{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T16:16:40Z","timestamp":1788625000542,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":171,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02054062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,13]],"date-time":"2005-08-13T17:33:28Z","timestamp":1123954408000},"page":"444-460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Surgery for constipation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Johann","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feran","family":"Agachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Wexner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"BF02054062_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2471.1126","volume":"1","author":"WA Lane","year":"1908","unstructured":"Lane WA. Results of the operative treatment of chronic constipation. BMJ 1908;1:1126\u201330.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2625.915","volume":"1","author":"H Chappie","year":"1911","unstructured":"Chappie H. chronic intestinal stasis treated by short-circuiting or colectomy. BMJ 1911;1:915\u201322.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01536339","volume":"34","author":"A Sonnenberg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sonnenberg A, Koch TR. Physicians visits in the United States for constipation: 1958\u20131986. Dig Dis Sci 1989;34:606\u201311.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR4","first-page":"222","volume":"43","author":"WR Shouten","year":"1991","unstructured":"Shouten WR, De Graaf JR. Severe, long standing constipation in adults: indications for surgical treatment. Neth J Surg 1991;43:222\u20139.","journal-title":"Neth J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00341288","volume":"7","author":"D Kumar","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kumar D, Bartolo DC, Devroede G,et al. Symposion on constipation. Int J Colorectal Dis 1992;7:47\u201367.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.80.2.185","volume":"80","author":"RS Sandier","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sandier RS, Jordon MC, Skelton BJ. Demographic and dietary determinants of constipation in the U. S. population. Am J Public Health 1990;80:185\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR7","first-page":"99","volume":"4","author":"WE Whitehead","year":"1991","unstructured":"Whitehead WE, Chaussade S, Corazziari E, Kumar D. Report of an international workshop on management of constipation. Int Gastroenterol 1991;4:99\u2013113.","journal-title":"Int Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(82)80186-8","volume":"83","author":"DA Drossman","year":"1982","unstructured":"Drossman DA, Sandier RS, McKee DC, Lovitz AJ. Bowel patterns among subjects not seeking health care. Gastroenterology 1982;83:529\u201334.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554713","volume":"32","author":"A Sonnenberg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sonnenberg A, Koch TR. Epidemiology of constipation in the United States. Dis Colon Rectum 1989;32:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6819.87","volume":"304","author":"R Jones","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jones R, Lydeard S. Irritable bowel syndrome in the general population. BMJ 1992;304:87\u201390.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR11","first-page":"418","volume":"103","author":"GW Welch","year":"1990","unstructured":"Welch GW, Pomare EW. Functional gastrointestinal symptoms in a Wellington community sample. N Z Med J 1990;103:418\u201320.","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR12","first-page":"7","volume":"10","author":"G Bommelaer","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bommelaer G, Rouch M, Dapoigny M,et al. Epidemiology of intestinal functional disorders in an apparently healthy population. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1986; 10:7\u201312.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR13","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Diseases of the colon, rectum and anal canal","author":"MS Langman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Langman MS, Logan RF. The epidemiology of human colonic diseases. In: Kirsner JB, Shorter RG, eds. Diseases of the colon, rectum and anal canal. Baltimore: William & Wilkins, 1988:179\u201380."},{"key":"BF02054062_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90175-X","volume":"102","author":"NJ Talley","year":"1991","unstructured":"Talley NJ, O'Keefe EA, Zinsmeister AR, Melton LJ. Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in the elderly: a population-based study. Gastroenterology 1991;102: 895\u2013901.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01537261","volume":"34","author":"JE Everhart","year":"1989","unstructured":"Everhart JE, Go VL, Johannes RS, Fitzsimmons SC, Roth HP, White LR. A longitudinal survey of self reported bowel habits in the United States. Dig Dis Sci 1989;34:1153\u201362.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90828-O","volume":"98","author":"JF Johansen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Johansen JF, Sonnenberg A. The prevalence of hemorrhoids and chronic constipation: an epidemiologic study. Gastroenterology 1990;98:380\u20136.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)91500-X","volume":"97","author":"A Wald","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wald A, Hinds JP, Caruana BJ. Psychological and physiological characteristics of patients with severe idiopathic constipation. Gastroenterology 1989;97:932\u20137.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01538081","volume":"34","author":"G Devroede","year":"1989","unstructured":"Devroede G, Girard G, Bouchoucha M,et al. Idiopathic constipation by colonic dysfunction: relationship with personality and anxiety. Dig Dis Sci 1989;34: 1428\u201333.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90381-8","volume":"97","author":"SA Bingham","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bingham SA, Cummings JH. The effect of exercise on large intestinal function. Gastroenterology 1989;97:1389\u201399.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR20","first-page":"101","volume":"26","author":"L Cordain","year":"1986","unstructured":"Cordain L, Latin RW, Behnke JJ. The effects of an aerobic running program on bowel transit time. J Sports Med 1986;26:101\u20134.","journal-title":"J Sports Med"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/41.5.1103","volume":"41","author":"JW Anderson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Anderson JW. Health implications of wheat fiber. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;41:1103\u201312.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1989.tb02638.x","volume":"37","author":"WE Whitehead","year":"1989","unstructured":"Whitehead WE, Drinkwater D, Cheskin L, Heller BR, Shuster MM. Constipation in the elderly living at home: definition, prevalence and relationship to lifestyle and health status. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989;37:423\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02553027","volume":"29","author":"OF Dent","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dent OF, Goulston KJ, Zubrzycki J, Chapius PH. Bowel symptoms in an apparently well population. Dis Colon Rectum 1986;29:243\u20137.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)31670-1","volume":"75","author":"H Martelli","year":"1978","unstructured":"Martelli H, Devroede G, Ahran P,et al. Some parameters of large bowel motility in normal man. Gastroenterology 1978;75:612\u20138.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.10.10.842","volume":"10","author":"JM Hinton","year":"1969","unstructured":"Hinton JM, Lennard-Jones JE, Young AC. A new method for studying gut transit times using radioopaque markers. Gut 1969;10:842\u20137.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02605761","volume":"24","author":"P Ahran","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ahran P, Devroede G, Jehannin B,et al. Segmental colonic transit time. Dis Colon Rectum 1981;24:625\u20139.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.9.1173","volume":"29","author":"G Bassotti","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bassotti G, Gaburri M, Imbimbo BP,et al. Colonic mass movements in idiopathic chrome constipation. Gut 1988;29:1173\u20139.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(83)80070-5","volume":"85","author":"JC Schang","year":"1983","unstructured":"Schang JC, Devroede G. Fasting and postprandial myoelectric spiking activity in the human sigmoid colon. Gastroenterology 1983;85:1048\u201353.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR29","first-page":"504","volume":"87","author":"G Bassotti","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bassotti G, Imbimbo BP, Betti C, Dozzini G, Morelli A. Impaired colonic motor response to eating in patients with slow-transit constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 1992;87:504\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.10.1059","volume":"26","author":"D Preston","year":"1988","unstructured":"Preston D, Adrian T, Christofides N, Lennard-Jones J, Bloom S. Positive correlation between symptoms and circulating motilin, pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin concentration in functional bowel disorders. Gut 1988;26:1059\u201364.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90336-Y","volume":"98","author":"J Lincoln","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lincoln J, Crowe R, Kamm MA, Burnstock G, Lennard-Jones JE. Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acidare increased in the sigmoid colon in severe idiopathic constipation. Gastroenterology 1990;98:1219\u201325.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90416-7","volume":"94","author":"TR Koch","year":"1988","unstructured":"Koch TR, Carney JA, Go L, Go VL. Idiopathic chronic constipation is associated with decreased colonic vasoactive intestinal peptide. Gastroenterology 1988;94:300\u201310.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90953-X","volume":"99","author":"P Milner","year":"1990","unstructured":"Milner P, Crowe R, Kamm MA, Lennard-Jones JE, Burnstock G. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide levels in sigmoid colon in idiopathic constipation and diverticular disease. Gastroenterology 1990;99:666\u201375.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800760735","volume":"76","author":"DD Kerrigan","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kerrigan DD, Lucas MG, Sun WM, Donnelly TC, Read NW. Idiopathic constipation associated with impaired urethrovesical and sacral reflex function. Br J Surg 1989;76:748\u201351.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01798366","volume":"33","author":"JC Schang","year":"1988","unstructured":"Schang JC, Devroede G, Hebert M, Hemond M, Pilote M, Devroede L. Effects of rest, stress and food on myoelectric spiking activity of left and sigmoid colon in humans. Dig Dis Sci 1988;33:614\u20138.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02053604","volume":"37","author":"O Rasmussen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rasmussen O. Anorectal function. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:386\u2013403.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02617635","volume":"13","author":"AF Scharli","year":"1970","unstructured":"Scharli AF, Kiesewetter WB. Defecation and continence: some new concepts. Dis Colon Rectum 1970;13:81\u2013107.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1969.tb06306.x","volume":"41","author":"KK Varma","year":"1972","unstructured":"Varma KK, Stephens D. Neuromuscular reflexes of anal continence. Aust N Z J Surg 1972;41:263\u201372.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR39","first-page":"86","volume-title":"Coloproctology and the pelvic floor","author":"GS Duthie","year":"1992","unstructured":"Duthie GS, Bartolo DC. Faecal continence and defaecation. In: Henry MM, Swash M, eds. Coloproctology and the pelvic floor. 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992:86\u201397.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR40","first-page":"350","volume-title":"Coloproctology and the pelvic floor","author":"JE Lennard-Jones","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lennard-Jones JE. Constipation: pathophysiology, clinical features and treatment. In: Henry MM, Swash M, eds. Coloproctology and the pelvic floor. London: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1985:350\u201375."},{"key":"BF02054062_CR41","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Fundamentals of anorectal surgery","author":"J Pemberton","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pemberton J. Anatomy and physiology of the anus and rectum. In: Beck DE, Wexner SD, eds. Fundamentals of anorectal surgery. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992:1\u201324."},{"key":"BF02054062_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01887845","volume":"9","author":"P Mahieu","year":"1984","unstructured":"Mahieu P, Pringot J, Bodart P. Defecography I: description of a new procedure and results in normal patients. Gastrointest Radiol 1984;9:247\u201351.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Radiol"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800680804","volume":"68","author":"ME Neill","year":"1981","unstructured":"Neill ME, Parks AG, Swash M. Physiological studies of the anal sphincter musculature in faecal incontinence and rectal prolapse. Br J Surg 1981;68:531\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800640503","volume":"64","author":"IP Todd","year":"1977","unstructured":"Todd IP. Adult Hirschsprung's disease. Br J Surg 1977;64:311\u20132.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(72)90394-6","volume":"7","author":"W Meier-Ruge","year":"1972","unstructured":"Meier-Ruge W, Lutterbeck PM, Herzig B, Morger R, Moser R, Sch\u00e1rli A. Acetylcholinesterase activity in suction biopsies of the rectum in a diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. J Pediatr Surg 1972;7:11\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800710815","volume":"71","author":"MH Hamdy","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hamdy MH, Scobie WG. Anorectal myectomy in adult Hirschsprung's disease: a report of six cases. Br J Surg 1984;71:611\u20133.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(85)80128-1","volume":"88","author":"S Krishnamurthy","year":"1985","unstructured":"Krishnamurthy S, Schuffler MD, Rohrmann A, Pope CE II. Severe idiopathic constipation is associated with a distinctive abnormality of the colonic myenteric plexus. Gastroenterology 1985;88:26\u201334.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1159\/000171413","volume":"11","author":"HW Pinotti","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pinotti HW, Habr Gama A, Cecconell I, Felix VN, Zilberstein B. The surgical treatment of megaeophagus and megacolon. Dig Dis Sci 1993;11:206\u201315.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02553203","volume":"14","author":"A Habr Gama","year":"1971","unstructured":"Habr Gama A, Raia A, Netto AC. Motility of the sigmoid colon and rectum: contribution to the physiopathology of megacolon in Chagas disease. Dis Colon Rectum 1971;14:291\u2013304.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.1.30","volume":"30","author":"GK Turnbull","year":"1989","unstructured":"Turnbull GK, Thompson DG, Day S, Martin J, Walker E, Lennard-Jones JE. Relationship between symptoms, menstrual cycle and orocaecal transit in normal and constipated women. Gut 1989;30:30\u20134.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR51","first-page":"104","volume-title":"Constipation: etiology, evaluation, and management","author":"G Devroede","year":"1995","unstructured":"Devroede G. Psychophysiological considerations in subjects with chronic idiopathic constipation. In: Wexner SD, Bartolo DC, eds. Constipation: etiology, evaluation, and management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1995:104\u201334."},{"key":"BF02054062_CR52","first-page":"A103","volume":"96","author":"MD Crowell","year":"1989","unstructured":"Crowell MD, Whitehead WE, Cheskin LJ, Schuster MM. Twenty-four hour ambulatory monitoring of peristaltic activity from the colon in normal and constipation-predominant IBS patients [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1989;96:A103.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90139-7","volume":"84","author":"G Frieri","year":"1983","unstructured":"Frieri G, Parisi F, Corazziari E, Caprilli R. Colonic electromyography in chronic constipation. Gastroenterology 1983;84:737\u201340.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5470.1095","volume":"2","author":"AM Connell","year":"1965","unstructured":"Connell AM, Hilton C, Irvine G, Lennard-Jones JE, Misiewicz JJ. Variation of bowel habit in two population samples. BMJ 1965;2:1095\u20139.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198506000-00013","volume":"4","author":"SP Lowery","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lowery SP, Srour JW, Whitehead WE, Schuster MM. Habit training as treatment of encopresis secondary to chronic constipation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1985;4:397\u2013401.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR56","first-page":"412","volume":"56","author":"MD Levine","year":"1975","unstructured":"Levine MD. Children with encopresis: a descriptive analysis. Pediatrics 1975;56:412\u20136.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR57","first-page":"1867","volume":"89","author":"MR Ohe Von der","year":"1994","unstructured":"Von der Ohe MR, Camillieri M, Carryer PW. A patient with localized megacolon and intractable constipation: evidence for impairment of colonic muscle tone. Am J Gastroenterol 1994;89:1867\u201370.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(79)90287-7","volume":"77","author":"P Meunier","year":"1979","unstructured":"Meunier P, Marechal JM, De Beaujeu MJ. Rectoanal pressures and rectal sensitivity studies in chronic childhood constipation. Gastroenterology 1979;77:330\u20136.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01540347","volume":"34","author":"A DeMedici","year":"1989","unstructured":"DeMedici A, Badiali D, Corazziari E, Bausano G, Anzini F. Rectal sensitivity in chronic constipation. Dig Dis Sci 1989;34:747\u201353.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02053199","volume":"33","author":"HC Kuijpers","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kuijpers HC. Application of the colorectal laboratory in diagnosis and treatment of functional constipation. Dis Colon Rectum 1990;33:35\u20139.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3109\/00365527709180936","volume":"12","author":"WO Kirwan","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kirwan WO, Smith AN. Colonic propulsion in diverticular disease, idiopathic constipation, and the irritable colon syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol 1977;12:331\u20135.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.16.5.372","volume":"16","author":"SL Waller","year":"1975","unstructured":"Waller SL. Differential measurement of small and large bowel transit times in constipation and diarrhea: a new approach. Gut 1975;16:372\u20138.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90837-7","volume":"92","author":"AM Metcalf","year":"1987","unstructured":"Metcalf AM, Phillips SF, Zinsmeister AR, McCarty RL, Beart RW, Wolff BG. Simplified assessment of segmental colonic transit. Gastroenterology 1987;92:40\u20137.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-7-199410010-00008","volume":"121","author":"M Camilleri","year":"1994","unstructured":"Camilleri M, Thompson WG, Fleshman JW, Pemberton JH. Clinical management of intractable constipation. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:520\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR65","first-page":"214","volume":"43","author":"JM Jorge","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jorge JM, Wexner SD. A practical guide to basic anorectal physiology investigations. Contemp Surg 1993;43:214\u201324.","journal-title":"Contemp Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199308000-00016","volume":"86","author":"JM Jorge","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jorge JM, Wexner SD. Anorectal manometry: techniques and clinical applications. South Med J 1993;86:924\u201331.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02049930","volume":"34","author":"RE Karulf","year":"1991","unstructured":"Karulf RE, Coller JA, Bartolo DC,et al. Anorectal physiology testing: a survey of availability and use. Dis Colon Rectum 1991;34:464\u20138.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(21)00478-7","volume":"16","author":"JA Coller","year":"1987","unstructured":"Coller JA. Clinical application of anorectal manometry. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1987;16:17\u201333.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554982","volume":"26","author":"WR Schouten","year":"1983","unstructured":"Schouten WR, van Vroonhoven TJ. A simple method of anorectal manometry. Dis Colon Rectum 1983;26:721\u20134.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800711122","volume":"71","author":"JS Varma","year":"1984","unstructured":"Varma JS, Smith AN. Anorectal profilimetry with the microtransducer. Br J Surg 1984;71:867\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(84)80118-3","volume":"86","author":"BM Taylor","year":"1984","unstructured":"Taylor BM, Beart RW Jr, Phillips SF. Longitudinal and radial variations of pressure in the human anal sphincter. Gastroenterology 1984;86:693\u20137.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199408792-00006","volume":"87","author":"P Reissman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Reissman P, Piccirillo M, Nogueras JJ, Wexner SD. Manometry may not be necessary in the evaluation of constipation in adults [abstract]. South Med J 1994;87:S18\u20139.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800760414","volume":"76","author":"MR Keighley","year":"1989","unstructured":"Keighley MR, Henry MM, Bartolo DC, Mortensen NJ. Anorectal physiology measurement: report of a working party. Br J Surg 1989;76:356\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.173.1.2780999","volume":"173","author":"R Goei","year":"1989","unstructured":"Goei R, van Engelshoven J, Schouten H, Baeten C, Stassen C. Anorectal function: defecographic measurement in asymptomatic subjects. Radiology 1989;173:137\u201341.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.174.1.2294537","volume":"174","author":"R Goei","year":"1990","unstructured":"Goei R. Anorectal function in patients with defecation disorders and asymptomatic subjects: evaluation with defecography. Radiology 1990; 174:121\u20133.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02048110","volume":"35","author":"JM Jorge","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jorge JM, Wexner SD, Marchetti F, Rosato GO, Sullivan ML, Jagelman DG. How reliable are currently available methods of measuring the anorectal angle? Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:332\u20138.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199510001-00030","volume":"88","author":"J Pfeifer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pfeifer J, Oliveira L, Park UC, Gonzalez A, Nogueras JJ, Wexner SD. Are interpretations of cinedefograms reliable and reproducible? [abstract]. South Med J 1995;88:S23.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR78","first-page":"P17","volume":"38","author":"TA Teoh","year":"1995","unstructured":"Teoh TA, Cheong D, Salanga V, Nogueras JJ, Wexner SD. A prospective comparative study of the intra-anal spongeversus the needle electrode for electromyographic (EMG) puborectalis activity in constipated patients [meeting abstract]. Dis Colon Rectum 1995;38:P17.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR79","first-page":"355","volume":"67","author":"MM Henry","year":"1985","unstructured":"Henry MM, Snooks SJ, Barnes PR, Swash M. Investigation of disorders of the anorectum and colon. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1985;67:355\u201360.","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.24.5.405","volume":"24","author":"PA Cann","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cann PA, Read NW, Brown C, Hobson N, Holdsworth CD. The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): relationship of disorders in the transit of a single meal to symptom patterns. Gut 1983;24:405\u201311.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.9.1236","volume":"29","author":"JE Kellow","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kellow JE, Phillips SF, Miller LJ, Zinsmeister AR. Dysmotility of the small intestine in irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 1988;29:1236\u201343.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR82","first-page":"409","volume":"160","author":"JM Jorge","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jorge JM, Wexner Sd, Ehrenpreis ED. The lactulose hydrogen breath test as a measure of orocaecal transit time. Eur J Surg 1994;160:409\u201316.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR83","first-page":"938","volume":"90","author":"EE Argenyi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Argenyi EE, Soffer EE, Madsen MT, Berbaum KS, Walkner WO. Scintigraphic evaluation of small bowel transit in healthy subjects: inter- and intravariability. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:938\u201342.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR84","first-page":"748","volume":"90","author":"JM Redmond","year":"1995","unstructured":"Redmond JM, Smith GW, Barofsky I, Ratych RE, Goldsborough DC, Schuster M. Physiological tests to predict long-term outcome of total abdominal colectomy for intractable constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:748\u201353.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR85","first-page":"1854","volume":"88","author":"IS Merkel","year":"1993","unstructured":"Merkel IS, Locher J, Burgio K, Towers A, Wald A. Physiologic and psychologic characteristics of an elderly population with chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 1993;88:1854\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR86","first-page":"448","volume":"80","author":"C Bergeron","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bergeron C, Monto G. Personality patterns seen in irritable bowel syndrome patients. Am J Gastroenterol 1985;80:448\u201351.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(21)00549-5","volume":"20","author":"WE Whitehead","year":"1991","unstructured":"Whitehead WE, Crowell MD. Psychologic considerations in the irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1991;20:249\u201367.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01538081","volume":"34","author":"G Devroede","year":"1989","unstructured":"Devroede G, Girard G, Bouchoucha M,et al. Idiopathic constipation by colonic dysfunction: relationship with personality and anxiety. Dig Dis Sci 1989;34:1428\u201333.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02049867","volume":"36","author":"S Heymen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Heymen S, Wexner SD, Gulledge AD. MMPI assessment of patients with functional bowel disorders. Dis Colon Rectum 1993;36:593\u20136.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3109\/07853899009147283","volume":"22","author":"MA Kamm","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kamm MA. Role of surgical treatment in patients with severe constipation. Ann Med 1990;22:435\u201344.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR91","first-page":"185","volume":"28","author":"CI Bartram","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bartram CI. Anal endosonography. Ann Gastroenterol Hepatol (Paris) 1992;28:185\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol Hepatol (Paris)"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800690813","volume":"69","author":"MM Henry","year":"1982","unstructured":"Henry MM, Parks AG, Swash M. The pelvic floor musculature in the descending perineum syndrome. Br J. Surg 1982;69:470\u20132.","journal-title":"Br J. Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR93","first-page":"460","volume":"27","author":"PR O'Connell","year":"1986","unstructured":"O'Connell PR, Kelly KA, Brown M. Scintigraphic assessment of neorectal motor function. J Nucl Med 1986;27:460\u20134.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800730421","volume":"73","author":"AM Roe","year":"1986","unstructured":"Roe AM, Bartolo DC, Mortensen NJ. New method for assessment of anal sensation in various anorectal disorders. Br J Surg 1986;73:310\u20132.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR95","first-page":"20","volume":"260","author":"J Herdmann","year":"1991","unstructured":"Herdmann J, Bielefeldt K, Enck P. Quantification of motor pathways to the pelvic floor in humans. Am J Physiol 1991;260:20\u20133.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02049695","volume":"34","author":"SD Wexner","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wexner SD, Daniel N, Jagelman DG. Colectomy for constipation: physiologic investigation is the key to success. Dis Colon Rectum 1991;34:851\u20136.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800721309","volume":"72","author":"IP Todd","year":"1985","unstructured":"Todd IP. Constipation: results of surgical treatment. Br J Surg 1985;72:S12\u20133.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR98","first-page":"623","volume":"149","author":"S Fasth","year":"1983","unstructured":"Fasth S, Hedlund H, Svaninger G, \u00d6resland T, Hulten L. Functional results after subtotal colectomy and caecorectal anastomosis. Acta Chir Scand 1983;149:623\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800710726","volume":"71","author":"DM Preston","year":"1984","unstructured":"Preston DM, Hawley PR, Lennard-Jones JE, Todd IP. Results of colectomy for severe idiopathic constipation in women. Br J Surg 1984;71:547\u201352.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800760625","volume":"76","author":"K Yoshioka","year":"1989","unstructured":"Yoshioka K, Keighley MR. Clinical results of colectomy for severe constipation. Br J Surg 1989;76:600\u20134.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199110000-00005","volume":"214","author":"JH Pemberton","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pemberton JH, Rath DM, Ilstrup DM. Evaluation and surgical treatment of severe chronic constipation. Ann Surg 1991;214:403\u201313.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1966.01330040084015","volume":"93","author":"GL Watkins","year":"1966","unstructured":"Watkins GL, Farmington MO. Operative treatment of acquired megacolon in adults. Arch Surg 1966;93:620\u20134.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800640502","volume":"64","author":"RH Lane","year":"1977","unstructured":"Lane RH, Todd IP. Idiopathic megacolon: a review of 42 cases. Br J Surg 1977;64:305\u201310.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800640504","volume":"64","author":"B Smith","year":"1977","unstructured":"Smith B, Grace RH, Todd IP. Organic constipation in adults. Br J Surg 1977;64:313\u20134.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR105","first-page":"779","volume":"54","author":"RA McCready","year":"1979","unstructured":"McCready RA, Beart RW Jr. The surgical treatment of incapacitating constipation associated with idiopathic megacolon. Mayo Clin Proc 1979;54:779\u201383.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1981.tb05926.x","volume":"51","author":"ES Hughes","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hughes ES, Mc Dermott FT, Johnson WR, Polglase AC. Surgery for constipation. Aust N Z J Surg 1981;51:144\u20138.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02553250","volume":"25","author":"P Belliveau","year":"1982","unstructured":"Belliveau P, Goldberg SM, Rothenberger DA, Nivatvongs S. Idiopathic acquired megacolon: the value of subtotal colectomy. Dis Colon Rectum 1982;25:118\u201321.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(83)90107-1","volume":"145","author":"GR Klatt","year":"1983","unstructured":"Klatt GR. Role of subtotal colectomy in the treatment of incapacitating constipation. Am J Surg 1983;145:623\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR109","first-page":"569","volume":"140","author":"KP Gilbert","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gilbert KP, Lewis FG, Billingham RP, Sanderson E. Surgical treatment of constipation. West J Med 1984;140:569\u201372.","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688407700707","volume":"77","author":"MR Keighley","year":"1984","unstructured":"Keighley MR, Shouler P. Outlet syndrome: is there a surgical option? J R Soc Med 1984;77:559\u201363.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.5.534","volume":"27","author":"PR Barnes","year":"1986","unstructured":"Barnes PR, Lennard-Jones JE, Hawley PR, Todd IP. Hirschsprung's disease and idiopathic megacolon in adults and adolescents. Gut 1986;27:534\u201341.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800731031","volume":"73","author":"AM Roe","year":"1986","unstructured":"Roe AM, Bartolo DC, Mortensen NJ. Diagnosis and surgical management of intractable constipation. Br J Surg 1986;73:854\u201361.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198903000-00007","volume":"82","author":"DE Beck","year":"1989","unstructured":"Beck DE, Fazio VW, Jagelman DG, Lavery IC. Surgical management of colonic inertia. South Med J 1989;82:305\u20139.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR114","first-page":"553","volume":"153","author":"T Gasslander","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gasslander T, Larsson J, Wetterfors J. Experience of surgical treatment for chronic idiopathic constipation. Acta Chir Scand 1987;153:553\u20135.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296374","volume":"32","author":"SH Leon","year":"1987","unstructured":"Leon SH, Krishnamurthy S, Shuffler MD. Subtotal colectomy for severe idiopathic constipation. Dig Dis Sci 1987;32:1249\u201354.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR116","first-page":"71","volume":"69","author":"PV Walsh","year":"1987","unstructured":"Walsh PV, Peebles-Brown DA, Watkinson G. Colectomy for slow transit constipation. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1987;69:71\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01645313","volume":"3","author":"S \u00c5kervall","year":"1988","unstructured":"\u00c5kervall S, Fasth S, Nordgren S, \u00d6resland T, Hulten L. The functional results after colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for severe constipation (Arbuthnot Lane's disease) as related to rectal sensory function. Int J Colorectal Dis 1988;3:96\u2013101.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.7.969","volume":"29","author":"MA Kamm","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kamm MA, Hawley PR, Lennard-Jones JE. Outcome of colectomy for severe idiopathic constipation. Gut 1988;29:969\u201373.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02552582","volume":"31","author":"CA Vasilevsky","year":"1988","unstructured":"Vasilevsky CA, Nemer FD, Balcos EG, Christenson CE, Goldberg SM. Is subtotal colectomy a viable option in the management of chronic constipation? Dis Colon Rectum 1988;31:679\u201381.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1989.01410080083013","volume":"124","author":"ME Zenilman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Zenilman ME, Dunnegan DL, Super NJ, Becker JM. Successful surgical treatment of idiopathic colonic dismotility. Arch Surg 1989;124:947\u201351.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR121","first-page":"588","volume":"37","author":"GE Coremans","year":"1990","unstructured":"Coremans GE. Surgical aspects of severe chronic non-Hirschsprung constipation. Hepatogastroenterology 1990;37:588\u201395.","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.12.1538","volume":"32","author":"G Stabile","year":"1991","unstructured":"Stabile G, Kamm MA, Hawley PR, Lennard-Jones JE. Colectomy for idiopathic megarectum and megacolon. Gut 1991;32:1538\u201340.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR123","first-page":"340","volume":"6","author":"A Tajana","year":"1990","unstructured":"Tajana A, Mori G, Micheletto G,et al. Current status of surgery for severe idiopathic constipation. Coloproctology 1990;6:340\u20132.","journal-title":"Coloproctology"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1994.tb02174.x","volume":"64","author":"K Mahendrarajah","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mahendrarajah K, Van der Schaaf A, Lovegrove FT, Mendelson R, Levitt MD. Surgery for severe constipation: the use of radioisotope transit scan and barium evacuation proctography in patient selection. Aust N Z J Surg 1994;64:183\u20136.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800810742","volume":"81","author":"J Stewart","year":"1994","unstructured":"Stewart J, Kumar D, Keighley MR. Results of anal low rectal anastomosis and pouch construction for megarectum and megacolon. Br J Surg 1994;81:1051\u20133.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR126","first-page":"133","volume":"59","author":"T Takahashi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Takahashi T, Fitzgerald SD, Pemberton JH. Evaluation and treatment of constipation. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 1994;59:133\u20138.","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Mex"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800820713","volume":"82","author":"MF Piccirillo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Piccirillo MF, Reissman P, Carnavos R, Wexner SD. Colectomy as treatment for constipation in selected patients. Br J Surg 1995;82:898\u2013901.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR128","first-page":"P19","volume":"35","author":"JP Pena","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pena JP, Heine JA, Wong WD, Christenson CE, Balcos EG. Subtotal colectomy for constipation\u2014a long term follow up study [meeting abstract]. Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:P19.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576706000848","volume":"60","author":"PJ Jenning","year":"1967","unstructured":"Jenning PJ. Megarectum and megacolon in adolescents and young adults: results of treatment at St. Mark's hospital. J R Soc Med 1967;60:805\u20136.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554316","volume":"28","author":"HJ J\u00e4rvinen","year":"1985","unstructured":"J\u00e4rvinen HJ, Rintala R. Funnel anus and megacolon in an adult. Dis Colon Rectum 1985;28:957\u20139.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00703962","volume":"6","author":"MA Kamm","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kamm MA, Van der Sijp JR, Hawley PR, Phillips RK, Lennard-Jones JE. Left hemicolectomy with rectal excision for severe idiopathic constipation. Int J Colorectal Dis 1991;6:49\u201351.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR132","first-page":"658","volume-title":"Surgery of the anus, rectum and colon. Vol. 1","author":"MR Keighley","year":"1993","unstructured":"Keighley MR. Megacolon and megarectum. In: Keighley MR, Williams NS, eds. Surgery of the anus, rectum and colon. Vol. 1. London: WB Saunders, 1993:658\u201373."},{"key":"BF02054062_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050671","volume":"35","author":"G Stabile","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stabile G, Kamm MA, Phillips RK, Hawley PR, Lennard-Jones JE. Partial colectomy and coloanal anastomosis for idiopathic magarectum and megacolon. Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:158\u201362.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR134","first-page":"509","volume":"37","author":"EJ Gray","year":"1971","unstructured":"Gray EJ, Marteinsson TH. Dolichocolon: indications for operations. Am Surg 1971;37:509\u201311.","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554897","volume":"31","author":"RJ Nicholls","year":"1988","unstructured":"Nicholls RJ, Kamm MA. Proctocolectomy with restorative ileoanal reservoir for severe idiopathic constipation: report of two cases. Dis Colon Rectum 1988;31:968\u20139.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800770726","volume":"77","author":"KB Hosie","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hosie KB, Kmiot WA, Keighley MR. Constipation: another indication for restorative proctocolectomy. Br J Surg 1990;77:801\u20132.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.12.1538","volume":"32","author":"G Stabile","year":"1991","unstructured":"Stabile G, Kamm MA, Hawley PR, Lennard-Jones JE. Colectomy for idiopathic megarectum and megacolon. Gut 1991;32:1538\u201340.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800780803","volume":"78","author":"MA Kamm","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kamm MA, Stabile G. Management of idiopathic megarectum and megacolon. Br J Surg 1991;78:899\u2013900.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02049813","volume":"37","author":"JM Jorge","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jorge JM, Yang Y-K, Wexner SD. Incidence and clinical significance of sigmoidoceles as determined by a new classification system. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:1112\u20137.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02052329","volume":"33","author":"M Pinho","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pinho M, Yoshioka K, Keighley MR. Long-term results of anorectal myectomy for chronic constipation. Dis Colon Rectum 1990;33:795\u20137.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR141","first-page":"133","volume":"20","author":"R Parc","year":"1984","unstructured":"Parc R, Berrod JL, Tussiot J, Loygue J. Le megacolon de l'adulte: a propos de 76 cas. Ann Gastroenterol Hepatol (Paris) 1984;20:133\u201341.","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol Hepatol (Paris)"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800780609","volume":"78","author":"G Stabile","year":"1991","unstructured":"Stabile G, Kamm MA, Hawley PR, Lennard-Jones JE. Results of the Duhamel operation in the treatment of idiopathic megarectum and megacolon. Br J Surg 1991;78:661\u20133.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02617726","volume":"12","author":"J Haddad","year":"1969","unstructured":"Haddad J. Treatment of acquired megacolon by retrorectal lowering of the colon with a perineal colostomy: modified Duhamel operation. Dis Colon Rectum 1969;12:421\u20139.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800750713","volume":"75","author":"MA Kamm","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kamm MA, Hawley PR, Lennard-Jones JE. Lateral division of the puborectalis muscle in the management of severe constipation. Br J Surg 1988;75:661\u20133.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR145","first-page":"886","volume":"63","author":"CF Dixon","year":"1983","unstructured":"Dixon CF, Judd DB. The surgical treatment of congenital megacolon. Surg Clin North Am 1983;63:886\u2013903.","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00341291","volume":"7","author":"G Stabile","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stabile G, Kamm MA, Hawley PR, Lennard-Jones JE. Results of stoma formation for idiopathic megarectum and megacolon. Int J Colorectal Dis 1992;7:82\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR147","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Laparoscopic colorectal surgery","author":"R Jager","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jager R. Laparoscopic enterotomy. In: Jager R, Wexner SD, eds. Laparoscopic colorectal surgery. New York: Churchill-Livingston, 1996:153\u201360."},{"key":"BF02054062_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050671","volume":"35","author":"G Stabile","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stabile G, Kamm MA, Phillips RK, Hawley PR, Lennard-Jones JE. Partial colectomy and coloanal anastomosis for idiopathic megarectum and megacolon. Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:158\u201362.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02139109","volume":"33","author":"DK Rex","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rex DK, Lappas JC, Popp B. Association of anterior ectopic anus and partial absence of levator musculature in a woman with impaired defecation: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum 1990;33:974\u20136.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR150","first-page":"458","volume":"163","author":"RH Fishbein","year":"1986","unstructured":"Fishbein RH, Handelsman JC, Schuster MM. Surgical treatment of Hirschsprung's disease in adults. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1986;163:458\u201364.","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800721112","volume":"72","author":"MS Elliot","year":"1985","unstructured":"Elliot MS, Todd IP. Adult Hirschsprung's disease: results of the Duhamel procedure. Br J Surg 1985;72:884\u20135.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554342","volume":"30","author":"NB Natsikas","year":"1987","unstructured":"Natsikas NB, Sbarounis CN. Adult Hirschsprung' disease: an experience with the Duhamel-Martin procedure with special reference to obstructed patients. Dis Colon Rectum 1987;30:204\u20136.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02053205","volume":"33","author":"P Luukkonen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Luukkonen P, Heikkinen M, Huikuri K, Jarvinen H. Adult Hirschsprung's disease: clinical features and functional outcome after surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 1990;33:65\u20139.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02052222","volume":"33","author":"MJ Wheatley","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wheatley MJ, Wesley JR, Coran AG, Polley TZ Jr. Hirschsprung's disease in adolescents and adults. Dis Colon Rectum 1990;33:622\u20139.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01889028","volume":"13","author":"CI Bartram","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bartram CI, Turnbull GK, Lennard-Jones JE. Evacuation proctography: an investigation of rectal expulsion in 20 subjects without defecatory disturbance. Gastrointest Radiol 1988;13:72\u201380.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Radiol"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02587281","volume":"18","author":"WF Capps Jr","year":"1975","unstructured":"Capps WF Jr. Rectoplasty and perineoplasty for the symptomatic rectocele: a report of fifty cases. Dis Colon Rectum 1975;18:237\u201343.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02617024","volume":"10","author":"MM Marks","year":"1967","unstructured":"Marks MM. The rectal side of the rectocele. Dis Colon Rectum 1967;10:387\u20138.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02560230","volume":"28","author":"S Sehapayak","year":"1985","unstructured":"Sehapayak S. Transrectal repair of rectocele: an extended armantarium of colorectal surgeons: a report of 355 cases. Dis Colon Rectum 1985;28:422\u201333.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02634497","volume":"11","author":"ES Sullivan","year":"1968","unstructured":"Sullivan ES, Leaverton GH, Hardwick CE. Transrectal perineal repair: an adjunct to improved function after anorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 1968;11:106\u201314.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02049811","volume":"37","author":"LW Janssen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Janssen LW, van Dijke CF. Selection criteria for anterior rectal wall repair in symptomatic rectocele and anterior rectal wall prolapse. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:1100\u20137.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02053850","volume":"38","author":"A Mellgren","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mellgren A, Anzen B, Nilsson B-Y,et al. Results of rectocele repair: a prospective study. Dis Colon Rectum 1995;38:7\u201313.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR162","first-page":"68","volume-title":"Fundamentals of anorectal surgery","author":"R Farouk","year":"1992","unstructured":"Farouk R, Duthie GS, Bartolo DC. Functional anorectal disorders and physiological evaluation. In: Beck D, Wexner SD, eds. Fundamentals of anorectal surgery. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992:68\u201388."},{"key":"BF02054062_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lesaffer LPA. Defecography\u2014update 1994. Gent Story-Scientia 1994;75\u201380.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9406(10)60195-2"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02616902","volume":"7","author":"IF Wasserman","year":"1964","unstructured":"Wasserman IF. Puborectalis syndrome rectal stenosis due to anorectal spasm. Dis Colon Rectum 1964;7:87\u201398.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02617812","volume":"12","author":"WC Wallace","year":"1969","unstructured":"Wallace WC, Madden WM. Experience with partial resection of the puborectalis muscle. Dis Colon Rectum 1969;12:196\u2013200.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800750702","volume":"75","author":"MR Keighley","year":"1988","unstructured":"Keighley MR. Surgery for constipation. Br J Surg 1988;75:625\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800720623","volume":"72","author":"PR Barnes","year":"1985","unstructured":"Barnes PR, Hawley PR, Presto DM, Lennard-Jones JE. Experience of posterior division of the puborectalis muscle in the management of chronic constipation. Br J Surg 1985;72:475\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR168","first-page":"612","volume":"40","author":"M Kawano","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kawano M, Fujiyoshi T, Takagi K,et al. Puborectalis syndrome. J Japanese Society Coloproct 1987;40:612.","journal-title":"J Japanese Society Coloproct"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR169","first-page":"232","volume-title":"Constipation: etiology, evaluation, and management","author":"D-H Yu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yu D-H. Surgical treatment of puborectalis hypertrophy. In: Wexner SD, Bartolo DC, eds. Constipation: etiology, evaluation, and management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1995:232\u20139."},{"key":"BF02054062_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050669","volume":"35","author":"SD Wexner","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wexner SD, Cheape JD, Jorge JM, Heymen S, Jagelman DG. Prospective assessment of biofeedback for the treatment of paradoxical puborectalis contraction. Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:145\u201350.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02054062_CR171","first-page":"120","volume":"3","author":"JJ Nogueras","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nogueras JJ, Wexner SD. Biofeedback for nonrelaxing puborectalis syndrome. Semin Colon Rectal Surg 1992;3:120\u20134.","journal-title":"Semin Colon Rectal Surg"}],"container-title":["Diseases of the Colon & Rectum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00003453-199639040-00015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:57:22Z","timestamp":1785855442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00003453-199639040-00015"}},"subtitle":["A review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,4]]},"references-count":171,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02054062","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3706"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3706","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,4]]}}}