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Palmitoylation following myristoylation of viral glycoproteins is required at the transmembrane level for signal transduction as well as for virion budding and maturation. Cholesterol, ether lipids, phospholipids, platelet\u2010activating factor, phosphatidic acids, diacyglycerols, and several analogs and derivatives influence human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity; when conjugated with inhibitors of the viral reverse transcriptase (RT) or aspartyl protease these compounds increase drug effectiveness. On the other hand,<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine, in association with the mitochondrial cardiolipins, inhibits myopathy due to continued prescription of drugs [AZT (zidovudine), ddl (didanoside), or ddC (zalcitabine)], and the redox couple of \u03b1\u2010lipoic\u2010dihydrolipoic acid prevents production of the reactive oxygen species that trigger apoptosis of infected cells, with sphingomyelin breakdown to ceramides. Retroviral infection induces a shift from phospholipid to neutral fat synthesis in host cells, and a long antiviral, i.e., antiprotease, treatment may lead to lipodystrophy. Multitherapy involving lipids and their analogs in association with anti\u2010RT and antiproteases might enhance the inhibition of growth and proliferation of retroviruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02664760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,16]],"date-time":"2007-07-16T18:14:31Z","timestamp":1184609671000},"page":"123-130","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Lipids and retroviruses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Jeanine","family":"Raulin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Denis Diderot (Paris 7) 22 rue Poliveau Paris 05 75251 France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6189183"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"El\u00e9ments de Structure et de Variabilit\u00e9 du R\u00e9trovirus Humain HIV\u20101","volume":"89","author":"Darlix J.L.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bull. 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