{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T18:47:22Z","timestamp":1773427642300,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1985,12,1]],"date-time":"1985-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":502243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1985,12,1]],"date-time":"1985-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":502243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Origins Life Evol Biosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf01808175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,27]],"date-time":"2005-06-27T22:18:08Z","timestamp":1119910688000},"page":"299-318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The photochemistry of biogenic gases in the early and present atmosphere"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Joel S.","family":"Levine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommy R.","family":"Augustsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF01808175_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-3114-1_11","volume-title":"Mesospheric Models and Related Experiments","author":"M. Ackermann","year":"1971","unstructured":"Ackermann, M.: 1971, in G. Fiocco, (ed.),Mesospheric Models and Related Experiments, D. Reidel, Dordrecht, Holland, pp. 149\u2013159."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1063\/1.555664","volume":"11","author":"D. L. Baulch","year":"1982","unstructured":"Baulch, D. L., Cox, R. A., Crutzen, P. J., Hampson, R. F., Kerr, J. A., Troe, J., and Watson, R. T.: 1982,J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data\n11, 327.","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data"},{"key":"BF01808175_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/296816a0","volume":"296","author":"V. M. Canuto","year":"1982","unstructured":"Canuto, V. M., Levine, J. S., Augustsson, T. R., and Imhoff, C. L.: 1982,Nature\n296, 816.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF01808175_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/305281a0","volume":"305","author":"V. M. Canuto","year":"1983","unstructured":"Canuto, V. M., Levine, J. S., Augustsson, T. R., Imhoff, C. L., and Giampapa, M. S.: 1983,Nature\n305, 281.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF01808175_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/305281a0","volume":"305","author":"V. M. Canuto","year":"1983","unstructured":"Canuto, V. M., Levine, J. S., Augustsson, T. R., Imhoff, C. L., and Giampapa, M. S.: 1983,Nature\n305, 281.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF01808175_CR6","first-page":"38","volume":"60","author":"W. L. Chameides","year":"1982","unstructured":"Chameides, W. L. and Davis, D. D.: 1982,Chem. Eng. News\n60, 38.","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. News"},{"key":"BF01808175_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1029\/GL009i011p01221","volume":"9","author":"H. Craig","year":"1982","unstructured":"Craig, H. and Chou, C. C.: 1982,Geophys. Res. Lett.\n9, 1221.","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1029\/JC082i021p03125","volume":"82","author":"G. A. Dawson","year":"1977","unstructured":"Dawson, G. A.: 1977,J. Geophys. Res.\n82, 3125.","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1029\/GL007i011p00977","volume":"7","author":"T. E. Graedel","year":"1980","unstructured":"Graedel, T. E. and McRae, J. E.: 1980,Geophys. Res. Lett.\n7, 977.","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00926819","volume":"9","author":"M. H. Hart","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hart, M. H.: 1979,Origins of Life\n9, 261.","journal-title":"Origins of Life"},{"key":"BF01808175_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/287526a0","volume":"287","author":"A. Henderson-Sellers","year":"1980","unstructured":"Henderson-Sellers, A., and Schwartz, A. W.: 1980,Nature\n287, 526.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF01808175_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1029\/GL007i005p00313","volume":"7","author":"J. M. Hoell","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hoell, J. M., Harward, C. N., and Williams, B. S.: 1980,Geophys. Res. Lett.\n7, 313.","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.2514\/3.51051","volume":"20","author":"J. M. Hoell","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hoell, J. M., Levine, J. S., Augustsson, T. R., and Harward, C. N.: 1982,AIAA Journal\n20, 88.","journal-title":"AIAA Journal"},{"key":"BF01808175_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1029\/JC087iC04p03091","volume":"87","author":"J. F. Kasting","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kasting, J. F.: 1982,J. Geophys. Res.\n87, 3091.","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1029\/JC086iC02p01147","volume":"86","author":"J. F. Kasting","year":"1981","unstructured":"Kasting, J. F. and Walker, J. C. G.: 1981,J. Geophys. Res.\n86, 1147.","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.1983.tb00020.x","volume":"35B","author":"M. A. K. Khalil","year":"1983","unstructured":"Khalil, M. A. K. and Rasmussen, R. A.: 1983.Tellus\n35B, 161.","journal-title":"Tellus"},{"key":"BF01808175_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-1035(79)90126-X","volume":"37","author":"W. R. Kuhn","year":"1979","unstructured":"Kuhn, W. R. and Atreya, S. K.: 1979,Icarus\n37, 207.","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"BF01808175_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01733042","volume":"18","author":"J. S. Levine","year":"1982","unstructured":"Levine, J. S.: 1982,J. Molec. Evol.\n18, 161.","journal-title":"J. Molec. Evol."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00676926","volume":"1","author":"J. S. Levine","year":"1982","unstructured":"Levine, J. S. and Allario, F.: 1982,Environ. Monitor. Assess.\n1, 263.","journal-title":"Environ. Monitor. Assess."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-1035(79)90173-8","volume":"39","author":"J. S. Levine","year":"1979","unstructured":"Levine, J. S. and Boughner, R. E.: 1979,Icarus\n39, 310.","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"BF01808175_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1029\/GL007i005p00317","volume":"7","author":"J. S. Levine","year":"1980","unstructured":"Levine, J. S., Augustsson, T. R., and Hoell, J. M.: 1980,Geophys. Res. Lett.\n7, 317.","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7210","DOI":"10.1029\/JC086iC08p07210","volume":"86","author":"J. A. Logan","year":"1981","unstructured":"Logan, J. A., Prather, M. J., Wofsy, S. C., and McElroy, M. B.: 1981,J. Geophys. Res.\n86, 7210. Ponnamperuma (ed.),Comets and the Origin of Life, D. Reidel, Dordrecht, Holland, pp. 161\u2013190.","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1029\/GL007i005p00317","volume":"7","author":"J. S. Levine","year":"1980","unstructured":"Levine, J. S., Augustsson, T. R., and Hoell, J. M.: 1980,Geophys. Res. Lett.\n7, p. 317.","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7210","DOI":"10.1029\/JC086iC08p07210","volume":"86","author":"J. A. Logan","year":"1981","unstructured":"Logan, J. A., Prather, M. J., Wofsy, S. C., and McElroy, M. B.: 1981,J. Geophys. Res.\n86, 7210.","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusa.v26i1-2.9730","volume":"26","author":"J. E. Lovelock","year":"1974","unstructured":"Lovelock, J. E. and Margulis, L.: 1974,Tellus\n26, 1.","journal-title":"Tellus"},{"key":"BF01808175_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-1035(74)90150-X","volume":"21","author":"L. Margulis","year":"1974","unstructured":"Margulis, L. and Lovelock, J. E.: 1974,Icarus\n21, 471.","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"BF01808175_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01636882","volume":"16","author":"L. Margulis","year":"1978","unstructured":"Margulis, L. and Lovelock, J. E.: 1978,Pure Appl. Geophys.\n16, 239.","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Geophys."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1974)031<0287:AOPIOS>2.0.CO;2","volume":"31","author":"M. B. McElroy","year":"1974","unstructured":"McElroy, M. B., Wofsy, S. C., Penner, J. E., and McConnell, J. C.: 1974,J. Atmos. Sci.\n31, 287.","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(80)90274-7","volume":"14","author":"M. B. McElroy","year":"1980","unstructured":"McElroy, M. B., Wofsy, S. C., and Sze, N. D.: 1980,Atmos. Environ.\n14, 159.","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/190389a0","volume":"190","author":"J. Or\u00f3","year":"1961","unstructured":"Or\u00f3, J.: 1961,Nature\n190, 389.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF01808175_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9826","DOI":"10.1029\/JC086iC10p09826","volume":"86","author":"R. A. Rasmussen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Rasmussen, R. A. and Khalil, M. A. K.: 1981,J. Geophys. Res.\n86, 9826.","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1977)034<0639:DODAPR>2.0.CO;2","volume":"34","author":"D. R. Rundel","year":"1977","unstructured":"Rundel, D. R.: 1977,J. Atmos. Sci.\n34, 639.","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR33","unstructured":"Walker, J. C. G.: 1977,Evolution of the Atmosphere, Macmillan, New York, 318 pp."},{"key":"BF01808175_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1126\/science.194.4266.685","volume":"194","author":"W. C. Wang","year":"1976","unstructured":"Wang, W. C., Yung, Y. L., Lacis, A. A., Mo, T., and Hansen, J. E.: 1976,Science\n194, 685.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF01808175_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7185","DOI":"10.1029\/JC086iC08p07185","volume":"86","author":"R. F. Weiss","year":"1981","unstructured":"Weiss, R. F.: 1981,J. Geophys. Res.\n86, 7185.","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."}],"container-title":["Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01808175.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF01808175\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01808175","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01808175.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T16:30:13Z","timestamp":1704213013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF01808175"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,12]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,12]]}},"alternative-id":["BF01808175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01808175","relation":{},"ISSN":["0169-6149","1573-0875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0169-6149","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 1985","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}