{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T07:01:57Z","timestamp":1779174117618,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,11,1]],"date-time":"1994-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":783648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our previous work has shown that n\u20103 fatty acids exert a protective effect against phenytoin\u2010induced cleft palate when phenytoin was administered midgestation [gestational days (GD) 12 and 13] to CD\u20101 mice. The effects of dietary n\u20103 fatty acids on phenytoin teratogenicity were investigated at an earlier gestational period (GD 9) to examine whether n\u20103 fatty acids could exert protective action against other teratogenic effects of phenytoin apart from cleft palate. The effect of phenytoin exposure on maternal hepatic polyunsaturated fatty acid composition was also studied since \u03946 desaturase activity has been shown to be modified by pharmacological action. Female CD\u20101 mice were fed a standard laboratory diet (SLD), safflower oil (SAFF) or a cod liver\/linseed oil (CLO\/LO)\u2010based diet for three weeks prior to impregnation and throughout pregnancy. Pregnant mice were administered a single i.p. dose of phenytoin on GD 9, and teratological assessments were performed on GD 19. Tissues were harvested on GD 10 for maternal hepatic phospholipid fatty acid analysis from another group of phenytoin\u2010treated mice. The CLO\/LO and the SLD mice, as compared to the SAFF\u2010fed antimals, showed a reduction in total malformations and fetal growth retardation due to phenytoin. Open eye defect was the only anomaly induced by phenytoin in the CLO\/LO fetuses while phenytoin produced a variety of malformations in the SAFF fetuses such as tail defects, cleft palate, open eye and absence or blockage of the ureter. Dietary n\u20106\/n\u20103 fatty acid ratios were reflected in maternal hepatic phospholipids; however, phenytoin exposure appeared to inhibit the conversion of 18\u22362n\u20106 to 20\u22364n\u20106 in the SAFF dams only. These results indicate that the overall protective effects of dietary n\u20103 fatty acids on phenytoin embryo\u2010toxicity are observed at an early gestational period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02536699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,29]],"date-time":"2006-11-29T14:26:11Z","timestamp":1164810371000},"page":"771-778","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["n\u20103 fatty acids inhibit defects and fatty acid changes caused by phenytoin in early gestation in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Kim A.","family":"High","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition McGill University 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue Qu\u00e9bec H9X 3V9 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stan","family":"Kubow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition McGill University 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue Qu\u00e9bec H9X 3V9 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420130209"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320190304"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)90629-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)28694-3","volume":"22","author":"Harbison R.D.","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420330109"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)90676-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","first-page":"191","volume":"4","author":"Eluma F.O.","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Genet. Dev. 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