{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:06:21Z","timestamp":1760645181521},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1980,11,1]],"date-time":"1980-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":341884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Zinc is an essential element in over 70\u00a0metalloenzymes that are involved in a wide variety of biochemical reactions and physiological processes such as synthesis of RNA and DNA, the immune response, wound healing, growth and development, utilization of vitamin A, and maintaining the integrity of membranes of cells and organelles. Zinc deficiencies are rare under normal circumstances because the usual diets throughout the world contain ample zinc to meet normal human daily requirements of about 15\u00a0mg. Deficiencies of zinc usually result from unusual diets with high cereal content and little or no animal proteins, and are manifested clinically by such disorders as hypogonadal dwarfism, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia teratogenesis, impaired senses of taste and smell, and dermatologic problems, including acrodermatitis enteropathica. We have added 2 case reports to the recently reported cases of acute dermatoses, with lesions resembling those of acrodermatitis enteropathica, associated with total parenteral nutrition and due to zinc deficiency resulting from inadequate intake of zinc and increased excretion of zinc in patients who already may have been depleted from nutritional disturbances that placed them in a catabolic state. Amino acid solutions for total parenteral nutrition, especially the newer crystalline amino acid solutions, contain amounts of zinc that are inadequate for these patients. The acute dermatoses resemble impetigo caused by bacteria, yeast, or fungi, but do not respond to appropriate treatment for these kinds of lesions. They respond readily to parenteral zinc therapy and probably can be prevented by giving adequate zinc parenterally during total parenteral nutrition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02393517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,11]],"date-time":"2006-05-11T18:36:29Z","timestamp":1147372589000},"page":"693-698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dermatitis due to zinc deficiency associated with prolonged malnutrition and total parenteral nutrition"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Harold F.","family":"Hamit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Charlotte Memorial Hospital and Medical Center Charlotte North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamer E.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Charlotte Memorial Hospital and Medical Center Charlotte North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Charlotte Memorial Hospital and Medical Center Charlotte North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1980,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"351","article-title":"Zinc deficiency in man","volume":"130","author":"Raudlin J.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am. 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