{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:49:05Z","timestamp":1791856145225,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,1]],"date-time":"1995-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":807235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Autism Dev Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02179373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,5]],"date-time":"2005-10-05T12:38:14Z","timestamp":1128515894000},"page":"355-379","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":260,"title":["The Pre-Linguistic Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Pamela C.","family":"DiLavore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Lord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02179373_CR1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (1994).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.","edition":"4th ed."},{"key":"BF02179373_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-835X.1989.tb00793.x","volume":"7","author":"S. Baron-Cohen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Baron-Cohen, S. (1989). Perceptual role-taking and protodeclarative pointing in autism.British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 7, 113\u2013127.","journal-title":"British Journal of Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.161.6.839","volume":"161","author":"S. Baron-Cohen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Baron-Cohen, S., Allen, J., & Gillberg, C. (1992). Can autism be detected at 18 months? The needle, the haystack, and the CHAT.British Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 839\u2013843.","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.83.5.762","volume":"83","author":"J. J. Bartko","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bartko, J. J. (1976). On various intraclass correlation reliability coefficients.Psychological Bulletin, 83, 762\u2013765.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR5","volume-title":"Manual for the Bayley Scales of Infant Development","author":"N. Bayley","year":"1969","unstructured":"Bayley, N. (1969).Manual for the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. New York: Psychological Corp."},{"key":"BF02179373_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400004569","volume":"6","author":"L. Capps","year":"1994","unstructured":"Capps, L., Sigman, M., & Mundy, P. (1994). Attachment security in children with autism.Development and Psychopathology, 6, 249\u2013261.","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR7","first-page":"127","volume":"86","author":"D. V. Cicchetti","year":"1981","unstructured":"Cicchetti, D. V., & Sparrow, S. A. (1981). Developing criteria for establishing interrater reliability of specific items: Applications to assessment of adaptive behavior.American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 86, 127\u2013137.","journal-title":"American Journal of Mental Deficiency"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.88.2.322","volume":"88","author":"A. J. Conger","year":"1980","unstructured":"Conger, A. J. (1980). Integration and generalization of kappa for multiple raters.Psychological Bulletin, 88, 322\u2013328.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00910664","volume":"12","author":"G. Dawson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Dawson, G., & Adams, A. (1984). Imitation and social responsiveness in autistic children.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 12, 209\u2013226.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR10","volume-title":"The Differential Abilities Scale: Introductory and technical handbook","author":"C. D. Elliott","year":"1990","unstructured":"Elliott, C. D. (1990).The Differential Abilities Scale: Introductory and technical handbook. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corp."},{"key":"BF02179373_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00834.x","volume":"31","author":"C. Gillberg","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gillberg, C., Ehlers, S., Schaumann, H., Jakobsson, G., Dahlgren, S. O., Lindblom, R., Bagenholm, A., Tjuus, T., & Blidner, E. (1990). Autism under age 3 years: A clinical study of 28 cases referred for autistic symptom in infancy.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 921\u2013934.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR12","volume-title":"Sequenced inventory of communication development","author":"D. L. Hedrick","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hedrick, D. L., Prather, E. M., & Tobin, A. R. (1984).Sequenced inventory of communication development. Seattle: University of Washington Press."},{"key":"BF02179373_CR13","first-page":"217","volume":"2","author":"L. Kanner","year":"1943","unstructured":"Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact.Nervous Child, 2, 217\u2013250.","journal-title":"Nervous Child"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02212936","volume":"19","author":"A. Couteur Le","year":"1989","unstructured":"Le Couteur, A., Rutter, M., Lord, C., Rios, P., Robertson, S., Holdgrafer, M., & McLennan, J. D. (1989). Autism Diagnostic Interview: A semi-structured interview for parents and caregivers of autistic persons.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19, 363\u2013387.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30325-3","volume":"14","author":"C. Lord","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lord, C. (1991). Methods and measures of behavior in the diagnosis of autism and related disorders.Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14, 69\u201380.","journal-title":"Psychiatric Clinics of North America"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR16","unstructured":"Lord, C. (1994).Follow-up of two year-olds referred for possible autism. Manuscript submitted for publication."},{"key":"BF02179373_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02211841","volume":"19","author":"C. Lord","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lord, C., Rutter, M., Goode, S., Heemsbergen, J., Jordan, H., Mawhood, L., & Schopler, E. (1989). Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule: A standardized observation of communicative and social behavior.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19, 185\u2013212.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02172145","volume":"24","author":"C. Lord","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 659\u2013686.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR19","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Preschool education programs for children with autism","author":"C. Lord","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lord, C., & Schopler, E. (1993). TEACCH services for preschool children. In S. L. Harris & J. S. Handelman (Eds.),Preschool education programs for children with autism (pp. 87\u2013106). Austin, Texas: Pro-Ed."},{"key":"BF02179373_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0355(199323)14:3<234::AID-IMHJ2280140308>3.0.CO;2-F","volume":"14","author":"C. Lord","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lord, C., Storoschuk, S., Rutter, M., & Pickles, A. (1993). Using the ADI-R to diagnose autism in preschool children.Infant Mental Health Journal, 14, 234\u2013252.","journal-title":"Infant Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01531663","volume":"16","author":"K. Loveland","year":"1986","unstructured":"Loveland, K., & Landry, S. (1986). Joint attention and language in autism and developmental language delay.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 16, 335\u2013349.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR22","volume-title":"Mullen Scales of Early Learning","author":"E. Mullen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mullen, E. (1989).Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Cranston, RI: T.O.T.A.L. Child."},{"key":"BF02179373_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x","volume":"27","author":"P. Mundy","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mundy, P., Sigman, M., Ungerer, J., & Shennan, T. (1986). Defining the social deficits of autism: The contribution of nonverbal communication measures.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, 657\u2013669.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR24","volume-title":"Explorations in personality","author":"H. A. Murray","year":"1938","unstructured":"Murray, H. A. (1938).Explorations in personality. New York: Oxford."},{"key":"BF02179373_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199105000-00021","volume":"30","author":"S. J. Rogers","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rogers, S. J., Ozonoff, M. A., & Maslin-Cole, C. (1991). A comparative study of attachment behavior in young children with autism or other psychiatric disorders.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 483\u2013488.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400000043","volume":"3","author":"S. J. Rogers","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rogers, S. J., & Pennington, B. F., (1991). A theoretical approach to the deficits in infantile autism.Development and Psychopathology, 3, 137\u2013162.","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR27","volume-title":"The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) for diagnostic screening and classification of autism","author":"E. Schopler","year":"1986","unstructured":"Schopler, E., Reichler, R. J., & Renner, B. R. (1986).The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) for diagnostic screening and classification of autism. New York: Irvington."},{"key":"BF02179373_CR28","volume-title":"Procedures Manual for the Early Social-Communication Scales (ESCS)","author":"J. M. Seibert","year":"1982","unstructured":"Seibert, J. M., & Hogan, A. E. (1982).Procedures Manual for the Early Social-Communication Scales (ESCS). Miami, FL: Mailman Center for Child Development."},{"key":"BF02179373_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.2307\/1131234","volume":"63","author":"M. D. Sigman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sigman, M. D., Kasari, C., Kwon, J., & Yirmiya, N. (1992). Responses to negative emotions of others by autistic, mentally retarded, and normal children.Child Development, 63, 796\u2013807.","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198901000-00014","volume":"28","author":"M. Sigman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sigman, M., & Mundy, P. (1989). Social attachments in autistic children.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 74\u201381.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x","volume":"27","author":"M. Sigman","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sigman, M., Mundy, P., Sherman, T., & Ungerer, J. (1986). Social interactions of autistic, mentally retarded and normal children and their caregivers.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, 647\u2013656.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02409576","volume":"14","author":"M. Sigman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sigman, M., & Ungerer, J. (1984). Attachment behaviors in autistic children.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 14, 231\u2013244.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR33","volume-title":"Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales","author":"S. Sparrow","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sparrow, S., Balla, D., & Cicchetti, D. (1984).Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service."},{"key":"BF02179373_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01046106","volume":"23","author":"W. L. Stone","year":"1993","unstructured":"Stone, W. L., & Hogan, K. L. (1993). A structured parent interview for identifying young children with autism.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 23, 639\u2013652.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR35","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Mental measurement of preschool children","author":"R. Stutsman","year":"1931","unstructured":"Stutsman, R. (1931). Guide for administering the Merrill-Palmer Scale of Mental Tests. In L. M. Terman (Ed.),Mental measurement of preschool children (pp. 139\u2013262). New York: Harcourt, Brace & World."},{"key":"BF02179373_CR36","unstructured":"Swettenham, J., Baron-Cohen, S., Cox, A., Baird, G., Drew, A., & Charman, T. (1994, June).An epidemiological study of autism at 18 months of age. Presented at International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"key":"BF02179373_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3203.489","volume":"32","author":"D. Thal","year":"1989","unstructured":"Thal, D., Bates, E., & Bellugi, U. (1989). Language and cognition in two children with Williams syndrome.Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 32, 489\u2013500.","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)60992-4","volume":"20","author":"J. A. Ungerer","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ungerer, J. A., & Sigman, M. (1981). Symbolic play and language comprehension in autistic children.Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 20, 318\u2013337.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR39","volume-title":"DSM-IV sourcebook","author":"F. R. Volkmar","year":"1993","unstructured":"Volkmar, F. R., Klin, A., Siegal, B., Szatmari, P., Lord, C., Cicchetti, D. V., & Rutter, M. (1993). DSM-IV autism\u29c4rvasive development disorder field trial final report. In A. Frances (Ed.),DSM-IV sourcebook. New York: American Psychiatric Association."},{"key":"BF02179373_CR40","volume-title":"Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales","author":"A. M. Wetherby","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wetherby, A. M., & Prizant, B. M. (1990).Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales. San Antonio, TX: Special Press."},{"key":"BF02179373_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2703.364","volume":"27","author":"A. M. Wetherby","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wetherby, A. M., & Prutting, C. A. (1984). Profiles of communicative and cognitive-social abilities in autistic children.Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 27, 364\u2013377.","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"BF02179373_CR42","volume-title":"ICD-10 1986 draft of chapter 5 categories F00-F99. Mental, behavioral and developmental disorders","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1993","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1993).ICD-10 1986 draft of chapter 5 categories F00-F99. Mental, behavioral and developmental disorders. Geneva: Author."}],"container-title":["Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02179373.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02179373\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02179373","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T12:59:48Z","timestamp":1557838788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF02179373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]}},"alternative-id":["BF02179373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02179373","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-3257","1573-3432"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-3257","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3432","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]}}}