{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T11:50:14Z","timestamp":1751370614061},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,6,1]],"date-time":"1994-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":770428800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02260380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]],"date-time":"2005-11-22T21:39:37Z","timestamp":1132695577000},"page":"201-220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Abraham Lincoln and the insanity plea"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Allen D.","family":"Spiegel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02260380_CR1","unstructured":"McWhirter C: Lincoln the lawyer.St. Louis Post-Dispatch Nov. 30, 1993, Sec. D, p. 1."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR2","first-page":"300","volume-title":"The Abraham Lincoln Encyclopedia","author":"ME Neely","year":"1982","unstructured":"Neely ME:The Abraham Lincoln Encyclopedia. NY: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1982, p. 300."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR3","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Lincoln. A Photobiography","author":"R Freedman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Freedman R:Lincoln. A Photobiography. NY: Ticknor & Fields, 1987, pp. 2, 85."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR4","unstructured":"Keiser T: \u201cThe Illinois Beast:\u201d one of our greatest presidents.Wall Street Journal Feb. 11, 1988, p. 30."},{"issue":"2","key":"BF02260380_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/70.2.343","volume":"70","author":"B Schwartz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Schwartz B: Mourning and the making of a sacred symbol: Durkheim and the Lincoln assassination.Social Forces 70[2]:343\u2013364, 1991.","journal-title":"Social Forces"},{"key":"BF02260380_CR6","unstructured":"Presidential Papers Microfilm.Abraham Lincoln Papers. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1959, Nos. 25985, 26202, 25256, 27295, 27297, 27303, 27368, 26178, 27291, 27368, 26018."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR7","unstructured":"U.S. War Department. Records of the Office of the Judge Advocate General [Army] Court Martial Case Files 1863\u20131865 [MM-631, Record Group 30, Dr. David M. Wright], National Archives Microfilm, Washington, DC.; Jordan EL:A Painful Case: The Wright-Sanborn Incident in Norfolk, Virginia, July\u2013October 1863. Master of Arts Thesis, Old Dominion University [VA], April 1979, pp. 6\u20138, 66\u201368, 30\u201331, 52."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR8","first-page":"220","volume-title":"Norfolk, Historic Southern Port","author":"TJ Wertenbaker","year":"1931","unstructured":"Wertenbaker TJ:Norfolk, Historic Southern Port. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1931, p. 220."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR9","first-page":"2","volume-title":"War of the Rebellion","author":"U.S. War Records Office","year":"1884","unstructured":"U.S. War Records Office.War of the Rebellion. Washington, DC: Govt. Printing Office, 1884, 1889, pp. 2:6:106, 187, 216, 233, 438, 1:29:Part 2:322, 2:6:380, 1:29:Part 2:370, 27:845, 2:6:323."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR10","first-page":"288","volume-title":"Biographical Dictionary of the American Congress","author":"U. S. Congress","year":"1950","unstructured":"U. S. Congress.Biographical Dictionary of the American Congress. Washington, DC: Govt. Printing Office, 1950, pp. 288, 872, 279, 1793."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR11","first-page":"148","volume-title":"Lincoln As a Lawyer","author":"JP Frank","year":"1961","unstructured":"Frank JP:Lincoln As a Lawyer. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1961, pp. 148\u2013149."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR12","first-page":"194","volume-title":"Mr. Seward For the Defense","author":"E Conrad","year":"1965","unstructured":"Conrad E:Mr. Seward For the Defense. NY: Rinehart & Co., 1965, pp. 194, 130."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR13","volume-title":"The Trial of William Freeman for the Murder of John G. Van Nest","author":"BF Hall","year":"1848","unstructured":"Hall BF:The Trial of William Freeman for the Murder of John G. Van Nest. Auburn, NY: Derby, Miller & Co., 1848."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR14","unstructured":"Trial of Isaac Wyant.Weekly Pantagraph [Bloomington, IL] April 15, 1857, p.1; Duff JJ:A. Lincoln, Prairie Lawyer. NY: Rinehart & Co., 1960, pp. 304\u2013307."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR15","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Abraham Lincoln, The True Story of a Great Life","author":"WH Herndon","year":"1893","unstructured":"Herndon WH, Weik JW:Abraham Lincoln, The True Story of a Great Life. NY: Appleton & Co., 1893, p. 13."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR16","volume-title":"Trial of Hon. Daniel E. Sickles for Shooting Philip Barton Key, Esq","author":"FG Fontaine","year":"1859","unstructured":"Fontaine FG:Trial of Hon. Daniel E. Sickles for Shooting Philip Barton Key, Esq. NY: R.M. DeWitt Pub., 1859; Brandt N:The Congressman Who Got Away With Murder. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1991."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR17","unstructured":"Century Edition, American Digest Vol. 14. St. Paul: West Pub. Co., 1899, pp. 662, 671."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR18","first-page":"182","volume-title":"Life on the Circuit With Lincoln","author":"HC Whitney","year":"1892","unstructured":"Whitney HC:Life on the Circuit With Lincoln. Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1892, pp. 182\u2013183."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR19","first-page":"6","volume-title":"The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln","author":"RP Basler","year":"1953","unstructured":"Basler RP:The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953, pp. 6:429,362, 335\u2013340, 414, 23, 5:356, 7:49, 6:530, 532."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR20","first-page":"693","volume-title":"The Physicians and Surgeons of the U.S.","author":"WB Atkinson","year":"1878","unstructured":"Atkinson WB:The Physicians and Surgeons of the U.S. Phila.: Charles Robson, 1878, p. 693."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR21","first-page":"137","volume-title":"The Lady and the President","author":"CM Synder","year":"1975","unstructured":"Synder CM:The Lady and the President. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1975, p. 137."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR22","first-page":"248","volume-title":"Memoirs of Pliny Earle, M.D.","author":"FB Sanborn","year":"1898","unstructured":"Sanborn FB:Memoirs of Pliny Earle, M.D. Boston: Damrell & Upham, 1898, p. 248"},{"key":"BF02260380_CR23","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Dr. Kirkbride and His Mental Hospital","author":"ED Bond","year":"1947","unstructured":"Bond ED:Dr. Kirkbride and His Mental Hospital. Phila.: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1947, p. 111."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR24","first-page":"212","volume-title":"Mary Todd Lincoln, A Biography","author":"JH Baker","year":"1987","unstructured":"Baker JH:Mary Todd Lincoln, A Biography. NY: W. W. Norton Co., 1987, p. 212."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR25","unstructured":"American Journal of Insanity Annual Meeting, May 1863. 20:61\u2013107, 163, 1863\u201364."},{"issue":"9","key":"BF02260380_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.118.9.795","volume":"118","author":"N Dain","year":"1962","unstructured":"Dain N, Carlson ET: Moral insanity in the U.S.Amern Journal of Psychiatry 118[9]: 795\u2013801, 1962.","journal-title":"Amern Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF02260380_CR27","first-page":"275","volume":"29","author":"JP Gray","year":"1872\u20131873","unstructured":"Gray JP: Thoughts on the causation of insanity.Amern Journal of Insanity 29:275, 1872\u20131873; American Psychiatric Assn.One Hundred Years of American Psychiatry. NY: Columbia University Press, 1944, pp. 205\u2013211.","journal-title":"Amern Journal of Insanity"},{"key":"BF02260380_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amern Journal of Insanity The trial of Mary Harris. 22[iii]:333\u2013369, 1865\u201366. [No author but most likely written by Dr. J. P. Gray]","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.22.3.333"},{"issue":"2","key":"BF02260380_CR29","first-page":"163","volume":"34","author":"RS Waldinger","year":"1979","unstructured":"Waldinger RS: Sleep of reason: John P. Gray and the challenge of moral insanity.Journal of the History of Medicine 34[2]:163\u2013179, 1979.","journal-title":"Journal of the History of Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"BF02260380_CR30","first-page":"5","volume":"12","author":"AD Spiegel","year":"1991","unstructured":"Spiegel AD, Spiegel MS: Paroxysmal insanity as a murder defense in 1865.American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry 12[4]:5\u201322, 1991.","journal-title":"American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF02260380_CR31","volume-title":"The Trial of the Assassin Guiteau. Psychiatry and Law in the Gilded Age","author":"CE Rosenberg","year":"1968","unstructured":"Rosenberg CE:The Trial of the Assassin Guiteau. Psychiatry and Law in the Gilded Age. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR32","first-page":"488","volume-title":"Abraham Lincoln, The War Years","author":"C Sandburg","year":"1939","unstructured":"Sandburg C:Abraham Lincoln, The War Years Vol. 3. NY: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1939, p. 488."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR33","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln","author":"JG Nicolay","year":"1894","unstructured":"Nicolay JG, Hay J:Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. 9. NY: Lamb Pub., 1894, p. 119."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR34","first-page":"284","volume":"20","author":"JP Gray","year":"1864","unstructured":"Gray JP: The case of Dr. David M. Wright, for the murder of Lieutenant Sanborn,-plea, insanity.Amern Journal of Insanity 20:284\u2013300, 1864.","journal-title":"Amern Journal of Insanity"},{"key":"BF02260380_CR35","unstructured":"Execution of Dr. Wright.New York Herald Oct. 25, 1863, p. 1."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR36","unstructured":"The employment of refranchised Negroes as soldiers.New York Times [editorial]. Jan. 9, 1863, p. 4."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR37","first-page":"461","volume-title":"Report on the Treatment of Prisoners of War By the Rebel Authorities During the War of the Rebellion","author":"U. S. House of Representatives","year":"1869","unstructured":"U. S. House of Representatives.Report on the Treatment of Prisoners of War By the Rebel Authorities During the War of the Rebellion. Washington, DC: Govt. Printing Office, 1869. 40th Congress, 2nd Session, Report No. 45], p. 461."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR38","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Freedom","author":"W Safire","year":"1987","unstructured":"Safire W:Freedom. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co., 1987, p. 15."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR39","unstructured":"Abraham Lincoln. Frederick Douglass's Reminiscences.New York Daily Tribune July 5, 1885, p. 3."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR40","first-page":"237","volume-title":"The Negro's Civil War","author":"JM McPherson","year":"1982","unstructured":"McPherson JM:The Negro's Civil War. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982, p. 237."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR41","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Forged in Battle. The Civil War Alliance of Black Soldiers and White Officers","author":"JT Glatthaar","year":"1990","unstructured":"Glatthaar JT:Forged in Battle. The Civil War Alliance of Black Soldiers and White Officers. NY: Free Press, 1990, p. 69."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR42","first-page":"194","volume-title":"The Papers of Andrew Johnson","author":"LP Graf","year":"1983","unstructured":"Graf LP, Haskins RW:The Papers of Andrew Johnson Vol. 6 1862\u20131864. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1983, p. 194."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR43","first-page":"138","volume-title":"The Sable Arm. Negro Troops in the Union Army 1861\u20131865","author":"DT Cornish","year":"1966","unstructured":"Cornish DT:The Sable Arm. Negro Troops in the Union Army 1861\u20131865. NY: W. W. Norton, 1966, p. 138."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR44","first-page":"170","volume-title":"Lincoln in Caricature","author":"RR Wilson","year":"1953","unstructured":"Wilson RR:Lincoln in Caricature. NY: Horizon Press, 1953, p. 170."},{"issue":"1","key":"BF02260380_CR45","first-page":"78","volume":"43","author":"GL Carle","year":"1992","unstructured":"Carle GL: The First Kansas Colored.Amern Heritage 43[1]:78\u201391, 1992.","journal-title":"Amern Heritage"},{"key":"BF02260380_CR46","unstructured":"Safe In Dixie.Daily Examiner [Richmond, VA] October 28, 1863, p. 1."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR47","first-page":"380","volume":"21","author":"JP Gray","year":"1865","unstructured":"Gray JP: Homicide: plea insanity, case of Lorenzo C. Stewart.Amern Journal of Insanity 21: 380\u2013390, 1865.","journal-title":"Amern Journal of Insanity"},{"key":"BF02260380_CR48","unstructured":"Mayer H: Abe, honestly and otherwise.New York Times Book Review Section, Feb. 12, 1989, p. 24."},{"key":"BF02260380_CR49","unstructured":"Safire W: Lincoln Meets the Press.New York Times Magazine Aug. 23, 1987, pp. 28\u201329."}],"container-title":["Journal of Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02260380.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02260380\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02260380","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]],"date-time":"2020-04-11T03:55:44Z","timestamp":1586577344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF02260380"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]}},"alternative-id":["BF02260380"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02260380","relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-5145","1573-3610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-5145","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]}}}