{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T15:55:57Z","timestamp":1785858957366,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02234640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,14]],"date-time":"2005-11-14T15:58:38Z","timestamp":1131983918000},"page":"1168-1175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Electromyography of the pelvic floor musculature in the assessment of obstructed defectation symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"Fucini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Ronchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Elbetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"BF02234640_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1953.sp005024","volume":"122","author":"WF Floyd","year":"1953","unstructured":"Floyd WF, Wells EW. Electromyography of the sphincter ani externus in man. J Physiol 1953;122:599\u2013609.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800680804","volume":"68","author":"ME Neill","year":"1981","unstructured":"Neill ME, Parks AG, Swash M. Physiological studies of the anal sphincter musculature in faecal incontinence and rectal prolapse. Br J Surg 1981;68:531\u201336.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR3","volume-title":"Coloproctology and the pelvic floor","author":"MM Henry","year":"1992","unstructured":"Henry MM, Swash M. Coloproctology and the pelvic floor. London: Butterworth Heinemann, 1992."},{"key":"BF02234640_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02616902","volume":"7","author":"IF Wasserman","year":"1964","unstructured":"Wasserman IF. Puborectalis syndrome (rectal stenosis due to anorectal spasm). Dis Colon Rectum 1964;7:87\u201398.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02617635","volume":"13","author":"AF Sharli","year":"1970","unstructured":"Sharli AF, Kiesewetter WB. Defecation and continence: some new aspects. Dis Colon Rectum 1970;13:81\u2013107.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00341293","volume":"7","author":"C Johansson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Johansson C, Nilsson BY, Mellgren A, Dolk A, Holmstrom B. Paradoxical sphincter reaction and associated colorectal disorder. Int J Colorectal Dis 1992;7:89\u201394.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01889028","volume":"13","author":"CI Bartram","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bartram CI, Turnbull GK, Lennard-Jones JE. Evacuation proctography: an investigation of rectal expulsion in 20 subjects without defecatory disturbance. Gastrointest Radiol 1988;13:72\u201380.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Radiol"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02150750","volume":"33","author":"A Infantino","year":"1990","unstructured":"Infantino A, Masin A, Pianon P,et al. Role of proctography in severe constipation. Dis Colon Rectum 1990; 33:707\u201312.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00290185","volume":"9","author":"M Papachrysostomou","year":"1994","unstructured":"Papachrysostomou M, Smith AN, Menick MV. Obstructive defaecation and slow transit constipation: the proctographic parameters. Int J Colorectal Dis 1994;9:115\u201320.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.6.907","volume":"36","author":"U Karlbom","year":"1995","unstructured":"Karlbom U, Pahlman L, Nilsson S, Graf W. Relationships between defecographic findings, rectal emptying, and colonic transit time in constipated patients. Gut 1995;36:907\u201312.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02553449","volume":"28","author":"HC Kuijpers","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kuijpers HC, Bleijenberg G. The spastic pelvic floor syndrome: a cause of constipation. Dis Colon Rectum 1985;28:669\u201372.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01318172","volume":"30","author":"DM Preston","year":"1985","unstructured":"Preston DM, Lennard-Jones JE. Anismus in chronic constipation. Dig Dis Sci 1985;30:413\u201318.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01660715","volume":"4","author":"PR Barnes","year":"1988","unstructured":"Barnes PR, Lennard-Jones JE. Function of the striated anal sphincter during straining in control subjects and constipated patients with a radiologically normal rectum or idiopathic megacolon. Int J Colorectal Dis 1988;4:207\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)31670-1","volume":"75","author":"H Martelli","year":"1978","unstructured":"Martelli H, Devroede G, Arhan P, Duguay C. Mechanism of idiopathic constipation: outlet obstruction. Gastroenterology 1978;75:623\u201331.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02561685","volume":"30","author":"PN Jones","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jones PN, Lubowski DZ, Swash M, Henry MM. Is paradoxical contraction of puborectalis muscle of functional importance? Dis Colon Rectum 1987;30:667\u201370.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050925","volume":"40","author":"WR Schouten","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schouten WR, Briel JW, Auwerda JJ,et al. Anismus: fact or fiction? Dis Colon Rectum 1997;40:1033\u201341.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800780619","volume":"78","author":"R Miller","year":"1991","unstructured":"Miller R, Duthie GS, Bartolo DC, Roe AM, Locke-Edmunds J, Mortensen NJ. Anismus in patients with normal and slow transit constipation. Br J Surg 1991;78:690\u20132.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02066978","volume":"16","author":"GS Duthie","year":"1992","unstructured":"Duthie GS, Bartolo DC. Anismus: the cause of constipation? Results of investigation and treatment. World J Surg 1992;16:831\u20135.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.10.1175","volume":"32","author":"BM Kawinle","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kawinle BM, Papachrisostomou M, Binnie NR,et al. Outlet obstruction constipation (anismus) managed by biofeedback. Gut 1991;32:1175\u20139.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050669","volume":"35","author":"SD Wexner","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wexner SD, Cheape JD, Jorge JM, Heymen S, Jagelman DG. Prospective assessment of biofeedback for treatment of paradoxical puborectalis contraction. Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:145\u201350.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02055159","volume":"40","author":"NA Rieger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rieger NA, Wattchow DA, Sarre RG,et al. Prospective study of biofeedback for treatment of constipation. Dis Colon Rectum 1997;40:1143\u20138.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00341391","volume":"6","author":"B Lestar","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lestar B, Penninckx F, Kerremans R. Biofeedback defaecation training for anismus. Int J Colorectal Dis 1991;6:202\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02051068","volume":"34","author":"J Dahl","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dahl J, Lindquist BL, Tysk C, Leissner P, Philipson L, Jarnerot G. Behavioral medicine treatment in chronic constipation with paradoxical anal sphincter contraction. Dis Colon Rectum 1991;34:769\u201376.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00341217","volume":"7","author":"DZ Lubowski","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lubowski DZ, King DW, Finlay IG. Electromyography of the pubococcygeus muscles in patients with obstructed defecation. Int J Colorectal Dis 1992;7:184\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01900538","volume":"9","author":"A Shafik","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shafik A. A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation: mass contraction of the pelvic floor muscles. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 1998;9:28\u201332.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02236356","volume":"42","author":"C Fucini","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fucini C, Elbetti C, Messerini L. Anatomic plane of separation between external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle: clinical implications. Dis Colon Rectum 1999;42:374\u20139.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s003840050124","volume":"13","author":"A Mellgren","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mellgren A, Lopez A, Schultz I, Anzen B. Rectocele is associated with paradoxical anal sphincter reaction. Int J Colorectal Dis 1998;13:13\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR28","first-page":"355","volume":"67","author":"MM Henry","year":"1985","unstructured":"Henry MM, Snooks SJ, Barnes PR, Swash M. Investigation of disorders of the anorectum and colon. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1985;67:355\u201360.","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01649677","volume":"3","author":"DC Bartolo","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bartolo DC, Roe AM, Virjee J, Mortensen NJ, Locke-Edmunds JC. An analysis of rectal morphology in obstructed defaecation. Int J Colorectal Dis 1988;3:17\u201322.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554527","volume":"32","author":"B Lestar","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lestar B, Penninckx FM, Kerremans RP. Defecometry: a new method for determining the parameters of rectal evacuation. Dis Colon Rectum 1989;32:197\u2013201.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02139214","volume":"33","author":"C Johansson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Johansson C, Ihre T, Holmstrom B, Nordstrom E, Dolk A, Broden G. A combined electromyographic and cineradiologic investigation in patients with defecation disorders. Dis Colon Rectum 1990;33:1009\u201313.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02049410","volume":"35","author":"C Johansson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Johansson C, Nilsson BY, Holmstrom B, Dolk A, Mellgren A. Association between rectocele and paradoxical sphincter response. Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:503\u20139.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02047295","volume":"36","author":"L Siproudhis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Siproudhis L, Dautreme S, Ropert A,et al. Dyschezia and rectocele: a marriage of convenience? Physiologic evaluation of the rectocele in a group of 52 women complaining of difficulty in evacuation. Dis Colon Rectum 1993;36:1030\u20136.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02150745","volume":"33","author":"MW Arnold","year":"1990","unstructured":"Arnold MW, Stewart WR, Aguilar PS. Rectocele repair: four years' experience. Dis Colon Rectum 1990;33:684\u20137.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00418847","volume":"11","author":"F Pucciani","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pucciani F, Rottoli ML, Bologna A,et al. Anterior rectocele and anorectal dysfunction. Int J Colorectal Dis 1996;11:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"BF02234640_CR36","volume-title":"Morphological and physiological aspects of anal continence and defecation","author":"R Kerremans","year":"1969","unstructured":"Kerremans R. Morphological and physiological aspects of anal continence and defecation. Brussels: Editions Arscia, 1969."}],"container-title":["Diseases of the Colon & Rectum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00003453-200144080-00019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T15:00:17Z","timestamp":1785855617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00003453-200144080-00019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02234640","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3706"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3706","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]}}}