{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T15:56:09Z","timestamp":1785858969560,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02090159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,15]],"date-time":"2005-08-15T01:56:30Z","timestamp":1124070990000},"page":"209-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Incontinence and rectal prolapse"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"J. Graham","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Douglas","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Rothenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley M.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"BF02090159_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02552654","volume":"28","author":"JD Watts","year":"1985","unstructured":"Watts JD, Rothenberger DA, Buls JG, Goldberg SM, Nivatvongs S. The management of procidentia: 30 years' experience. Dis Colon Rectum 1985;28:96\u2013102.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR2","first-page":"246","volume-title":"Surgery of the anus, rectum and colon","author":"JC Goligher","year":"1983","unstructured":"Goligher JC. Rectal prolapse. In: Surgery of the anus, rectum and colon. 5th ed. London: Bailli\u00e8re Tindall, 1983:246\u201384.","edition":"5th ed."},{"key":"BF02090159_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(21)00480-5","volume":"16","author":"AC Lowry","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lowry AC, Goldberg SM. Internal and overt rectal procidentia. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1987; 16: 47\u201370.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800591102","volume":"59","author":"NM Morgan","year":"1972","unstructured":"Morgan NM, Porter NH, Klugman DJ. Ivalon (polyvinyl alcohol) sponge in the repair of complete rectal prolapse. Br J Surg 1972;59:841\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800700415","volume":"70","author":"MR Keighley","year":"1983","unstructured":"Keighley MR, Fielding JW, Alexander Williams J. Results of Marlex mesh rectopexy for rectal prolapse in 100 consecutive patients. Br J Surg 1983;70:229\u201332.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1979.tb06440.x","volume":"49","author":"D Failes","year":"1979","unstructured":"Failes D, Killingback M, Stuart M, De Luca C. Rectal prolapse. Aust N Z J Surg 1979;49:72\u20135.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Surg"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02587209","volume":"18","author":"CB Ripstein","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ripstein CB. Symposium: procidentia of the rectum: internal intussusception of the rectum (stage I rectal prolapse). Dis Colon Rectum 1975;18:458\u201360.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02555532","volume":"27","author":"MJ Hoffman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hoffman MJ, Kodner IJ, Fry RD. Internal intussusception of the rectum: diagnosis and surgical management. Dis Colon Rectum 1984;27:435\u201341.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02555397","volume":"29","author":"HC Kuijpers","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kuijpers HC, Schreve RH, ten Cate Hoedemakers H. Diagnosis of functional disorders of defecation causing the solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. Dis Colon Rectum 1986;29:126\u20139.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)91766-4","volume":"1","author":"M Schweiger","year":"1977","unstructured":"Schweiger M, Alexander Williams J. Solitary-ulcer syndrome of the rectum: its association with occult rectal prolapse. Lancet 1977;1:170.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02587429","volume":"18","author":"T Ihre","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ihre T, Seligson U. Intussusception of the rectum\u2014 internal procidentia: treatment and results in 90 patients. Dis Colon Rectum 1975;18:391\u20136.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800591103","volume":"59","author":"JC Penfold","year":"1972","unstructured":"Penfold JC, Hawley PR. Experiences of ivalonsponge implant for complete rectal prolapse at St. Mark's Hospital, 1960\u20131970. Br J Surg 1972;59:846\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR13","first-page":"51","volume":"482","author":"B Holmstr\u00f6m","year":"1978","unstructured":"Holmstr\u00f6m B, Ahlberg J, Bergstrand O, Brod\u00e9n G, Ewerth S. Results of the treatment of rectal prolapse operated according to Ripstein. Acta Chir Scand 1978;(Suppl.)482:51\u20132.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02553547","volume":"25","author":"DP Launer","year":"1982","unstructured":"Launer DP, Fazio VW, Weakley FL, Turnbull RB Jr, Jagelman DG, Lavery IC. The Ripstein procedure: a 16-year experience. Dis Colon Rectum 1982;25:41\u20135.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02553984","volume":"27","author":"KG Atkinson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Atkinson KG, Taylor DC. Wells procedure for complete rectal prolapse: a 10-year experience. Dis Colon Rectum 1984;27:96\u20138.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.60.704.411","volume":"60","author":"JR Anderson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Anderson JR, Wilson BG, Parks TG. Complete rectal prolapse\u2014the results of Ivalon sponge rectopexy. Postgrad Med J 1984;60:411\u20134.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554307","volume":"28","author":"C Johansson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Johansson C, Ihre T, Ahlb\u00e4ck SO. Disturbances in the defecation mechanism with special reference to intussusception of the rectum (internal procidentia). Dis Colon Rectum 1985;28:920\u20134.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02560226","volume":"28","author":"RT Schlinkert","year":"1985","unstructured":"Schlinkert RT, Beart RW Jr., Wolff BG, Pemberton JH. Anterior resection for complete rectal prolapse. Dis Colon Rectum 1985;28:409\u201312.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800750113","volume":"75","author":"CV Mann","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mann CV, Hoffman C. Complete rectal prolapse: the anatomical and functional results of treatment by an extended abdominal rectopexy. Br J Surg 1988;75: 34\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR20","first-page":"221","volume":"154","author":"A Husa","year":"1988","unstructured":"Husa A, Sainio P, v. Smitten K. Abdominal rectopexy and sigmoid resection (Frykman-Goldberg operation) for rectal prolapse. Acta Chir Scand 1988;154:221\u20134.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554550","volume":"32","author":"K Yoshioka","year":"1989","unstructured":"Yoshioka K, Heyen F, Keighley MR. Functional results after posterior abdominal rectopexy for rectal prolapse. Dis Colon Rectum 1989;32:835\u20138.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(89)90196-7","volume":"158","author":"GJ Blatchford","year":"1989","unstructured":"Blatchford GJ, Perry RE, Thorson AG, Christensen MA. Rectopexy without resection for rectal prolapse. Am J Surg 1989;158:574\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR23","first-page":"379","volume":"31","author":"NH Porter","year":"1962","unstructured":"Porter NH. A physiological study of the pelvic floor in rectal prolapse. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1962;31:379\u2013404.","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02562598","volume":"29","author":"B Holmstr\u00f6m","year":"1986","unstructured":"Holmstr\u00f6m B, Brod\u00e9n G, Dolk A, Frenckner B. Increased anal resting pressure following the Ripstein operation: a contribution to continence? Dis Colon Rectum 1986;29:485\u20137.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.18.8.656","volume":"18","author":"AG Parks","year":"1977","unstructured":"Parks AG, Swash M, Urich H. Sphincter denervation in anorectal incontinence and rectal prolapse. Gut 1977;18:656\u201365.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800680804","volume":"68","author":"ME Neill","year":"1981","unstructured":"Neill ME, Parks AG, Swash M. Physiological studies of the anal sphincter musculature in faecal incontinence and rectal prolapse. Br J Surg 1981;68:531\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.5.470","volume":"26","author":"SJ Snooks","year":"1985","unstructured":"Snooks SJ, Henry MM, Swash M. Anorectal incontinence and rectal prolapse: differential assessment of the innervation to puborectalis and external anal sphincter muscles. Gut 1985;26:470\u20136.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.17.2.147","volume":"17","author":"B Frenckner","year":"1976","unstructured":"Frenckner B, Ihre T. Function of the anal sphincters in patients with intussusception of the rectum. Gut 1976;17:147\u201351.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(86)90110-8","volume":"151","author":"KM Hiltunen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hiltunen KM, Matikainen M, Auvunen O, Hietanen P. Clinical and manometric evaluation of anal sphincter function in patients with rectal prolapse. Am J Surg 1986;151:489\u201392.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(88)80694-9","volume":"155","author":"AM Metcalf","year":"1988","unstructured":"Metcalf AM, Loening-Baucke V. Anorectal function and defecation dynamics in patients with rectal prolapse. Am J Surg 1988;155:206\u201310.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800670117","volume":"67","author":"MR Keighley","year":"1980","unstructured":"Keighley MR, Makuria T, Alexander Williams J, Arabi Y. Clinical and manometric evaluation of rectal prolapse and incontinence. Br J Surg 1980;67:54\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.22.2.126","volume":"22","author":"DM Matheson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Matheson DM, Keighley MR. Manometric evaluation of rectal prolapse and faecal incontinence. Gut 1981;22:126\u20139.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.6.1.64","volume":"6","author":"HL Duthie","year":"1965","unstructured":"Duthie HL, Watts JM. Contribution of the external anal sphincter to the pressure zone in the anal canal. Gut 1965;6:64\u20138.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.16.6.482","volume":"16","author":"B Frenkner","year":"1975","unstructured":"Frenkner B, Euler CV. Influence of pudendal block on the function of the anal sphincters. Gut 1975;16:482\u20139.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800711129","volume":"71","author":"MR Keighley","year":"1984","unstructured":"Keighley MR, Shouler PJ. Abnormalities of colonic function in patients with rectal prolapse and faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 1984;71:892\u20135.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01649678","volume":"3","author":"G Brod\u00e9n","year":"1988","unstructured":"Brod\u00e9n G, Dolk A, Holmstr\u00f6m B. Recovery of the internal anal sphincter following rectopexy: a possible explanation for continence improvement. Int J Color Dis 1988;3:23\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Color Dis"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800770209","volume":"77","author":"J Sayfan","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sayfan J, Pinho M, Alexander Williams J, Keighley MR. Sutured posterior rectopexy with sigmoidectomy compared with Marlex rectopexy for rectal prolapse. Br J Surg 1990;77:143\u20135.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR38","first-page":"637","volume":"76","author":"K Yoshioka","year":"1989","unstructured":"Yoshioka K, Keighley MR. Parameters which will identify patients who are likely to remain incontinent after abdominal rectopexy. Br J Surg 1989;76:637.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02090159_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800760120","volume":"76","author":"K Yoshioka","year":"1989","unstructured":"Yoshioka K, Hyland G, Keighley MR. Anorectal function after abdominal rectopexy: parameters of predictive value in identifying return of continence. Br J Surg 1989;76:64\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"}],"container-title":["Diseases of the Colon &amp; Rectum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00003453-199134030-00001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:59:22Z","timestamp":1785855562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00003453-199134030-00001"}},"subtitle":["A prospective manometric study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02090159","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3706"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3706","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,3]]}}}