{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:06:04Z","timestamp":1790834764495,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]],"date-time":"2004-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci &amp; Pollut Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02979631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,27]],"date-time":"2008-10-27T19:46:26Z","timestamp":1225136786000},"page":"233-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Assessing the toxicity and teratogenicity of pond water in north-central minnesota to amphibians"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Bridges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gardiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Petty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Huckins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02979631_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1139\/z00-040","volume":"78","author":"GT Ankley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ankley GT, Tietge JE, Holcombe GW, DeFoe DL, Diamond SA, Jensen KM, Degitz SJ (2000): Effects of laboratory ultraviolet radiation and natural sunlight on survival and development ofRana pipiens. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, 1092\u20131100","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(88)90043-7","volume":"198","author":"LA Applegate","year":"1998","unstructured":"Applegate LA, Ley RD (1998): Ultraviolet radiation-induced lethality and repair of pyrimidine dimmers in fish embryos. Mutation Research 198, 85\u201392","journal-title":"Mutation Research"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13735","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.25.13735","volume":"94","author":"AR Blaustein","year":"1997","unstructured":"Blaustein AR, Kiesecker JM, Olivers DP, Anthony RG (1997): Ambient UV-B radiation causes deformities in amphibian embryos. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94, 13735\u201313737","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/38.6.799","volume":"38","author":"AR Blaustein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Blaustein AR, Kiesecker JM, Chivers DP, Hokit DG, Marco A, Belden LK, Hatch A (1998): Effects of ultraviolet radiation on amphibians: field experiments. American Zoologist 38, 799\u2013812","journal-title":"American Zoologist"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR5","first-page":"246","volume":"1","author":"J Bonin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bonin J, Ouellet M, Rodrigue J, DesGranges J-L (1997): Measuring the health of frogs in agricultural habitats subjected to pesticides. Herpetological Conservation 1, 246\u2013257","journal-title":"Herpetological Conservation"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3207(02)00348-8","volume":"113","author":"CM Bridges","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bridges CM, Boone MD (2003): The interactive effects of UV-B and insecticide exposure on tadpoles survival, growth, and development. Biological Conservation 113, 49\u201354","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2000.99343.x","volume":"14","author":"CM Bridges","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bridges CM, Semlitsch RD (2000): Variation in pesticide tolerance of tadpoles among and within species of ranidae and patterns of amphibian decline. Conservation Biology 14, 1490\u20131499 239","journal-title":"Conservation Biology"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2000.98130.x","volume":"14","author":"SD Broomhall","year":"2000","unstructured":"Broomhall SD, Osborne WS, Cunningham RB (2000): Comparative effects of ambient ultraviolet-B radiation on two sympatric species of Australian frogs. Conservation Biology 14, 420\u2013427","journal-title":"Conservation Biology"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0010883","volume":"108","author":"JG Burkhart","year":"2000","unstructured":"Burkhart JG, Ankley G, Bell H, Carpenter H, Fort D, Gardiner D, Gardner H, Hale R, Helgen JC, Jepson P, Johnson D, Lannoo M, Lee D, Lary J, Levey R, Magner J, Meteyer C, Shelby MD, Lucier G (2000): Strategies for assessing the implications of malformed frogs for environmental health. Environmental Health Perspectives 108, 83\u201390","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR10","first-page":"841","volume":"106","author":"JG Burkhart","year":"1998","unstructured":"Burkhart JG, Helgen JC, Fort DJ, Gallagher D, Bowers D, Propst TL, Gernes M, Magner J, Shelby MD, Lucier G (1998): Induction of mortality and malformation inXenopus laevis embryos by water sources associated with frog deformities. Environmental Health Perspectives 106, 841\u2013848","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR11","volume-title":"1997\u20131999 Field Season Report","author":"JT Canfield","year":"2000","unstructured":"Canfield JT, Kersten SM, Vanselow P (2000): 1997\u20131999 Field Season Report, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1643\/0045-8511(2000)2000[0245:POAAFU]2.0.CO;2","volume":"2000","author":"EN Carman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Carman EN, Ferguson GW, Gehrmann WH, Chen TC, Holick MF (2000): Photobiosynthetic opportunity and ability for UV-B generated vitamin D synthesis in free-living house geckos (Hemi- dactylus turcicus) and Texas spiny lizards (Scleroporus olivaceous). Copeia 2000, 245\u2013250","journal-title":"Copeia"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1139\/z99-161","volume":"77","author":"D Crump","year":"1999","unstructured":"Crump D, Berrill M, Coulson D, Lean D, McGillivray L, Smith A (1999): Sensitivity of amphibian embryos, tadpoles, and larvae to enhanced UV-B radiation in natural pond conditions. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, 1956\u20131966","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.1999.18.10.2316","volume":"18","author":"DJ Fort","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fort DJ, Rogers RL, Copley HF, Bruning, LA, Stover EL, Helgen JC, Burkhart JC (1999a): Progress toward identifying causes maldevelopment induced inXenopus by pond water and sediment extracts from Minnesota, USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18, 2316\u201324","journal-title":"USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620181027","volume":"18","author":"DJ Fort","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fort DJ, Propst TL, Stover EL, Helgen JC, Levey RB, Gallagher K, Burkhart JC (1999b): Effects of pond water, sediment, and sediment extracts from Minnesota and Vermont, USA, on early development and metamorphosis ofXenopus. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18, 2305\u20132315","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-010X(19990701)284:2<207::AID-JEZ10>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"284","author":"DM Gardiner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gardiner DM, Hoppe DM (1999): Environmentally induced limb malformations in mink frogs(Rana septentrionalis). Journal of Experimental Zoology 284, 207\u2013216","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Zoology"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR17","first-page":"183","volume":"16","author":"KL Gosner","year":"1960","unstructured":"Gosner KL (1960): A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16,183\u2013190","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR18","first-page":"96","volume":"107","author":"JC Helgen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Helgen JC, Gernes MC, Kersten SM, Chirhard JW, Canfield JT, Bowers D, Haferman J, McKinnell RG, Hoppe DM (2000): Field investigations of malformed frogs in Minnesota 1993-1997. Journal of the Iowa Academy of Sciences 107, 96\u2013112","journal-title":"Journal of the Iowa Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR19","first-page":"86","volume":"107","author":"DM Hoppe","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hoppe DM (2000): History of Minnesota frog abnormalities: do recent findings represent a new phenomenon? Journal of the Iowa Academy of Sciences 107, 86\u201389","journal-title":"Journal of the Iowa Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1021\/es00048a028","volume":"27","author":"JN Huckins","year":"1993","unstructured":"Huckins JN, Manuweera GK, Petty JD, Mackay D, Lebo JA (1993): Lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring organic contaminants in water. Environmental Science and Technology 27, 2489\u20132496","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR21","unstructured":"Huckins JN, Petty JD, Prest HF, Clark RC, Alvarez DA, Orazio CE, Lebo JA, Cranor WL, Johnson BT (2002): A Guide for the use of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as samplers of waterborne hydrophobic organic contaminants. Report prepared for the American Petroleum Institute (API), API no. 4690, 186 pp"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5415.802","volume":"284","author":"PJT Johnson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Johnson PJT, Lunde KB, Ritchie EG, Launer AE (1999): The effect of trematode infection on amphibian limb development and survivorship. Science 284, 802\u2013804","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR23","first-page":"212","volume":"107","author":"MJ Lannoo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lannoo MJ (2000): Conclusions drawn from the malformity and disease session, Midwest declining amphibians conference 1998. Journal of the Iowa Academy of Sciences 107, 212\u2013216","journal-title":"Journal of the Iowa Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR24","first-page":"67","volume":"107","author":"EE Little","year":"2000","unstructured":"Little EE, Calfee R, Cleveland L, Skinker R, Zaga-Parkhurst A, Barron MG (2000): Photo-enhanced toxicity in amphibians: synergistic interactions of solar ultraviolet radiation and aquatic contaminants. Journal of the Iowa Academy of Sciences 107, 67\u2013771","journal-title":"Journal of the Iowa Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR25","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Techniques in Aquatic Toxicology","author":"EE Little","year":"1996","unstructured":"Little EE, Fabacher DL (1996): Exposure of freshwater fish to simulated solar UVB radiation. In: Techniques in Aquatic Toxicology. Ostrander G (ed.). Lewis Publishers, New York, pp 141\u2013158"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1998.97187.x","volume":"12","author":"M Lizana","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lizana M, Pedraza EM (1998): The effects of UV-B radiation on toad mortality in mountainous areas of central Spain. Conservation Biology 12, 703\u2013707","journal-title":"Conservation Biology"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR27","unstructured":"Mackay D, Shiu W-Y, Ma K-C (1991): Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals. Volume I. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan, USA. 704 pp"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR28","unstructured":"Mackay D, Shiu W-Y, Ma, K-C (1992): Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals. Volume II. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan, USA. 608 pp"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR29","unstructured":"Mackay D, Shiu W-Y, Ma K-C (1997): Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals. Volume V. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan, USA. 832 pp"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR30","first-page":"51","volume":"37","author":"J Merila","year":"2000","unstructured":"Merila J, Laurila A, Pahkala M (2000): Effects of ambient UV-B radiation on early development of the common frog(Rana temporaria) embryos in the subarctic. Annals Zoologica Fennici 37, 51\u201358","journal-title":"Annals Zoologica Fennici"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR31","unstructured":"Meteyer CU (2000): Field guide to malformations of frogs and toads with radiographic interpretations. Biological Sciences Report USGS\/BRD\/BSR-2000\u20130005"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR32","first-page":"72","volume":"107","author":"CU Meteyer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Meteyer CU, Cole RA, Converse KA, Docherty DE, Wolcott M, Helgen JC, Levey R, Eaton-Poole L, Burkhart JG (2000): Defining anuran malformations in the context of a developmental problem. Journal of Iowa Academy of Sciences 107, 72\u20137800","journal-title":"Journal of Iowa Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR33","first-page":"617","volume-title":"Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles","author":"M Ouellet","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ouellet M (2000): Amphibian deformities: current state of knowledge. In: Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles. Sparling DW, Linder G, Bishop CA (eds). SETAC Press, Pensacola, pp. 617\u2013661"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-33.1.95","volume":"33","author":"M Ouellet","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ouellet M, Bonin J, Rodrigue J, DesGranges J-L, Lair S (1997): Hindlimb deformities (ectromelia, ectrodactyly) in free-living anurans from agricultural habitats. Journal of Wildlife Disease 33, 95\u2013104","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Disease"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952836902002984","volume":"259","author":"M Pahkala","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pahkala M, Merila J, Ots I, Laurila A (2003) Effects of ultraviolet B radiation on metamorphic traits in the common frogRana temporaria. Journal of Zoology 259, 57\u201362","journal-title":"Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)00315-0","volume":"879","author":"JD Petty","year":"2000","unstructured":"Petty JD, Orazio CE, Huckins JN, Gale RW, Lebo JA, Meadows JC, Echols KR, Cranor WL (2000): Considerations involved with the use of semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring environmental contaminants. Journal of Chromatography A 879, 83\u201395","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography A"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00499-3","volume":"41","author":"JD Petty","year":"2000","unstructured":"Petty JD, Jones SB, Huckins JN, Cranor WL, Parris JT, McTague TB, Boyle TP (2000): An approach for assessment of water quality using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as bioindicator tests. Chemosphere 41, 311\u2013321","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR38","volume-title":"SAS \/ STAT User\u2019s Guide, Release 6.03 Edition","author":"SAS Institute, Inc","year":"1998","unstructured":"SAS Institute, Inc (1998): SAS \/ STAT User\u2019s Guide, Release 6.03 Edition, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR39","unstructured":"Souder W (2000): A Plague of Frogs: the Horrifying True Story. Hyperion Press, New York. 320 pp"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2000.98596.x","volume":"14","author":"SM Starnes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Starnes SM, Kennedy CA, Petranka JW (2000) Sensitivity of embryos of southern Appalachian amphibians to ambient solar UV B radiation. Conservation Biology 14, 277\u2013282","journal-title":"Conservation Biology"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2000.99364.x","volume":"14","author":"GR Smith","year":"2000","unstructured":"Smith GR, Waters MA, Rettig JE (2000): Consequences of embryonic UV-B exposure for embryos and tadpoles of the plains leopard frog. Conservation Biology 14, 1903\u20131907","journal-title":"Conservation Biology"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1126\/science.182.4119.1305","volume":"182","author":"HM Wilbur","year":"1973","unstructured":"Wilbur HM, Collins JP (1973): Ecological aspects of amphibian metamorphosis. Science 182, 1305\u20131314","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF02979631_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620171223","volume":"17","author":"A Zaga","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zaga A, Little EE, Rabeni CF, Ellersieck MR (1998): Photoenhanced toxicity of a carbamate insecticide to early life stage anuran amphibians. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 17, 2543\u20132553","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02979631.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02979631\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02979631","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]],"date-time":"2019-05-21T21:34:05Z","timestamp":1558474445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF02979631"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["BF02979631"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02979631","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1344","1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1344","type":"print"},{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}}}