{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:04:12Z","timestamp":1761487452490},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,5,1]],"date-time":"1992-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":704678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since 1979, 157 patients with T2, T3, or T4 cancer of the lower rectum have been treated by a short course of irradiation, 30\u00a0Gy within 12\u00a0days by cobalt 60 using 120\u00b0 arc rotation on a sacral field, followed by a 2\u2010month rest before surgery. The operative specimens were tumor\u2010free in 13% of patients, Dukes' A in 40% of patients, Dukes' B in 22% of patients, and Dukes' C in 25% of patients. Three (1.9%) patients died postoperatively. At 3 years (107 patients) and 5 years (74 patients) the rates of death of local failure were 7.5% and 9.5%, respectively. The 3\u2010year and 5\u2010year disease\u2010free survival were 71% and 58%. Since 1983, the surgeons took advantage of the tumor regression to carry out sphincter\u2010saving operation in 67 patients with T2, T3, and T4 tumors of the lower third of the rectum. The proportion of patients treated by restorative surgery instead of abdominoperineal resection has grown significantly during the past 4 years, from 22% to 71%. Diverting colostomy was performed in 10 patients. Anastomotic leakages were observed in 7 patients. Of 31 patients who underwent low anterior resection and were followed 3 to 7 years (mean 4.5 years), 5 patients died of distant metastasis and 3 patients are alive after segmental hepatectomy. One patient had local recurrence which was controlled by abdominoperineal resection. The rate of 3\u2010year disease\u2010free survival was 77%. Preliminary results indicate that well planned pre\u2010operative irradiation and delayed surgery can significantly extend the scope of anal preservation for selected patients with cancer of the lower third of the rectum without jeopardizing survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02104455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,13]],"date-time":"2005-09-13T03:03:48Z","timestamp":1126580628000},"page":"502-509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Role of pre\u2010operative irradiation for anal preservation in cancer of the low rectum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ph.","family":"Berard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery and Radiotherapy University of Lyon Lyon France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Papillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery and Radiotherapy University of Lyon Lyon France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Rectal anal cancers: Conservative treatment by irradiation: An alternative to radical surgery","author":"Papillon J.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554589"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800750924"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"663","volume-title":"Surgery of the anus, rectum and colon","author":"Goligher J.C.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800740604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800720115"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19840315)53:6<1354::AID-CNCR2820530623>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800730503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"797","article-title":"Cancer du rectum: Traitement par association radio\u2010chirurgicale de 328\u00a0malades. Etude mono et multi\u2010factorielle des facteurs de pronostic","volume":"12","author":"Domergue J.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198811000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.156.2.4011919"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554362"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"335","article-title":"Preoperative irradiation in operable cancer of the rectum: Report of the Toronto trial","volume":"20","author":"Rider W.D.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Can. J. Surg."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"Recent advances in the treatment of rectal cancer","volume":"24","author":"Nicholls R.J.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br. J. Hosp. 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