{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:01:09Z","timestamp":1791291669801,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]],"date-time":"1999-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":944006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02786470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,20]],"date-time":"2007-12-20T18:20:03Z","timestamp":1198174803000},"page":"147-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":245,"title":["The paradigm of Th1 and Th2 cytokines"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"V. K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Mehrotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. S.","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02786470_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(96)30069-8","volume":"18","author":"M Fresno","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fresno M, Kopf M, Rivas L: Cytokines and infectious diseases. Immunol Today 1997;18:56\u201358.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.7.2348","volume":"136","author":"TR Mosmann","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mosmann TR, Cherwinski II, Bond MW, Giedlin MA, Coffman RI: Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. J Immunol 1986;136:2348\u20132357.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)80019-9","volume":"18","author":"S Romagnani","year":"1997","unstructured":"Romagnani S: The Th1\/Th2 paradigm. Immunol Today 1997;18:263\u2013266.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(98)80008-X","volume":"19","author":"GA Rook","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rook GA, Stanford JL: Give us this day our daily germs. Immunol Today 1998;19:113\u2013116.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1997.4396","volume":"84","author":"IR Cohen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cohen IR: The Th1\/Th2Dichotomy, hsp60 autoimmunity, and type I diabetes. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1997;84:103\u2013106.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1991.tb00605.x","volume":"123","author":"D Fowell","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fowell D, McKnight AJ, Powrie F, Dyke R, Mason D: Subsets of CD4+ T cells and their role in the induction and prevention of autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 1991;123:37\u201364.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(91)90120-I","volume":"12","author":"S Romagnani","year":"1991","unstructured":"Romagnani S: Human Th1 and Th2: Doubt on more. Immunol Today 1991;12:256\u2013257.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01102-X","volume":"18","author":"JE Allen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Allen JE, Maizels RM: Th1-Th2: Reliable paradigm or dangerous Fig. 1. Diagrammatic representation of Th1.Th2 cytokines: Induction, Polarization and their role. * = Two types of CD8 cells are also called Tc1 and Tc2, X = inhibition.dogma? Immunol Today 1997;18:387\u2013392.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.297","volume":"15","author":"SL Constant","year":"1997","unstructured":"Constant SL, Bottomly K: Induction of Th1 & Th2 CD4+ T cell responses: The alternative approach. Annu Rev Immunol 1997;15:297\u2013322.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.003223","volume":"12","author":"RA Seder","year":"1994","unstructured":"Seder RA, Paul WE: Acquisition of lymphokine producing phenotype by CD4+ T cells. Annu Rev Immunol 1994;12:635\u2013674.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.3109\/08830189809043004","volume":"16","author":"G Prete Del","year":"1998","unstructured":"Del Prete G: The concept of type-1 and type-2 helper T cells and their cytokines in humans. Int Rev Immunol 1998;16:427\u2013455.","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.3.461","volume":"185","author":"M Rincon","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rincon M, Anguita J, Nakamura T, Fikriz, E, Fravell RA: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) direct the differentiation of IL-4 producing CD4+ T cells. J Exp Med 1997;185:461\u2013469.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1996.tb52689.x","volume":"759","author":"C Hilkens","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hilkens C, Snijders A, Vermeulen H, Vander Meide P, Wierenga E, Kapsenberg M: Accessory cellderived interleukin-12 and prostaglandin E2 determine the level of interferon gamma produced by activated human CD4+ cells. Ann New York Acad Sci 1996;759:349\u2013350.","journal-title":"Ann New York Acad Sci"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(98)01345-0","volume":"19","author":"R Martin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Martin R, Ruddle NH, Reingold S, Hafler DA: T helper cell differentiation in multiple sclerosis and autoimmunity. Immunol Today 1998;19:495\u2013498.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.5.1755","volume":"181","author":"NG Jacobson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jacobson NG, Szabo SJ, Weber-Nordt RM, Zhang Z, Schoeiber RD, Parnell JE, Jr., Murphy KM: Interleukin 12 signaling in T helper cell type I (Th1) cells involves tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 3 and 4. J Exp Med 1995;181:1755\u20131762.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/382174a0","volume":"382","author":"MH Kaplan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kaplan MH, Sum YL, Hoey T, Grusby MJ: Impaired IL-12 responses and enhanced development of Th2 cells in Stat 4 deficient mice. Nature 1996;382:174\u2013177.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8085155","volume":"265","author":"J Hou","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hou J, Schindler U, Henzel WJ, Ho TG, Brasseur M, MacKnight SL: An interleukin-4 induced transcription factor:IL-4 Stat. Science 1994;265:1701\u20131706.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/380627a0","volume":"380","author":"K Takeda","year":"1996","unstructured":"Takeda K, Tanaku T, Shi W, Matsumoto M, Minami M, Kashiwamura S, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T, Akira S: Essential role of stat 6 in IL-4 signaling. Nature 1996;380: 627\u2013630.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR19","first-page":"182","volume":"6","author":"P Lane","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lane P, Flynn S, Walker L, Raykundalia C, Broker T, Gulbrason-Judge A: CD4 cytokine differentiation who and what decides? Immunologist 1988;6:182\u2013185.","journal-title":"Immunologist"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90349-6","volume":"80","author":"VK Kuchroo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kuchroo VK, Das MP, Brown JA, Ranger AM, Zamvil SS, Sobel RA, Weiner HL, Nabavi N, Glimcher LH: B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory molecules activate differentially the Th1\/Th2 development pathways: Application to autoimmune disease therapy. Cell 1995;80:707\u2013718.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1996.0118","volume":"80","author":"S Romagnani","year":"1996","unstructured":"Romagnani S: Th1 and Th2 in human diseases. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1996;80:225\u2013235.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.6.1652","volume":"148","author":"RA Seder","year":"1992","unstructured":"Seder RA, Boulay JL, Finkelman F, Barbier S, Ben-Sasson SL, Le Gros GG, Paul WE: CD8+ T cells can be primedin vitro to produce IL-4. J Immunol 1992;148:1652\u20131656.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.1.13","volume":"183","author":"AJ Caton","year":"1996","unstructured":"Caton AJ, Swartzentruber JR, Kuhl AL, Cading SR, Stark SE: Activation and negative selection of functionally distinct subset of antibody secreting cells by Influenza haemagglutinin as a viral and a neo-self antigen. J Exp Med 1996;183:13\u201326.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.3.551","volume":"185","author":"SA Luther","year":"1997","unstructured":"Luther SA, Gulbranson-Judge A, Acha-Orbea H, Mac Lennan ICM: Viral superantigen drives extrafollicular and follicular B cell differentiation leading to virusspecific antibody production. J Exp Med 1997;185:551\u2013562.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.08.040190.003441","volume":"8","author":"C Esser","year":"1990","unstructured":"Esser C, Radbrunch A: Immunoglobulin class switching: Molecular and cellular analysis. Annu. Rev Immunol 1990;8:717\u2013735.","journal-title":"Annu. Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)87499-3","volume":"19","author":"RM Martin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Martin RM, Lew AM: Is IgG2a a good Th1 marker in mice? Immunol Today 1998;19:49.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3107127","volume":"236","author":"CM Snapper","year":"1987","unstructured":"Snapper CM, Paul WE: Interferon gamma and B cell stimulatory factor-1 reciprocally regulate Ig isotype production. Science 1987;236:944\u2013947.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s002510050258","volume":"46","author":"RM Martin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Martin RM, Silva A, Lew AM: The Igh-1 sequence of the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse assigns it to the IgG2c isotype. Immunogenetics 1997;46:167\u2013168.","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"issue":"S","key":"BF02786470_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1995.tb06153.x","volume":"101","author":"P Duret","year":"1995","unstructured":"Duret P, Sheela R, Pelletier L: Th1 and Th2 cells in autoimmunity. Clin Exp Immunol 1995;101(S):9\u201312.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(97)80192-6","volume":"9","author":"A O\u2019Garra","year":"1997","unstructured":"O\u2019Garra A, Steinman L, Gijbels K: CD4+ T cell subsets in autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 1997;9:872\u2013873.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(95)80068-9","volume":"16","author":"RS Liblau","year":"1995","unstructured":"Liblau RS, Singer SM, McDevitt HO: Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of organ specific autoimmune diseases. Immunol Today 1995;16:34\u201338.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3299","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.7.3299","volume":"161","author":"E Battelli","year":"1998","unstructured":"Battelli E, Das MP, Howard ED, Weiner HL, Sobel RA, Kuchroo VK: IL-10 is critical in the regulation of autoimmune encephalomyelitis as demonstrated by studies of IL-10 and IL-4 deficient and transgenic mice. J Immunol 1998:161:3299\u20133306.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.2.307","volume":"186","author":"JJ Lafaille","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lafaille JJ, Keere FV, Hsu Al, Baron JL, Haas W, Raine CS, Tonegawa S: Myelin basic protein-specific T helper2 (Th2) cells cause experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in immunodeficient hosts rather than protect them from the disease. J Exp Med 1997;186:307\u2013312","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/9.5.799","volume":"9","author":"R Liblau","year":"1997","unstructured":"Liblau R, Steinman L, Brocke S: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in IL-4-deficient mice. Int Immunol 1997;9:799\u2013803.","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR35","first-page":"735","volume":"45","author":"B Cannela","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cannela B, Gao YL, Brosnan C, Raine CS: IL-10 fails to abrogate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurosci 1996;45:735\u2013746.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1997.1121","volume":"178","author":"H Xu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Xu H, Rizzo H, Silver PB, Caspi RR: Uveitogenicity is associated with a Th1-like lymphokine profile: Cytokine dependent modulation of early and committed effector T cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Cell Immunol 1997;178:69\u201378.","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3096","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830231208","volume":"23","author":"A Saoudi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Saoudi A, Kuhn J, Huygen K, De-Kozak Y, Velu T, Goldman M, Duret P, Bellon B: Th2 activated cells prevent experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis, a Thl dependent autoimmune disease. Eur J Immunol 1993;23:3096\u20133103.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.6.2668","volume":"157","author":"RR Caspi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Caspi RR, Silver PB, Chan CC, Sun B, Agarwal RK, Wells J, Oddo S, Fujino Y, Najafian F, Wilder RL: Genetic susceptibility to experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in the rats associated with an elevated Th1 response. J Immunol 1996;157:2668\u20132675.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/10.6.807","volume":"10","author":"LV Rizzo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rizzo LV, Xuh, Chan CC, Wiggert B, Caspi RR: IL-10 has a protective role in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Int Immunol 1998;10:807\u2013814.","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.1.122","volume":"161","author":"TK Tarrant","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tarrant TK, Silver PB, Chan CC, Wiggert B, Caspi RR: Endogenous IL-12 is required for induction and expression of experimental autoimmune uveitis. J Immunol 1998;161:122\u2013127.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5997","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.12.5997","volume":"158","author":"LS Jones","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jones LS, Rizzo LV, Agarwal RK, Tarrant TK, Chan CC, Wiggert B, Caspi RR: Interferon gamma-deficient mice develop experimental autoimmune uveitis in the context of a deviant effector response. J Immunol 1997:158:5997\u20136005.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.2.890","volume":"52","author":"RR Caspi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Caspi RR, Chan CC, Grubbs BG, Silver PB, Wiggert B, Parsa CF, Bahmanyar S, Billiau A, Herremans H: Endogenous systemic IFN-\u03b3 has a protective effect against ocular autoimmunity in mice. J Immunol 1994;52:890\u2013899.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR43","first-page":"S368","volume":"99","author":"RR Caspi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Caspi RR, Silver PB, Agarwal RK, Rizzo LV, Chan CC, Tarrant TK: Systemic administration of IL-12 protects mice from experimental autoimmune uveitis through a mechanism involving IFN-\u03b3. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99:S368.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.2.1004","volume":"159","author":"B Sun","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sun B, Rizzo LV, Sun SH, Chan CC, Wiggert B, Wilder RL, Caspi RR: Genetic susceptibility to experimental autoimmune uveitis involves more than a predisposition to generate a Thelper-1-like or a T helper-2-like response. J Immunol 1997;159:1004\u20131111.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR45","first-page":"377","volume":"23","author":"AH Heurtier","year":"1997","unstructured":"Heurtier AH, Biotard C: T cell regulating in murine and human autoimmune diabetes: The role of Th1 and Th2 cells. Diabetes Metab 1997;23:377\u2013385.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.2.299","volume":"186","author":"SV Pakala","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pakala SV, Kurrer MO, Katz JD: T helper 2 (Th2) T cells induce acute pancreatitis and diabetes in immune compromised nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. J Exp Med 1997;186:299\u2013306.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1994.1068","volume":"71","author":"KJ Pennline","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pennline KJ, Roque-Gaffney E, Monahan E: Recombinant human IL-10 prevents the onset of diabetes in the nonobese diabetic mouse. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1994;71:169\u2013175.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.4.1379","volume":"179","author":"L Wogensen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wogensen L, Lee M-S, Sarvetnick N: Production of interleukin 10 by islet cells accelerates immune mediated destruction of \u03b2 cells in non obese diabetic mice. J Exp Med 1994;179:1379\u20131384.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91583-0","volume":"343","author":"N Shehadeh","year":"1994","unstructured":"Shehadeh N, Calcinaro F, Bradley BJ, Bruchlim I, Vardi P, Lafferty KJ: Effect of adjuvant therapy on development of diabetes in mouse and man. Lancet 1994;343:706\u2013707.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.1996.0036","volume":"9","author":"B Balasa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Balasa B, Savetnick N: The paradoxical effects of interleukin-10 in the immunoregulation of autoimmune diabetes. J Autoimmunity 1997;9:283\u2013286.","journal-title":"J Autoimmunity"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9784","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.20.9784","volume":"89","author":"RO Williams","year":"1992","unstructured":"Williams RO, Feldmann M, Maini RN: Anti-tumor necrosis factor ameliorates joint disease in murine-collagen-induced arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:9784\u20139788.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5687","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.11.5687","volume":"159","author":"AC Horsfall","year":"1997","unstructured":"Horsfall AC, Bulter DM, Marinova L, Warden PJ, William RO, Maini RM, Feldman M: Suppression of collagen-induced arthritis by continuous administration of IL-4. J Immunol 1997;159:5687\u20135696.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250123","volume":"25","author":"M Franco De","year":"1995","unstructured":"De Franco M, Gille-Perramant M-F, Mevel J-C, Coudere J: T helper subset involvement in two high antibody responder lines of mice (Biozzi mice): HI (susceptible) and H II (resistant) to collagen induced arthritis. Eur J Immunol 1995;25:132\u2013136.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.3.1542","volume":"161","author":"Y Kageyama","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kageyama Y, Koide Y, Yoshida A, Uchijima M, Arai T, Mijamoto S, Ozeki T, Hijoshi M, Kushida K, Inoue T: Reduced susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis in mice deficient in IFN-gamma receptor. J Immunol 1998;161:1542\u20131548.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.4.1092","volume":"138","author":"CG Romball","year":"1987","unstructured":"Romball CG, Weigle WO: Transfer of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis with T cell clones. J Immunol 1987;138:1092\u20131098.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.6.2219","volume":"149","author":"SJ Stull","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stull SJ, Sharp GC, Kyriakos M, Bickell JT, Braley-Mullen H: Induction of granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice with in vitro activated effector T cells and anti-IFN-\u03b3 antibody. J Immunol 1992;149:2219\u20132226.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.166.3.798","volume":"166","author":"CO Jacob","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jacob CO, van der Meide PH, McDevitt HO: In vivo treatment of (NZB X NZW)F1 lupus-like nephritis mice with monoclonal antibody to \u03b3-interferon. J Exp Med 1987;166:798\u2013803.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250103","volume":"25","author":"L Ozmen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ozmen L, Roman D, Fountoulakis M, Schmid G, Ryffel B, Garotta G: Experimental therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus: The treatment of NZB\/W mice with mouse soluble interferon-\u03b3 receptor inhibits the onset of glomerulonephritis. Eur J Immunol 1995; 25:6\u201312.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117373","volume":"94","author":"BK Finck","year":"1994","unstructured":"Finck BK, Chan B, Wofsy D: Interleukin 6 promotes murine lupus in NZB\/NZW FI mice. J Clin Invest 1994;94:585\u2013591.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.1.305","volume":"179","author":"H Ishida","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ishida H, Muchamuel T, Sakaguchi S, Menon S, Howard M: Continuous administration of anti-interleukin 10 antibodies delays onset of autoimmunity in NZB\/W mice. J Exp Med 1994;179:305\u2013310.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.3.973","volume":"179","author":"J Zhang","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zhang J, Markovic-Plese S, Lacet B, Raus J, Weiner HL, Hafler DA: Increased frequency of interleukin 2-responsive T cells specific for myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. J Exp Med 1994;179:973\u2013984.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(98)70131-9","volume":"102","author":"L Tang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tang L, Benjaponpitak S, Dekruyff RM, Umetsu DT: Reduced prevalence of allergic disease in patients with multiple sclerosis is associated with enhanced IL-12 production. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;102:428\u2013435.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00086-1","volume":"91","author":"A Windhagen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Windhagen A, Anderson DE, Carrizosa A, Balashov K, Weiner HL, Hafler DA: Cytokine secretion of myelin basic protein reactive T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 1998;91:1\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3109\/08916939809003870","volume":"8","author":"C Vandevyver","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vandevyver C, Motmans K, Stinissen P, Zhang J, Raus J: Cytokine m-RNA profile of myelin basic protein reactive T cell clones in patients with multiple sclerosis. Autoimmunity 1998;8:77\u201389.","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00053-8","volume":"87","author":"K Hohnoki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hohnoki K, Inoue A, Koh CS: Elevated serum levels of IFN-\u03b3, IL-4 and TNF-\u03b1\/unelevated serum levels of IL-10 in patients with demyelinating diseases during the acute stage. J Neuroimmunol 1998;87:27\u201332.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859800400104","volume":"4","author":"H Link","year":"1998","unstructured":"Link H: The cytokine storm in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 1998;4:12\u201315.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.7.1097","volume":"37","author":"HS Panitch","year":"1987","unstructured":"Panitch HS, Hirsch RL, Schindler J, Johnson KP: Treatment of multiple sclerosis with \u03b3 interferon: Exacerbations associated with activation of the immune system. Neurology 1987;37:1097\u20131102.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(98)01320-6","volume":"19","author":"JD Laman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Laman JD, Thompson EJ, Kappos L: Balancing the Th1\/Th2 in multiple sclerosis. Immunol Today 1998;19:489\u2013490.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR69","first-page":"1466","volume":"25","author":"M Kusaba","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kusaba M, Honda J, Fukuda T, Oizumi K: Analysis of type 1 and type 2 T cells in synovial fluid and peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1998;25:1466\u20131471.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780361206","volume":"36","author":"MJ Elliott","year":"1993","unstructured":"Elliott MJ, Maini RN, Feldmann M, Fox-Long A, Charles P, Katsikis P, Brennan M, Walker J, Biji H, Ghrayeb J, Woody J: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with chimeric monoclonal antibodies to TNF-\u03b1, safety, clinical efficacy and regulation of acute phase response. Arthritis Rheum 1993;36:1681\u20131686.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117394","volume":"94","author":"AP Cope","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cope AP, Londei M, Chu NR, Cohen SBA, Elliott MJ, Brennan F, Maini RN, Feldmann M: Chronic exposure to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in vitro impairs the activation of T cells through the T cell receptor\/CD3 complex: Reversal in vivo by anti-TNF antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Invest 1994;94:749\u2013760.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.57.5.275","volume":"75","author":"CM Verhoef","year":"1998","unstructured":"Verhoef CM, Van Roon JA, Vianen ME, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA, Lafeber FP, Bijlsma JW: Mutual antagonism of rheumatoid arthritis and hay fever; a role for type 1\/type-2 T cell balance. Ann Rheum Dis 1998;75:275\u2013280.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1997.4457","volume":"86","author":"S Raziuddin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Raziuddin S, Bahabri S, Al-Dalaan A, Siraj AK, Al-Sedairy S: A mixed Th1\/Th2 cell cytokine response predominates in systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: Immunoregulatory IL10 function. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1998;86:192\u2013198.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(95)80092-1","volume":"16","author":"G Prete Del","year":"1995","unstructured":"Del Prete G, Maggi E, Pizzolo G, Romagnani S: The cytokines and HIV infection: A complex and fascinating link. Immunol Today 1995;16:76\u201380.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.3.839","volume":"181","author":"L Llorente","year":"1995","unstructured":"Llorente L, Zou W, Levy Y, Richaud-Patin Y, Wijdenes J, Alcocer-Verela J, Morel-Fourrier B, Brouet J-C, Alarcon-Segovia D, Galanaud P, Emilie D: Role of interleukin-10 in the B lymphocyte hyperactivity and autoantibody production of human systemic lupus erythematosus. J Exp Med 1995;181:839\u2013844.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR76","first-page":"14","volume":"51","author":"CH Heusser","year":"1994","unstructured":"Heusser CH, Brinkmann V: Immune response and pathophysiology of the allergic reaction. Ther Umsch 1994;51:14\u201318.","journal-title":"Ther Umsch"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.001303","volume":"12","author":"S Romagnani","year":"1994","unstructured":"Romagnani S: Lymphokine production by human T cells in disease states. Annu Rev Immunol 1994;12:227\u2013257.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S1380-2933(97)10005-7","volume":"3","author":"E Maggi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Maggi E: The Th1\/Th2 paradigm in allergy. Immunotechnology 1998;3:233\u2013244.","journal-title":"Immunotechnology"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-215-44109","volume":"215","author":"DT Umetsu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Umetsu DT, De Kruyff RH: Th 1 and Th2 CD4+ cells in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1997;215:11\u201320.","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(94)90021-3","volume":"15","author":"G Zurawaski","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zurawaski G, de Vries JE: Interleukin 13, an interleukin 4-like cytokine that acts on monocyte and B cells, but not on T cells. Immunol Today 1994;15:19\u201326.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115846","volume":"90","author":"M Kiniwa","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kiniwa M, Gateley M, Chizzonite R, Fargeas C, Delespesse G: Recombinant interleukin 12 suppresses the synthesis of immunoglobulin E by interleukin 4 stimulated human lymphocytes. J Clin Invest 1992;90: 262\u2013266.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63241-3","volume":"78","author":"S Yamamoto","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yamamoto S, Hamasaki Y, Ishii E, Ichimaru T, Miyazaki G: Unbalanced production of interleukin-5 and interkeukin-2 in children with atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997;78:517\u2013523.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(96)70246-4","volume":"98","author":"Q Hamid","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hamid Q, Nasser T, Minshall EM, Song YL, Boguniewicz M, Leung DY: In vivo expression of IL-12 and IL-13 in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;98: 225\u2013231.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(96)80161-8","volume":"97","author":"T Thepen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thepen T, Langeveld-Wildschut EG, Bihari IC, van Wichen DF, van Reijsen FC, Mudde GC, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA: Bi phasic response against aero allergen in atopic dermatitis showing a switch from an initial Th2 response to a Th1 response in situ: An immunocytochemical study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;97: 828\u2013837.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s001050050573","volume":"48","author":"I Bohm","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bohm I, Bauer R: Th1 cells, Th2 cells and atopic dermatitis. Hautartz 1997;48:223\u2013227.","journal-title":"Hautartz"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1996.tb02118.x","volume":"51","author":"K Sugimara","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sugimara K, Hashiguchi S, Takahashi Y, Hino K, Kurimoto M, Fukuda K, Ohyama M, Yamada G: Th1\/Th2 response profiles to the major allergens Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 of Japanese cedar pollen. Allergy 1996;51: 732\u2013740.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1997.tb01252.x","volume":"27","author":"C Ebner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ebner C, Siemann U, Bohle B, Willheim M, Wiedermann U, Schenk S, Klotz F, Ebner H, Kraft D, Scheiner O: Immunological changes during specific immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy: Reduced lymphoproliferative responses to allergen and shift from Th2 to Th1 in T-cell clones specific for Ph1 p 1, a major grass pollen allergen. Clin Exp Allergy 1997;27:1007\u20131015.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR88","first-page":"75","volume":"9","author":"MP Laan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Laan MP, Baert MR,Vrendendaal AE, Savelkoul HF: Differential mRNA expression and production of interleukin-4 and interferon-\u03b3 in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of house-dust mite-allergic patients. Eur Cytokine Netw 1998;9:75\u201384.","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03916.x","volume":"53","author":"FJ Munoz-Bellido","year":"1998","unstructured":"Munoz-Bellido FJ, Monteserin FJ, Escribano MM, Delgad J, Velazquez E, Conde J: Effect of seasonal exposure to pollen on nonspecific interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interferon-\u03b3 in vitro release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects with pollinosis. Allergy 1998;53:420\u20135.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1995.1196","volume":"165","author":"P Probst","year":"1995","unstructured":"Probst P, Kuntzlin D, Fleischer B:Th2-type infiltrating T cells in nickel-induced contact dermatitis. Cell Immunol 1995;165:134\u2013140","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)80013-9","volume":"99","author":"E Crimi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Crimi E, Gaffi D, Frittoli E, Borgonovo B, Burastero SE: Depletion of circulating allergen-specific Th2 lymphocytes after allergen exposure in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99:788\u2013797.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR92","first-page":"1572","volume":"i","author":"L Noon","year":"1991","unstructured":"Noon L: Prophylactic inoculation against hay fever. Lancet 1991;i:1572\u20131573.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(91)90299-4","volume":"89","author":"J Bousqust","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bousqust J, Becker WM, Hejaoui A, Chanal CP, Lebel B, Dhivert H, Michel FB: Clinical and immunological reactivity of patients allergic to grass pollens and multiple pollen species. II. Efficacy of a double-blind placebo-controlled, specific immunotherapy with standardized extracts. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991;89:43.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.6.2123","volume":"178","author":"H Secrist","year":"1993","unstructured":"Secrist H, Chelen CJ, Yan W, Marshall JD, Umetsu DT: Allergen immunotherapy decreases IL4 production in CD4+ T cells from allergic individuals. J Exp Med 1993;178:2123\u20132130.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70106-4","volume":"99","author":"QA Hamid","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hamid QA, Schotman E, Jacobson MR, Walker SM, Durham SR: Increases in IL-12 messenger RNA+ cells accompany inhibition of allergen-induced late skin responses after successful grass pollen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99:254\u2013260.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.4.1199","volume":"177","author":"R Manetti","year":"1993","unstructured":"Manetti R, Parronchi P, Guidizi MG, Piccini M-P, Maggi E, Trinchieri G, Romagnani S: Natural killer cell stimulatory factor interleukin 12 (IL-12) induces T helper type 1 (Th1)-specific immune responses and inhibits the development of IL-4 producing Th cells. J Exp Med 1993; 177: 1199\u20131204.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BF02786470_CR97","first-page":"173","volume":"14","author":"A Magnan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Magnan A, Vervloet D. Allergies: determinants of T2 lymphocyte polarization and desensitization mechanisms. Rev Mal Respir 1997;14:173\u2013181.","journal-title":"Rev Mal Respir"}],"container-title":["Immunologic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02786470.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02786470\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02786470","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T16:24:11Z","timestamp":1708446251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF02786470"}},"subtitle":["Its Relevance to Autoimmunity and Allergy"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]}},"alternative-id":["BF02786470"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02786470","relation":{},"ISSN":["0257-277X","1559-0755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0257-277X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]}}}