{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T09:18:19Z","timestamp":1774948699500,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,7,1]],"date-time":"1992-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":709948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and other substances increase adenylate cyclase (AC) activity and growth of normal and neoplastic thyroid tissue. Factors that inhibit cAMP may provide targeted therapy to tumors dependent on cAMP for growth. Somatostatin has been reported to inhibit the growth of gastrinomas and carcinoid tumors. We therefore studied the effects of somatostatin on basal, TSH, pertussis toxin, and forskolin stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in normal and neoplastic thyroid tissue from 19 patients. Adenylate cyclase (AC) activity was determined by the conversion of alpha<jats:sup>32<\/jats:sup>P\u2010ATP to<jats:sup>32<\/jats:sup>P\u2010cAMP in pmoles\/mg protein\/30\u00a0minutes in an 8000 \u00d7 g particulate fraction rich in thyroid plasma membranes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>TSH (300\u00a0mU\/ml) and forskolin (100\u00a0mM) (a diterpine that directly stimulates the catalytic unit of AC) increased AC activity in normal and neoplastic thyroid tissue. The AC stimulation was greater in the neoplasms (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01). Somatostatin (5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>M) decreased basal and TSH stimulated AC activity below basal levels in both normal and neoplastic thyroid tissue (including papillary, follicular, and medullary carcinomas). The inhibition of AC by somatostatin was greater in neoplastic tissue (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.025). Pertussis toxin (which blocks the inhibitory guanyl nucleotide regulatory protein) was able to partially reverse the effect of somatostatin. Somatostatin partially inhibited forskolin stimulated AC activity.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Somatostatin inhibits basal and TSH stimulated AC activity in both normal and neoplastic human thyroid tissue, with a greater effect on neoplasms. These studies establish that somatostatin blocks a major regulator of thyroid growth and provides the rationale for the use of somatostatin analogs in the treatment of thyroid cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02067319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,13]],"date-time":"2005-08-13T21:45:46Z","timestamp":1123969546000},"page":"555-560","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effect of somatostatin on adenylate cyclase activity in normal and neoplastic thyroid tissue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Allan E.","family":"Siperstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Service Veterans Administration Medical Center San Francisco California"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco California U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Surgery Mount Zion Medical Center of UCSF P.O. Box 7921 94120 San Francisco California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth E.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Service Veterans Administration Medical Center San Francisco California"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth T.","family":"Gum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Service Veterans Administration Medical Center San Francisco California"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orlo H.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Service Veterans Administration Medical Center San Francisco California"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"1000","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor receptors in normal and neoplastic thyroid tissue","volume":"98","author":"Duh Q.Y.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.1240225"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"985","article-title":"Stimulatory effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on human normal and neoplastic thyroid tissue","volume":"104","author":"Siperstein A.E.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"467","article-title":"The use of somatostatin and its analogs in the treatment of surgical disorders","volume":"100","author":"Mulvihill S.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"479","article-title":"A human TSH\u2010secreting adenoma: Endocrine, biochemical and morphological studies. 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