{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:33:38Z","timestamp":1791502418626,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,4,1]],"date-time":"1993-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":733622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02691223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,30]],"date-time":"2007-08-30T09:24:33Z","timestamp":1188465873000},"page":"171-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Sensitization and aversive conditioning: Effects on the startle reflex and electrodermal responding"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Alfons O.","family":"Hamm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02691223_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1991.tb02196.x","volume":"28","author":"M.M. Bradley","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bradley, M.M., Cuthbert, B.N., & Lang, P.J. (1991). Startle and emotion: Lateral acoustic probes and the bilateral blink.Psychophysiology, 28, 285\u2013295.","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"BF02691223_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1037\/h0060166","volume":"41","author":"J.S. Brown","year":"1951","unstructured":"Brown, J.S., Kalish, H.I., & Farber, I.E. (1951). Conditioned fear as revealed by magnitude of the startle response to an auditory stimulus.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 41, 317\u2013328.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"BF02691223_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.100.6.814","volume":"100","author":"M. Davis","year":"1986","unstructured":"Davis, M. (1986) Pharmacological and anatomical analysis of fear conditioning using the fear-potentiated startle paradigm.Behavioral Neuroscience, 100, 814\u2013824.","journal-title":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"BF02691223_CR4","first-page":"52","volume-title":"Psychopharmacology of anxiety","author":"M. Davis","year":"1989","unstructured":"Davis, M. (1989a). The role of the amygdala and its efferent projections in fear and anxiety. In P. Tyrer (Ed.),Psychopharmacology of anxiety (pp. 52\u201379). Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"BF02691223_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.103.3.495","volume":"103","author":"M. Davis","year":"1989","unstructured":"Davis, M. (1989b). Sensitization of the acoustic startle reflex by footshock.Behavioral Neuroscience, 103, 495\u2013503.","journal-title":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"BF02691223_CR6","unstructured":"Hamm, A.O., & Vaitl, D. (in press). Affective associations: The conditioning model and the organization of emotions. In N. Birbaumer & A. \u00d6hman, (Eds.),The structure of emotion: Psychophysiological, cognitive, and clinical aspects. Toronto: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers."},{"key":"BF02691223_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02691034","volume":"26","author":"A.O. Hamm","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hamm, A.O., Greenwald, M.K., Bradley, M.M., Cuthbert, B.N., & Lang, P.J. (1991). The fear potentiated startle effect: Blink reflex modulation as a result of classical aversive conditioning.Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Sciences, 26, 119\u2013126.","journal-title":"Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"BF02691223_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.91.3.375","volume":"91","author":"R.D. Hawkins","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hawkins, R.D., & Kandel, E.R. (1984). Is there a cell-biological alphabet for simple forms of learning?Psychological Review, 91, 375\u2013391.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"BF02691223_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.103.3.509","volume":"103","author":"J.M. Hitchcock","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hitchcock, J.M., Sananes, C.B., & Davis, M. (1989). Sensitization of the startle reflex by footshock: Blockade and lesions of the central nucleus of amygdala or its efferent pathway to the brainstem.Behavioral Neuroscience, 103, 509\u2013518.","journal-title":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"BF02691223_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.97.3.377","volume":"97","author":"P.J. Lang","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lang, P.J., Bradley, M.M., & Cuthbert, B.N. (1990). Emotion attention, and the startle reflex.Psychological Review, 97, 377\u2013395.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"BF02691223_CR11","unstructured":"Lang, P.J., Bradley, M.M., & Cuthbert, B.N. (in press). A motivational analysis of emotion: Reflex-cortex connections.Phychological Science."},{"key":"BF02691223_CR12","unstructured":"Lang, P.J., Greenwald, M.K., Bradley, M.M., & Hamm, A.O. (in press). Looking at pictures: Affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions.Psychophysiology."},{"key":"BF02691223_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-565950-5.50008-9","volume-title":"Electrodermal activity in psychological research","author":"W.F. Prokasy","year":"1973","unstructured":"Prokasy, W.F. & Kumpfer, K.L. (1973). Classical conditioning. In W.F. Prokasy & D.C. Raskin (Eds.),Electrodermal activity in psychological research (pp. 157\u2013202). New York: Academic Press."}],"container-title":["Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02691223.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02691223\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02691223","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T12:27:35Z","timestamp":1558355255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF02691223"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,4]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,4]]}},"alternative-id":["BF02691223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02691223","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-881X","1936-3567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-881X","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-3567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,4]]}}}