{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T15:46:50Z","timestamp":1785858410789,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02053982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,11]],"date-time":"2005-08-11T17:32:57Z","timestamp":1123781577000},"page":"852-859","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Long-term effect of vaginal deliveries on anorectal function in normal perimenopausal women"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Allan Maltha","family":"Ryhammer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Laurberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Pernille","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"BF02053982_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13005.x","volume":"101","author":"AH Sultan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN. Pudendal nerve damage during labour: prospective study before and after childbirth. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994;101:22\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312233292601","volume":"329","author":"AH Sultan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Thomas JM, Bartram CI. Anal-sphincter disruption during vaginal delivery. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1905\u201311.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01648831","volume":"1","author":"SJ Snooks","year":"1986","unstructured":"Snooks SJ, Swash M, Henry MM, Setchell M. Risk factors in childbirth causing damage to the pelvic floor innervation. Int J Colorectal Dis 1986;1:20\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688507801105","volume":"78","author":"M Swash","year":"1985","unstructured":"Swash M, Snooks SJ, Henry MM. Unifying concept of pelvic floor disorders and incontinence. J R Soc Med 1985;78:906\u201311.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(93)90514-W","volume":"43","author":"AH Sultan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Bartram CI, Hudson CN. Anal sphincter trauma during instrumental delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1993;43:263\u201370.","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800771213","volume":"77","author":"SJ Snooks","year":"1990","unstructured":"Snooks SJ, Swash M, Mathers SE, Henry MM. Effect of vaginal delivery on the pelvic floor: a 5-year follow-up. Br J Surg 1990;77:1358\u201360.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800811143","volume":"81","author":"JS Jameson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jameson JS, Chia YW, Kamm MA, Speakman CT, Chye YH, Henry MM. Effect of age, sex and parity on anorectal function. Br J Surg 1994;81:1689\u201392.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02251969","volume":"35","author":"RL Cali","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cali RL, Blatchford GJ, Perry RE, Pitsch RM, Thorson AG, Christensen MA. Normal variation in anorectal manometry. Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:1161\u20134.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529008998561","volume":"25","author":"S Akervall","year":"1990","unstructured":"Akervall S, Nordgren S, Fasth S, Oresland T, Pettersson K, Hulten L. The effects of age, gender, and parity on rectoanal functions in adults. Scand J Gastroenterol 1990;25:1247\u201356.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296139","volume":"32","author":"SM McHugh","year":"1987","unstructured":"McHugh SM, Diamant NE. Effect of age, gender, and parity on anal canal pressures: contribution of impaired anal sphincter function to fecal incontinence. Dig Dis Sci 1987;32:726\u201336.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR11","first-page":"823","volume":"78","author":"K Haadem","year":"1991","unstructured":"Haadem K, Dahlstrom JA, Ling L. Anal sphincter competence in healthy women: clinical implications of age and other factors. Obstet Gynecol 1991;78:823\u20137.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)00966-6","volume":"17","author":"MB Siroky","year":"1990","unstructured":"Siroky MB. Interpretation of urinary flow rates. Urol Clin North Am 1990;17:537\u201342.","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(84)80118-3","volume":"86","author":"BM Taylor","year":"1984","unstructured":"Taylor BM, Beart RW Jr, Phillips SF. Longitudinal and radial variations of pressure in the human anal sphincter. Gastroenterology 1984;86:693\u20137.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800690813","volume":"69","author":"MM Henry","year":"1982","unstructured":"Henry MM, Parks AG, Swash M. The pelvic floor musculature in the descending perineum syndrome. Br J Surg 1982;69:470\u20132.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800710817","volume":"71","author":"ES Kiff","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kiff ES, Swash M. Slowed conduction in the pudendal nerves in idiopathic (neurogenic) faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 1984;71:614\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.8.1131","volume":"29","author":"J Rogers","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rogers J, Henry MM, Misiewicz JJ. Disposable pudendal nerve stimulator: evaluation of the standard instrument and new device. Gut 1988;29:1131\u20133.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02562120","volume":"32","author":"S Laurberg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Laurberg S, Swash M. Effects of aging on the anorectal sphincters and their innervation. Dis Colon Rectum 1989;32:737\u201342.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR18","first-page":"444","volume":"38","author":"RJ Felt Bersma","year":"1991","unstructured":"Felt Bersma RJ, Gort G, Meuwissen SG. Normal values in anal manometry and rectal sensation: a problem of range. Hepatogastroenterology 1991;38:444\u20139.","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.3.353","volume":"28","author":"JJ Bannister","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bannister JJ, Abouzekry L, Read NW. Effect of aging on anorectal function. Gut 1987;28:353\u20137.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90766-9","volume":"2","author":"SJ Snooks","year":"1984","unstructured":"Snooks SJ, Setchell M, Swash M, Henry MM. Injury to innervation of pelvic floor sphincter musculature in childbirth. Lancet 1984;2:546\u201350.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.22.2.126","volume":"22","author":"DM Matheson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Matheson DM, Keighley MR. Manometric evaluation of rectal prolapse and faecal incontinence. Gut 1981;22:126\u20139.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1984.tb02250.x","volume":"32","author":"V Loening-Baucke","year":"1984","unstructured":"Loening-Baucke V, Anuras S. Anorectal manometry in healthy elderly subjects. J Am Geriatr Soc 1984;32:636\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02048338","volume":"38","author":"AM Ryhammer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ryhammer AM, Bek KM, Laurberg S. Multiple vaginal deliveries increase the risk of permanent incontinence of flatus and urine in normal premenopausal women. Dis Colon Rectum 1995;38:1206\u20139.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6632.1300","volume":"296","author":"JV Jolleys","year":"1988","unstructured":"Jolleys JV. Reported prevalence of urinary incontinence in women in a general practice. BMJ 1988;296:1300\u20132.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)36415-7","volume":"149","author":"I Milsom","year":"1993","unstructured":"Milsom I, Ekelund P, Molander U, Arvidsson L, Areskoug B. The influence of age, parity, oral contraception, hysterectomy and menopause on the prevalence of urinary incontinence in women. J Urol 1993;149:1459\u201362.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349309156515","volume":"158","author":"U Molander","year":"1993","unstructured":"Molander U. Urinary incontinence and related urogenital symptoms in elderly women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl 1993;158:1\u201322.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1988.tb06153.x","volume":"36","author":"TA Teasdale","year":"1988","unstructured":"Teasdale TA, Taffet GE, Luchi RJ, Adam E. Urinary incontinence in a community-residing elderly population. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988;36:600\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.281.6250.1243","volume":"281","author":"TM Thomas","year":"1980","unstructured":"Thomas TM, Plymat KR, Blannin J, Meade TW. Prevalence of urinary incontinence. BMJ 1980;281:1243\u20135.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"BF02053982_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.46.6.595","volume":"46","author":"A Foldspang","year":"1992","unstructured":"Foldspang A, Mommsen S, Lam GW, Elving L. Parity as a correlate of adult female urinary incontinence prevalence. J Epidemiol Community Health 1992;46:595\u2013600.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"}],"container-title":["Diseases of the Colon &amp; Rectum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00003453-199639080-00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:53:29Z","timestamp":1785855209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00003453-199639080-00003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02053982","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3706"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3706","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]}}}