{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T12:52:01Z","timestamp":1789131121867,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]],"date-time":"1997-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":880934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf01700554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,10]],"date-time":"2005-06-10T17:48:38Z","timestamp":1118425718000},"page":"883-892","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with a cooling tower in Genova-Sestri Ponente, Italy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Castellani Pastoris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Ciceroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Monaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Goldoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Mentore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Flego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Cattani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ciarrocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Visca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF01700554_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115370","volume":"130","author":"DG Addiss","year":"1989","unstructured":"Addiss DG, Davis JP, Laventure M, Wand PJ, Hutchinson MA, McKinney RM: Community-acquired Legionnaires' disease associated with a cooling tower: evidence for longer-distance transport ofLegionella pneumophila. American Journal of Epidemiology 1989, 130: 557\u2013568.","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR2","first-page":"90","volume-title":"Legionella infections","author":"CLR Bartlett","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bartlett CLR, Macrae AD, Macfarlane JT: Environmental sources of infection and modes of transmission. In: Bartlett CLR, Macrae AD, Macfarlane JT (ed):Legionella infections. Edward Arnold, London, 1986, p. 90\u2013119."},{"key":"BF01700554_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800052420","volume":"116","author":"JC Bell","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bell JC, Jorm LR, Williamson M, Shaw NH, Kazandjian DL, Chiew R, Capon AG: Legionellosis linked with a hotel car park \u2014 how many were infected? Epidemiology and Infection 1996, 116: 185\u2013192.","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.302.6773.378","volume":"302","author":"RS Bhopal","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bhopal RS, Fallon RJ, Buist EC, Black RJ, Urquhart JD: Proximity of the home to a cooling tower and risk of nonoutbreak Legionnaires' disease. British Medical Journal 1991, 302: 378\u2013383.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR5","first-page":"60","volume-title":"Legionella and building services","author":"GW Brundrett","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brundrett GW: Epidemics from cooling towers and industrial processes. In: Brundrett GW (ed):Legionella and building services. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1992, p. 60\u2013108."},{"key":"BF01700554_CR6","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Legionella and building services","author":"GW Brundrett","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brundrett GW: Outbreak at Stafford District General Hospital. In: Brundrett GW (ed):Legionella and building services. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1992, p. 109\u2013137."},{"key":"BF01700554_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1991.tb03007.x","volume":"21","author":"S Cameron","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cameron S, Roder D, Walker C, Feldheim J: Epidemiological characteristics ofLegionella infection in South Australia: implications for disease control. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 1991, 21: 65\u201370.","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520060024012","volume":"272","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1994","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Legionnaires' disease associated with cooling towers \u2014 Massachusetts, Michigan, and Rhode Island, 1993. Journal of the American Medical Association 1994, 272: 426\u2013427.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133302.x","volume":"147","author":"PJ Christopher","year":"1987","unstructured":"Christopher PJ, Noonan LM, Chiew R: Epidemic of Legionnaires' disease in Wollongong. Medical Journal of Australia 1987, 147: 127\u2013128.","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR10","volume-title":"Report of the Westminster Action Committee","author":"D Cunningham","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cunningham D: Broadcasting House Legionnaires' disease. Report of the Westminster Action Committee. Department of Environmental Services, Westminster Council House, London, 1988."},{"key":"BF01700554_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800048767","volume":"107","author":"DA Hunt","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hunt DA, Cartwright KA, Smith MC, Middleton J, Bartlett CLR, Lee JV, Dennis PJ, Harper D: An outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in Gloucester. Epidemiology and Infection 1991, 107: 133\u2013141.","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1080\/15298668891380268","volume":"49","author":"PW Muraca","year":"1988","unstructured":"Muraca PW, Stout JE, Yu VL, Yee YC: Legionnaires' disease in the work environment: implications for environmental health. American Industrial Hygiene Association 1988, 49: 584\u2013590.","journal-title":"American Industrial Hygiene Association"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800030648","volume":"103","author":"M O'Mahony","year":"1989","unstructured":"O'Mahony M, Lakhani A, Stephens A, Wallace JG, Youngs ER, Harper D: Legionnaires' disease and the sickbuilding syndrome. Epidemiology and Infection 1989, 103: 285\u2013292.","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR14","first-page":"341","volume":"16","author":"JM Watson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Watson JM, Mitchell E, Gabbay J, Maguire H, Boyle M, Bruce J, Tomlinson M, Lee J, Harrison TG, Uttley A, O'Mahony M, Cunningham D: Piccadilly Circus Legionnaires' disease outbreak. Journal of Public Health and Medicine 1994, 16: 341\u2013347.","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health and Medicine"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.2.257","volume":"22","author":"DW Keller","year":"1996","unstructured":"Keller DW, Hajjeh R, De Maria A Jr, Fields BS, Pruckler JM, Benson RS, Kludt PE, Lett SM, Mermel LA, Giorgio C, Breiman RF: Community outbreak of Legionnaires' disease: an investigation confirming the potential for cooling towers to transmitLegionella species. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1996, 22: 257\u2013261.","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116895","volume":"138","author":"WG Hlady","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hlady WG, Mullen RC, Mintz CS, Shelton BG, Hopkins RS, Daikos GL: Outbreak of Legionnaires' disease linked to a decorative fountain by molecular epidemiology. American Journal of Epidemiology 1993, 138: 555\u2013562.","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2872","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.11.2872-2875.1995","volume":"33","author":"JM Pruckler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pruckler JM, Mermel LA, Benson RF, Giorgio C, Cassiday PK, Breiman RF, Whitney GC, Fields BS: Comparison ofLegionella pneumophila isolates by arbitrarily primed PCR and pulsed-field electrophoresis: analysis from seven epidemic investigations. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1995, 33: 2872\u20132875.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR18","first-page":"155","volume":"68","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1990","unstructured":"World Health Organization: Epidemiology, prevention and control of legionellosis. Memorandum from a WHO meeting. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1990, 68: 155\u2013164.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80971-0","volume":"274","author":"B Cacciapuoti","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cacciapuoti B, Ciceroni L, Attard Barbini D: Fatty acid profiles in the familyLeptospiraceae. Zentralblatt f\u00fcr Bakteriologie 1990, 274: 16\u201327.","journal-title":"Zentralblatt f\u00fcr Bakteriologie"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR20","first-page":"16","volume":"282","author":"JH Helbig","year":"1994","unstructured":"Helbig JH, L\u00fcck PC, Witzleb W: Serogroup-specific and serogroup-cross-reactive epitopes ofLegionella pneumophila. International Journal of Medical Microbiology Virology Parasitology and Infectious Diseases 1994, 282: 16\u201323.","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology Virology Parasitology and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400062641","volume":"95","author":"ID Watkins","year":"1985","unstructured":"Watkins ID, Tobin J O'H, Dennis PJ, Brown W, Newnham R, Kurtz JB:Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 subgrouping by monoclonal antibodies \u2014 an epidemiological tool. Journal of Hygiene 1985, 95: 211\u2013216.","journal-title":"Journal of Hygiene"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-136-6-1161","volume":"136","author":"L Giovannetti","year":"1990","unstructured":"Giovannetti L, Ventura S, Bazzicalupo M, Fani R, Materassi R: DNA restriction fingerprints analysis of the soil bacteriumAzospirillum. Journal of General Microbiology 1990, 136: 1161\u20131166.","journal-title":"Journal of General Microbiology"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-619X(81)90058-5","volume":"6","author":"J Brosius","year":"1981","unstructured":"Brosius J, Ullrich A, Raker MA, Gray A, Dull TJ, Gutell RR, Noller HF: Construction and fine mapping of recombinant plasmids containing therrn B ribosomal RNA operon ofEscherichia coli. Plasmid 1981, 6: 112\u2013118.","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR24","first-page":"382","volume-title":"Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual","author":"J Sambrook","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T: Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1989, p. 382\u2013389."},{"key":"BF01700554_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3226","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.57.11.3226-3231.1991","volume":"57","author":"PC L\u00fcck","year":"1991","unstructured":"L\u00fcck PC, Bender L, Ott M, Helbig JH, Hacker J: Analysis ofLegionella pneumophila serogroup 6 strains isolated from a hospital warm water supply over a threeyear period by using genomic long-range mapping techniques and monoclonal antibodies. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1991, 57: 3226\u20133231.","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-142-1-3","volume":"142","author":"V G\u00fcrtler","year":"1996","unstructured":"G\u00fcrtler V, Stanisich VA: New approaches to typing and identification of bacteria using the 16S-23S rDNA spacer region. Microbiology 1996, 142: 3\u201316.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR27","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Legionella and building services","author":"GW Brundrett","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brundrett GW: Cooling towers. In: Brundrett GW (ed):Legionella and building services. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1992, p. 201\u2013261."},{"key":"BF01700554_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.7.1940-1942.1993","volume":"31","author":"P Gomez-Lus","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gomez-Lus P, Fields BS, Benson RF, Martin WT, O'Connor SP, Black CM: Comparison of arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction, ribotyping, and monoclonal antibody analysis for subtypingLegionella pneumophila serogroup 1. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1993, 31: 1940\u20131942.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-43-1-50","volume":"43","author":"PC L\u00fcck","year":"1995","unstructured":"L\u00fcck PC, Birtles RJ, Helbig JH: Correlation of MAb subgroups with genotype in closely relatedLegionella pneumophila serogroup 1 strains from a cooling tower. Journal of Medical Microbiology 1995, 43: 50\u201354.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(89)90093-X","volume":"12","author":"M Pfaller","year":"1989","unstructured":"Pfaller M, Hollis R, Johnson W, Massanari RM, Helms C, Wenzel R, Hall N, Moyer N, Joly J: The application of molecular and immunologic techniques to study the epidemiology ofLegionella pneumophila serogroup 1. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 1989, 12: 295\u2013302.","journal-title":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.30.6.1491-1498.1992","volume":"30","author":"D Schoonmaker","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schoonmaker D, Heimberger T, Birkhead G: Comparison of ribotyping and restriction enzyme analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for distinguishingLegionella pneumophila isolates obtained during a nosocomial outbreak. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1992, 30: 1491\u20131498.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.8.2198-2200.1993","volume":"31","author":"A Belkum Van","year":"1993","unstructured":"Van Belkum A, Struelens M, Quint W: Typing ofLegionella pneumophila strains by polymerase chain reaction-mediated DNA fingerprinting. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1993, 31: 2198\u20132200.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800059331","volume":"104","author":"TG Harrison","year":"1990","unstructured":"Harrison TG, Saunders NA, Haththotuwa A, Hallas G, Birtles RJ, Taylor AG: Phenotypic variation amongst genotypically homogeneousLegionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates: implications for the investigation of outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease. Epidemiology and Infection 1990, 104: 171\u2013180.","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.7.2995-2997.1994","volume":"62","author":"WS Mauchline","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mauchline WS, James BW, Fitzgeorge RB, Dennis PJ, Keevil CW: Growth temperature reversibly modulates the virulence ofLegionella pneumophila. Infection and Immunity 1994, 62: 2995\u20132997.","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"BF01700554_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1988.tb01501.x","volume":"65","author":"PJ Dennis","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dennis PJ, Lee V: Differences in aerosol survival between pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains ofLegionella pneumophila serogroup 1. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 1988, 65: 135\u2013141.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Bacteriology"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01700554.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF01700554\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01700554","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T16:09:38Z","timestamp":1586275778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF01700554"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]}},"alternative-id":["BF01700554"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01700554","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]}}}