{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:21:05Z","timestamp":1789399265294,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1Part1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,3,1]],"date-time":"1996-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":825638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":60,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies from our laboratory indicate that n\u20103 (fish oil, FO) lipids at 10% (w\/w) in a nutritionally adequate, semipurified diet, and supplemented with equal levels of antioxidants, extended the life span of lupus\u2010prone (NZB\/NZW)F<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (B\/W) female mice as compared to n\u20106 (corn oil, CO) lipids. The early rise of autoimmune disease in CO\u2010fed mice was closely linked to the loss of T\u2010cell function. Both IL\u20102 production and IL\u20102 receptor expression were reduced due to the loss of naive T\u2010Cells and a rise in memory T\u2010cells. Proliferative response to both mitogens and superatigens (staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B) was higher in FO\u2010fed 6.5\u2010mon\u2010old mice. These changes paralleled decreased PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> production by splenic cells from FO\u2010fed mice.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Analysis of mRNA expression in different organs revealed differential effects of dietary lipids. In FO\u2010fed, mice, transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF \u03b21) expression was decreased in kidneys, but splenic tissues had higher expression of TGF \u03b2 mRNA. As TGF \u03b2 promotes programmed cell death (PCD), we studied the effects of CO and FO on PCD rates in lymphocytes. Both propidium iodide staining and DNA fragmentation were elevated in lymphocytes of FO\u2010fed mice when compared to CO\u2010fed mice of similar age. Also, increased PCD correlated closely with increased Fas gene expression. Thus, in addition to various other antiinflammatory effects, dietary FO appears to increase PCD and prevent accumulation of self\u2010reactive immune cells in lymphoid organs. Further studies are required to dissect the proand antiinflammatory mechanisms associated with dietary n\u20103 and n\u20106 lipids in modulating autoimmune disorders or malignancy during aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02637058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,25]],"date-time":"2007-05-25T07:12:20Z","timestamp":1180077140000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Modulation of antioxidant enzymes and programmed cell death by n\u20103 fatty acids"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Texas Health Science Center 7703 Floyd Curl. Dr. San Antonio TX 782847874"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bysani","family":"Chandrasekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Texas Health Science Center 7703 Floyd Curl. Dr. San Antonio TX 782847874"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianghong","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Texas Health Science Center 7703 Floyd Curl. Dr. San Antonio TX 782847874"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean A.","family":"Troyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology The University of Texas Health Science Center 7703 Floyd Curl. 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