE (1992) Results of lumbar pseudarthrosis repair. J Spinal Disord 5:149\u2013157","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR91","first-page":"85","volume":"117","author":"LE Laurent","year":"1976","unstructured":"Laurent LE, Ostermann K (1976) Operative treatment of spondylolisthesis in young patients. Clin Orthop 117: 85\u201391","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02200149","volume":"3","author":"E Laxer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Laxer E (1994) A further development in spinal instrumentation. Eur Spine J 3:347\u2013352","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199502000-00018","volume":"20","author":"CK Lee","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lee CK, Vessa P, Lee JK (1995) Chronic disabling low back pain syndrome caused by internal disc derangements. The results of disc excision and posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Spine 20:356\u2013361","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198703000-00004","volume":"12","author":"TR Lehmann","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lehmann TR, Spratt KF, Tozzi JE, Weinstein JN, Reinarz SJ, El-Koury GY, Colby H (1987) Long-term follow-up of lower lumbar fusion patients. Spine 12:97\u2013104","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S274","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199208001-00011","volume":"17","author":"LG Lenke","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K (1992) Preventing decompensation in King type II curves treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Strict guidelines for selective thoracic fusion. Spine 17: S274-S281","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR96","first-page":"137","volume":"73","author":"PF Leyvraz","year":"1987","unstructured":"Leyvraz PF, Guigoz JP (1987) R\u00e9sultats du traitement chirurgical du spondylolisthesis par greffes post\u00e9rolat\u00e9rales intertransversaires. A propos de 39 cas. Rev Chir Orthop 73:137\u2013141","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR97","first-page":"90","volume":"193","author":"PM Lin","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lin PM (1985) Posterior lumbar interbody fusion technique: complications and pitfalls. Clin Orthop 193:90\u2013102","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S140","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199103001-00020","volume":"16","author":"RW Lindsey","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lindsey RW, Dick W (1991) The fixateur interne in the reduction and stabilization of thoracolumbar spine fractures with neurologic defect. Spine 16: S140-S145","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR99","first-page":"143","volume":"16","author":"MA Linson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Linson MA, Williams H (1991) Anterior and combined anteroposterior fusion for lumbar disc pain. A preliminary study. Spine 16: 143\u2013145","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199004000-00012","volume":"15","author":"YK Liu","year":"1990","unstructured":"Liu YK, Njus GO, Bahr PA, Geng P (1990) Fatigue life improvement of nitrogen-ion-implanted pedicle screws. Spine 15:311\u2013317","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198803000-00027","volume":"13","author":"V Loguidice","year":"1988","unstructured":"Loguidice V, Johnson R, Guyer R, Stith W, Ohnmeiss D, Hochschuler S, Rashbaum R (1988) Anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Spine 13:366\u2013369","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S455","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199108001-00029","volume":"16","author":"M Lorenz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lorenz M, Zindrick M, Schwaegler P, Vrbos L, Collatz MA, Behal R, Cram R (1991) A comparison of single-level fusions with and without hardware. Spine 16:S455-S458","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198602000-00004","volume":"203","author":"R Louis","year":"1986","unstructured":"Louis R (1986) Fusion of the lumbar and sacral spine by internal fixation with screw plates. Clin Orthop 203: 18\u201333","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"BF01676569_CR104","first-page":"70","volume":"62","author":"R Louis","year":"1976","unstructured":"Louis R, Maresca C (1976) Les arthrod\u00e8se stables de la lombo-sacr\u00e9e (70 cas). Rev Chir Orthop [Suppl 11] 62:70","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00266339","volume":"1","author":"R Louis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Louis R, Maresca C (1977) Stabilisation chirurgicale avec reduction des spondylolyses et des spondylolisthe sis. Int Orthop 1: 215\u2013225","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198205000-00010","volume":"7","author":"ER Luque","year":"1982","unstructured":"Luque ER (1982a) The anatomic basis and development of segmental spinal instrumentation. Spine 7: 256\u2013259","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR107","first-page":"192","volume":"163","author":"ER Luque","year":"1982","unstructured":"Luque ER (1982b) Segmental spinal instrumentation for correction of scoliosis. Clin Orthop 163:192\u2013198","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR108","first-page":"126","volume":"203","author":"ER Luque","year":"1986","unstructured":"Luque ER (1986) Segmental spinal instrumentation of the lumbar spine. Clin Orthop 203:126\u2013134","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR109","first-page":"128","volume":"18","author":"ER Luque","year":"1989","unstructured":"Luque ER (1989) Segmental spinal instrumentation in neuromuscular scolioses. Orthopaede 18: 128\u2013133","journal-title":"Orthopaede"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199402001-00008","volume":"19","author":"MM MacMillan","year":"1994","unstructured":"MacMillan MM, Cooper R, Haid R (1994) Lumbar and lumbosacral fusions using Cotrel-Dubousset pedicle screws and rods. Spine 19:430\u2013434","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.53B4.628","volume":"53","author":"I Macnab","year":"1971","unstructured":"Macnab I, Dall D (1971) The blood supply of the lumbar spine and its application to the technique of intertransverse lumbar fusion. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 53:628\u2013638","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-68448-7_40","volume-title":"Current concepts of external fixation of fractures","author":"F Magerl","year":"1982","unstructured":"Magerl F (1982) External skeletal fixation of the lower thoracic and the lumbar spine. In: Uhthoff H (ed) Current concepts of external fixation of fractures. Springer, Berlin, pp 353\u2013366"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR113","first-page":"553","volume-title":"External skeletal fixation","author":"F Magerl","year":"1983","unstructured":"Magerl F (1983) Clinical application on the thoracolumbar junction and the lumbar spine. In: Mears DC (ed) External skeletal fixation. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore London, pp 553\u2013575"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198807000-00009","volume":"232","author":"F Magerl","year":"1988","unstructured":"Magerl F, Coscia M (1988) Total posterior vertebrectomy of the thoracic or lumbar spine. Clin Orthop 232:62\u201369","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR115","first-page":"5304","volume":"17","author":"DG Marchesi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Marchesi DG, Aebi M (1992) Pedicle fixation devices in the treatment of adult lumbar scoliosis. Spine 17: 5304\u20138309","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02107905","volume":"10","author":"D Marchesi","year":"1988","unstructured":"Marchesi D, Schneider E, Glauser P, Aebi M (1988) Morphometric analysis of the thoracolumbar and lumbar pedicles, anatomo-radiologic study. Surg Radiol Anat 10: 317\u2013322","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S162","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199103001-00024","volume":"16","author":"DG Marchesi","year":"1991","unstructured":"Marchesi DG, Thalgott JS, Aebi M (1991) The application and results of the AO-internal fixator in non-traumatic indications. Spine 16: S162-S169","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00300939","volume":"1","author":"DG Marchesi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Marchesi DG, Boos N, Zuber K, Aebi M (1992) Translaminar facet joint screws to enhance segmental fusion of the lumbar spine. Eur Spine J 1: 125\u2013130","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2256","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199410151-00002","volume":"19","author":"SM Mardjetko","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mardjetko SM, Connolly PJ, Shott S (1994) Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. A meta-analysis of the lit erature 1970\u20131993. Spine 19: S2256-S2265","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR120","first-page":"34","volume":"203","author":"HH Matthias","year":"1986","unstructured":"Matthias HH, Heine J (1986) The surgical reduction of spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop 203:34\u201344","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S422","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199108001-00022","volume":"16","author":"PC McAfee","year":"1991","unstructured":"McAfee PC, Weiland DJ (1991) Survival analysis of pedicular fixation systems. Spine 16: S422\u20138427","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199109000-00014","volume":"4","author":"RF McLain","year":"1991","unstructured":"McLain RF, Kabins M, Weinstein JN (1991) VSP stabilization of lumbar neoplasms: technical considerations and complications. J Spinal Disord 4: 359\u2013365","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.69B1.3818727","volume":"69","author":"MJ McMaster","year":"1987","unstructured":"McMaster MJ (1987) Anterior and posterior instrumentation and fusion of thoracolumbar scoliosis due to myelomeningocele. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 69:20\u201325","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197909000-00007","volume":"4","author":"I McPhee","year":"1979","unstructured":"McPhee I, O'Brian J (1979) Reduction of severe spondylolisthesis. A preliminary report. Spine 4:430\u2013434","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971080-00008","volume":"71","author":"CH Mielke","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mielke CH, Lonstein JE, Denis F, Vandenbrink K, Winter RB (1989) Surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A comparative analysis. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 71: 1170\u20131177","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199406000-00019","volume":"76","author":"N Mishra","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mishra N, Yahiro M, Morrey BF (1994) Current concepts review. The Food and Drug Administration's reg ulation of orthopaedic devices. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 76:919\u2013922","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199102000-00013","volume":"263","author":"MM Mitsunaga","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mitsunaga MM, Chong G, Maes KE (1991) Microscopically assisted posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Clin Orthop 263:121\u2013127","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100070115","volume":"7","author":"JM Moran","year":"1989","unstructured":"Moran JM, Berg WS, Berry JL, Geiger JM, Steffee AD (1989) Transpedicular screw fixation. J Or thop Res 7:107\u2013114","journal-title":"J Or thop Res"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199403000-00017","volume":"19","author":"BJ Morse","year":"1994","unstructured":"Morse BJ, Ebraheim NA, Jackson WT (1994) Preoperative CT determination of angles for sacral screw placement. Spine 19:604\u2013607","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.76B4.8027130","volume":"76","author":"RC Mulholland","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mulholland RC (1994) Pedicle screw fixation in the spine. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 76:517\u2013519","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199012000-00022","volume":"15","author":"RJ Nasca","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nasca RJ, Littlefield PD (1990) Knodt rod distraction instrumentation in lumbosacral arthrodesis. Spine 15: 1356\u20131359","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR132","first-page":"191","volume":"203","author":"JP O'Brien","year":"1986","unstructured":"O'Brien JP, Dawson MH, Heard CW, Momberger G, Speck G, Weatherly CR (1986) Simultaneous combined anterior and posterior fusion. A surgical solution for failed spinal surgery with a brief review of the first 150 patients. Clin Orthop 203: 191\u2013195","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197711000-00022","volume":"129","author":"TH Olsson","year":"1977","unstructured":"Olsson TH, Selvik G, Willner S (1977) Mobility in the lumbosacral spine after fusion studied with the aid of roentgen stereophotogrammetry. Clin Orthop 129:181\u2013190","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR134","first-page":"121","volume":"117","author":"K Ostermann","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ostermann K, Lindholm TS, Laurent LE (1976) Late results of removal of the loose posterior element (Gill's op eration) in the treatment of lytic lumbar spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop 117:121\u2013128","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971010-00011","volume":"71","author":"RD Peek","year":"1989","unstructured":"Peek RD, Wiltse LL, Reynolds JB, Thomas JC, Guyer DW, Widell EH (1989) In situ arthrodesis without de compression for grade-III or IV isthmic spondylolisthesis in adults who have severe sciatica. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 71:62\u201368","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198605000-00010","volume":"6","author":"PD Pizzutillo","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pizzutillo PD, Mirenda W, MacEwen GD (1986) Posterolateral fusion for spondylolisthesis in adolescence. J Pediatr Orthop 6: 311\u2013316","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198607000-00012","volume":"11","author":"DJ Prolo","year":"1986","unstructured":"Prolo DJ, Oklund SA, Butcher M (1986) Toward uniformity in evaluating results of lumbar spine operations. A paradigm applied to posterior lumbar interbody fusions. Spine 11: 601\u2013606","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678208992258","volume":"53","author":"TS Raugstad","year":"1982","unstructured":"Raugstad TS, Harbo K, Oogberg A, Skeie S (1982) Anterior interbody fusion of the lumbar spine. Acta Orthop Scand 53:561\u2013565","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3109\/17453676608993271","volume":"37","author":"SD Rolander","year":"1966","unstructured":"Rolander SD (1966) Motion of the lumbar spine with special reference to the stabilizing effect of posterior fusion. Acta Orthop Scand [Suppl] 37: 117\u2013144","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand [Suppl]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196648070-00003","volume":"48","author":"C Rombold","year":"1966","unstructured":"Rombold C (1966) Treatment of spondylolisthesis by posterolateral fusion, resection of the pars interarticularis, and prompt mobilization of the patient. An end-result study of seventy-three patients. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 48:1282","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR141","first-page":"1447","volume":"78","author":"R Roy-Camille","year":"1970","unstructured":"Roy-Camille R (1970) Ost\u00e9osynth\u00e9se du rachis dorsal, lombaire et lombosacr\u00e9 par plaque m\u00e9talliques vis\u00e9es dans p\u00e9dicules vert\u00e9braux et les apophyses articulaires. Presse M\u00e9d 78: 1447\u20131448","journal-title":"Presse M\u00e9d"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198602000-00003","volume":"203","author":"R Roy-Camille","year":"1986","unstructured":"Roy-Camille R, Saillant G, Mazel C (1986) Internal fixation of the lumbar spine with pedicle screw plating. Clin Orthop 203:7\u201317","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679309160135","volume":"251","author":"R Roy-Camille","year":"1993","unstructured":"Roy-Camille R, Benazet JP, Desauge JP, Kuntz F (1993) Lumbosacral fusion with pedicular screw plating in strumentation. A 10-year follow-up. Acta Orthop Scand [Suppl] 251: 100\u2013104","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand [Suppl]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR144","first-page":"151","volume":"62","author":"G Saillant","year":"1976","unstructured":"Saillant G (1976) Etude anatomique des p\u00e9diculas vert\u00e9braux. Rev Chir Orthop 62: 151\u2013160","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199303010-00008","volume":"18","author":"RC Sasso","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sasso RC, Cotler HB (1993) Posterior instrumentation and fusion for unstable fractures and fracture-dislocations of the thoracic and lumbar spine. A comparative study of three fixation devices in 70 patients. Spine 18:450\u2013460","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR146","first-page":"449","volume":"10","author":"R Savini","year":"1984","unstructured":"Savini R, Ghirardini GL, Morandi M, Pellacci F (1984) Posterolateral lumbosacral arthrodesis (PLA.). A study of 85 cases. Ital J Orthop Traumatol 10:449\u2013460","journal-title":"Ital J Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072030-00008","volume":"72","author":"PL Schoenecker","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schoenecker PL, Cole HO, Herring JA, Capelli AM, Bradford DS (1990) Cauda equina syndrome after in situ arthrodesis for severe spondylolisthesis at the lumbosacral junction. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 72:369\u2013377","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR148","first-page":"145","volume":"14","author":"D Schbllner","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schbllner D (1990) One stage-reduction and fusion for spondylolisthesis. Int Orthop 14:145\u2013150","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198810000-00002","volume":"13","author":"PV Scoles","year":"1988","unstructured":"Scoles PV, Linton AE, Latimer B, Levy ME, Digiovanni BF (1988) Vertebral body and posterior element morphology: the normal spine in middle life. Spine 13:1082\u20131086","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B2.2312566","volume":"72","author":"S Seitsalo","year":"1990","unstructured":"Seitsalo S, \u00d6sterman K, Hyv\u00e4rinen H, Schlenzka D, Poussa M (1990) Severe spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 72: 259\u2013265","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.63B2.7217154","volume":"63","author":"S Sijbrandij","year":"1981","unstructured":"Sijbrandij S (1981) A new technique for the reduction and stabilisation of severe spondylolisthesis. A report of two cases. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 63: 266\u2013271","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR152","first-page":"1652","volume-title":"Spine care. Diagnosis and conservative treatment","author":"E Simmons","year":"1995","unstructured":"Simmons E (1995) Arthritic spinal deformity \u2014 ankylosing spondylitis. In: White AH, Schofferman JA (eds) Spine care. Diagnosis and conservative treatment. Mosby-Year Book, St Louis, pp 1652\u20131719"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199206001-00009","volume":"17","author":"ED Simmons Jr","year":"1992","unstructured":"Simmons ED Jr, Simmons EH (1992) Spinal stenosis with scoliosis. Spine 17:S117-S120","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19930601-07","volume":"16","author":"JM Simpson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Simpson JM, Ebraheim NA, Jackson WT, Chung S (1993) Internal fixation of the thoracic and lumbar spine using Roy-Camille plates. Orthopedics 16: 663\u2013672","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072030-00015","volume":"72","author":"MD Smith","year":"1990","unstructured":"Smith MD, Bohlman HH (1990) Spondylolisthesis treated by a singlestage operation combining decompression with in situ posterolateral and anterior fusion. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 72:415\u2013421","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199312000-00020","volume":"297","author":"J Soini","year":"1993","unstructured":"Soini J, Laine T, Pohjolainen T, Hurri H, Alaranta H (1993) Spondylolisthesis augmented by transpedicular fixa tion in the treatment of olisthetic and degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine. Clin Orthop 297:111\u2013116","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677809005764","volume":"49","author":"KH Sorensen","year":"1978","unstructured":"Sorensen KH (1978) Anterior interbody lumbar spine fusion for incapacitating disc degeneration and spondy lolisthesis. Acta Orthop Scand 49: 269\u2013277","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679308994520","volume":"64","author":"A Stark","year":"1993","unstructured":"Stark A, Saraste H (1993) Anterior fusion insufficient for scoliosis in myelomeningocele. 8 children 2\u20136 years after the Zielke operation. Acta Orthop Scand 64:22\u201324","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199307000-00007","volume":"18","author":"AD Steffee","year":"1993","unstructured":"Steffee AD, Brantigan JW (1993) The variable screw placement spinal fixation system. Report of a prospective study of 250 patients enrolled in Food and Drug Administration clinical trials. Spine 18: 1160\u20131172","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254040-00006","volume":"54","author":"R Stauffer","year":"1972","unstructured":"Stauffer R, Coventry M (1972a) Anterior interbody lumbar spine fusion. J Bone Joint Surg Am 54:756\u2013768","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254060-00006","volume":"54","author":"RN Stauffer","year":"1972","unstructured":"Stauffer RN, Coventry MB (1972b) Posterolateral lumbar-spine fusion. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 54:1195\u20131204","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR162","first-page":"99","volume":"227","author":"A Steffee","year":"1988","unstructured":"Steffee A, Sitkowski D (1988a) Posterior lumbar interbody fusion and plates. Clin Orthop 227:99\u2013102","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR163","first-page":"82","volume":"227","author":"AD Steffee","year":"1988","unstructured":"Steffee AD, Sitkowski DJ (1988b) Reduction and stabilization of grade IV spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop 227: 82\u201389","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR164","first-page":"45","volume":"203","author":"AD Steffee","year":"1986","unstructured":"Steffee AD, Biscup RS, Sitkowski DJ (1986a) Segmental spine plates with pedicle screw fixation. A new internal fixation device for disorders of the lumbar and thoracolumbar spine. Clin Orthop 203:45\u201353","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR165","first-page":"203","volume":"203","author":"AD Steffee","year":"1986","unstructured":"Steffee AD, Sitkowski DJ, Toham LS (1986b) Total vertebral body and pedicle arthroplasty. Clin Orthop 203: 203\u2013208","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199506020-00012","volume":"20","author":"SI Suk","year":"1995","unstructured":"Suk SI, Lee CK, Kim WJ, Chung YJ, Park YB (1995) Segmental pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of tho racic idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 20: 1399\u20131405","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678408992955","volume":"55","author":"LJ Taylor","year":"1984","unstructured":"Taylor LJ, Gardner AD (1984) Knodt rod fusion of the lumbar spine. Acta Orthop Scand 55:542\u2013544","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199403000-00008","volume":"19","author":"HT Temple","year":"1994","unstructured":"Temple HT, Kruse RW, van Dam BE (1994) Lumbar and lumbosacral fusion using Steffee instrumentation. Spine 19:537\u2013541","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678508993016","volume":"56","author":"E Thomasen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Thomasen E (1985) Intercorporal lumbar spondylodesis. 312 patients followed for 2\u201320 years. Acta Orthop Scand 56:287\u2013293","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199009000-00017","volume":"15","author":"JP Thompson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Thompson JP, Transfeldt EE, Bradford DS, Ogilvie JW, Boachie-Adjei O (1990) Decompensation after Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation of idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 15:927\u2013931","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456080-00014","volume":"56","author":"WA Thompson","year":"1974","unstructured":"Thompson WA, Gristina AG, Healy WA Jr (1974) Lumbosacral spine fusion. A method of bilateral posterolat eral fusion combined with a Hibbs fusion. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 56: 1643\u20131647","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196244030-00008","volume":"44","author":"G Truchly","year":"1962","unstructured":"Truchly G, Thompson W (1962) Posterolateral fusion of lumbosacral spine. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 44:505\u2013512","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490070089049","volume":"268","author":"JA Turner","year":"1992","unstructured":"Turner JA, Ersek M, Herron L, Haselkorn J, Kent D, Ciol MA, Deyo R (1992) Patient outcomes after lumbar spinal fusions. JAMA 268:907\u2013911","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153070-00005","volume":"53","author":"R Turner","year":"1971","unstructured":"Turner R, Bianco A (1971) Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in children and teenagers. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 53:1298\u20131306","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5157","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199512151-00014","volume":"20","author":"AR Vaccaro","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vaccaro AR, Garfin SR (1995) Internal fixation (pedicle screw fixation) for fusions of the lumbar spine. Spine 20:5157-S165","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199508000-00008","volume":"77","author":"AR Vaccaro","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vaccaro AR, Rizzolo SJ, Allardyce TJ, Ramsey M, Salvo J, Balderston RA, Coder JM (1995) Placement of pedicle screws in the thoracic spine. Morphometric analysis of the thoracic vertebrae. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 77:1193\u20131199","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197901000-00011","volume":"4","author":"H Verbiest","year":"1979","unstructured":"Verbiest H (1979) The treatment of spondyloptosis or impending lumbar spondyloptosis accompanied by neurologic deficit and\/or neurogenic intermittent claudication. Spine 4:68\u201377","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR178","first-page":"619","volume":"47","author":"A Vincent","year":"1981","unstructured":"Vincent A, Tshiakatumba ML, De Nayer P, Lokietek W, Maldague B, Malghem J, Rombouts JJ (1981) Arthrod\u00e8se post\u00e9ro-lat\u00e9rale du rachis lombaire. R\u00e9sultats a long terme. Acta Orthop Belg 47:619\u2013635","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198905000-00002","volume":"9","author":"WT Ward","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ward WT, Wenger DR, Roach JW (1989) Surgical correction of myelomeningocele scoliosis: a critical appraisal of various spinal instrumentation systems. J Pediatr Orthop 9: 262\u2013268","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR180","first-page":"41","volume":"95","author":"W Wawro","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wawro W, Boos N, Aebi M (1992) Technik der operativen Korrektur posttraumatischer Kyphosen. Unfall chirurgie 95:41\u201346","journal-title":"Unfall chirurgie"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00298409","volume":"4","author":"JK Webb","year":"1995","unstructured":"Webb JK, Burwell RG, Cole AA, Lieberman I (1995) Posterior instrumentation in scoliosis. Eur Spine J 4: 2\u20135","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR182","first-page":"100","volume":"1","author":"IN Weinstein","year":"1989","unstructured":"Weinstein IN, Rydevik BL (1989) The pain of spondylolisthesis. Semin Spine Surg 1:100\u2013105","journal-title":"Semin Spine Surg"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173080-00006","volume":"73","author":"JL West","year":"1991","unstructured":"West JL, Bradford DS, Ogilvie JW (1991) Results of spinal arthrodesis with pedicle screw-plate fixation. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 73:1179\u20131184","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR184","first-page":"590","volume-title":"Clinical biomechanics of the spine","author":"AA White","year":"1990","unstructured":"White AA, Panjabi MM (1990) Clinical biomechanics of the spine, 2nd edn. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 590\u2013608","edition":"2nd edn."},{"key":"BF01676569_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198904000-00027","volume":"14","author":"TS Whitecloud III","year":"1989","unstructured":"Whitecloud III TS, Butler JC, Cohen JL, Candelora PD (1989) Complications with the variable spinal plating system. Spine 14:472\u2013476","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199504000-00017","volume":"20","author":"GW Wood","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wood GW, Boyd RJ, Carothers TA, Mansfield FL, Rechtine GR, Rozen MJ, Sutterlin CE (1995) The effect of pedicle screw\/plate fixation on lumbar\/lumbosacral autogenous bone graft fusions in patients with degenerative disc disease. Spine 20: 819\u2013830","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR187","first-page":"5404","volume":"16","author":"KB Wood","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wood KB, Transfeldt EE, Ogilvie JW, Schendel MJ, Bradford DS (1991) Rotational changes of the vertebral-pelvic axis following CotrelDubousset instrumentation. Spine16: 5404\u20135408","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2274","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199410151-00004","volume":"19","author":"MA Yahiro","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yahiro MA (1994a) Comprehensive literature review. Pedicle screw fixation devices. Spine 19: S2274-S2278","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2297","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199410151-00006","volume":"19","author":"MA Yahiro","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yahiro MA (1994b) Review of the \u201cHistorical study of pedicle screw fixation in thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal fusions\u201d report. Spine 19: S2297\u201352299","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199111000-00014","volume":"16","author":"K Yashiro","year":"1991","unstructured":"Yashiro K, Homma T, Hokari Y, Katsumi Y, Okumura H, Hirano A (1991) The Steffee variable screw placement system using different methods of bone grafting. Spine 16:1329\u20131334","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2279","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199410151-00005","volume":"19","author":"HA Yuan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yuan HA, Garfin SR, Dickman CA, Mardjetko SM (1994) A historical cohort study of pedicle screw fixation in thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spinal fusions. Spine 19: S2279\u201352296","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199306150-00006","volume":"18","author":"TA Zdeblick","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zdeblick TA (1993) A prospective, randomized study of lumbar fusion. Preliminary results. Spine 18:983\u2013991","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198703000-00012","volume":"12","author":"MR Zindrick","year":"1987","unstructured":"Zindrick MR, Wiltse LL, Doornik A, Widell EH, Knight GW, Patwardhan AG, Thomas JC, Rothman SL, Fields BT (1987) Analysis of the morpho metric characteristics of the thoracic and lumbar pedicles. Spine 12: 160\u2013166","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198805000-00024","volume":"13","author":"J Zuchermann","year":"1988","unstructured":"Zuchermann J, Hsu K, White A, Wynne G (1988) Early results of spinal fusion using variable spine plating system. Spine 13:570\u2013579","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BF01676569_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199207000-00018","volume":"17","author":"J Zucherman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Zucherman J, Hsu K, Picetti GD, White A, Wynne G, Taylor L (1992) Clinical efficacy of spinal instrumen tation in lumbar degenerative disc disease. Spine 17:834\u2013837","journal-title":"Spine"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01676569.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF01676569\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01676569","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T02:08:38Z","timestamp":1683079718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF01676569"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"references-count":195,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BF01676569"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01676569","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}}}