{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:28:19Z","timestamp":1760131699897},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,7,1]],"date-time":"1990-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":646790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Inher Metab Disea"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cells from a particular portion of the cranial neural crest (cardiac neural crest) migrate from the neural fold into pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6, where they provide the support for the endothelium of the aortic arch arteries, and by migration into the outflow tract become involved in septation of the truncus arteriosus. Ablation of the premigratory cardiac neural crest results in persistent truncus arteriosus and other defects reminiscent of the DiGeorge syndrome in man. Removal of a small area of the cardiac neural crest causes a spectrum of heart defects classified together as dextraposed aorta including changes like that of Fallot's tetralogy in man. Some inflow tract anomalies have also been found. Pilot studies injecting phenylalanine into developing chick embryos at a very early stage had little effect on embryo viability or on the incidence of congenital heart defects. However, sham\u2010treated animals produced predominantly small simple ventricular septal defects but phenylalanine\u2010treated embryos had more serious and complex heart anomalies. It is not possible to say yet that congenital heart disease in the offspring of mothers with untreated phenylketonuria is due to phenylalanine\u2010induced damage to the neural crest, but the pilot studies in chick suggest that this idea is worth pursuing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01799518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,21]],"date-time":"2005-06-21T14:02:35Z","timestamp":1119362555000},"page":"634-640","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The effects of high phenylalanine concentration on chick embryonic development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"M. L.","family":"Kirby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Medical College of Georgia  Augusta Georgia 30912\u20102000 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. T.","family":"Miyagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Medical College of Georgia  Augusta Georgia 30912\u20102000 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"329","article-title":"Lipid composition of brain myelin from normal and hyperphenylalaninemic chick embryos","volume":"77","author":"Alejandre M. J.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. 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