{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:19:32Z","timestamp":1791505172994,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]],"date-time":"2001-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":993945600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Endocrinol Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf03343881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]],"date-time":"2014-04-10T18:15:09Z","timestamp":1397153709000},"page":"491-498","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Functional hyperandrogenism detected by corticotropin and GnRH-analogue stimulation tests in women affected by apparently idiopathic hirsutism"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Tauchmanov\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Luciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Valentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Savastano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Battista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"BF03343881_CR1","first-page":"36","volume":"682","author":"R Valentino","year":"1997","unstructured":"Valentino R., Tommaselli A.P., Savastano S., Dorato M., Rossi R., Lombardi G. Different dysregulation in adrenal steroid biosynthesis as a prevalent cause of hyperandrogenism in women from Southern Italy. Fertil. Steril. 1997, 682: 36\u201341.","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1350604","volume":"135","author":"F Darendeliler","year":"1996","unstructured":"Darendeliler F., Bas F., Balaban S., Bundak R., Demirkol D., Saka N., Gunoz H. Spironolactone therapy in hypertrichosis. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 1996, 135: 604\u2013608.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(86)80026-3","volume":"15","author":"R Horton","year":"1986","unstructured":"Horton R., Lobo R. Peripheral androgens and the role of androstanediol glucuronide. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1986, 15: 293\u2013306.","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-21-11-1440","volume":"21","author":"D Ferriman","year":"1961","unstructured":"Ferriman D., Gallwey J.D. Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1961, 21: 1440.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"BF03343881_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80054-0","volume":"98","author":"RS Rittmaster","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rittmaster R.S. Clinical relevance of testosterone and dihydrotesto-sterone metabolism in women. Am. J. Med. 1995, 98 (Suppl.): 17S\u201321S.","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)49515-4","volume":"46","author":"RJ Paulson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Paulson R.J., Serafini P.C., Catalino J.A., Lobo R.A. Measurements of 3\u03b1, 17\u03b2-androstanediol glucuronide in serum and urine and the correlation with skin 5\u03b1-reductase activity. Fertil. Steril. 1986, 46: 222\u2013226.","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12259135","volume":"82","author":"SP Glickman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Glickman S.P., Rosenfield R.L. Androgen metabolism by isolated hairs from women with idiopathic hirsutism is usually normal. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1984, 82: 62\u201366.","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR8","first-page":"977","volume":"76","author":"RS Rittmaster","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rittmaster R.S., Zwicker H., Thompson D.L., Konok G., Norman R.W. Androstanediol glucuronide production in human liver, prostate and skin. Evidence for the importance of the liver 5\u03b1-reduced androgen metabolism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1993, 76: 977\u2013982.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR9","first-page":"1091","volume":"84","author":"A Vottero","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vottero A., Stratakis C.A., Ghizzoni L., Longui C.A., Karl M., Chrousos G.P. Androgen receptor-mediated hypersensitivity to androgens in women with nonhyperandrogenic hirsutism: skewing of X-chromosome inactivation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1999, 84: 1091\u20131095.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/120347549800300103","volume":"3","author":"ME Sawaya","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sawaya M.E., Shalita A.R. Androgen receptor polymorphisms (CAG repeat lengths) in androgenetic alopecia, hirsutism, and acne. J. Cutan. Med. Surg. 1998, 3: 9\u201315.","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(97)90077-9","volume":"46","author":"HF Escobar-Morreale","year":"1997","unstructured":"Escobar-Morreale H.F., Serrano-Gotarredona J., Garc\u00eca-Robles R., Sancho J., Varela C. Mild adrenal and ovarian steroidogenic abnormalities in hirsute women without hyperandrogenemia: does idiopathic hirsutism exist? Metabolism 1997, 46: 902\u2013907.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"BF03343881_CR12","first-page":"247","volume":"44","author":"CT Erel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Erel C.T., Senturk L.M., Oral E., Mutlu H., Colgar U., Seysoglu H., Ertungealp E. Results of the ACTH stimulation test in hirsute women. J. Reprod. Med. 1999, 44: 247\u2013252.","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198903023200904","volume":"320","author":"RB Barnes","year":"1989","unstructured":"Barnes R.B., Rosenfield R.L., Burnstein S., Ehrman D.A. Pituitary-ovarian response to Nafarelin testing in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 1989, 320: 559\u2013565.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199207163270304","volume":"327","author":"DA Ehrmann","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ehrmann D.A., Rosenfield R.L., Barnes R.B., Brigell D.F., Sheikh Z. Detection of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism in women with androgen excess. N. Engl. J. Med. 1992, 327: 157\u2013162.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1210\/er.16.3.322","volume":"16","author":"DA Ehrmann","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ehrmann D.A., Barnes R.B., Rosenfield R.L. Polycystic ovary syndrome as a form of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism due to dysregulation of androgen secretion. Endocr. Rev. 1995, 16: 322\u2013351.","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)53510-9","volume":"53","author":"RL Rosenfield","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rosenfield R.L., Barnes R.B., Cara J.F., Lucky A.W. Dysregulation of cytochrome P450c 17\u03b1 as the cause of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil. Steril. 1990, 53: 785\u2013791.","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-4-1096","volume":"70","author":"RS Rittmaster","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rittmaster R.S., Thompson D.L. Effects of leuprolide and dexamethasone on hair growth and hormone levels in hirsute women: the relative importance of the ovary and the adrenal in the pathogenesis of hirsutism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1990, 70: 1096\u20131102.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)90291-7","volume":"1","author":"EL Billings","year":"1972","unstructured":"Billings E.L., Brown J.B., Billings J.J., Burger H.G. Symptoms and hormonal changes accompanying ovulation. Lancet 1972, 1: 282\u2013284.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BF03343881_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92552-8","volume":"ii","author":"J Adams","year":"1985","unstructured":"Adams J., Franks S., Polson D.W., Mason H.D., Abdulwahid N., Tucker M., Morris D.V., Price J., Jacobs H.S. Multifollicular ovaries: Clinical and endocrine features and response to pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone. Lancet 1985, ii: 1375\u20131379.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BF03343881_CR20","first-page":"1741","volume-title":"Endocrinology","author":"L Nieman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nieman L., Cutler G.B. Jr. Cushing\u2019s syndrome. In: DeGroot L.J., Besser M., Burger H.G., Loriaux D.L., Marshall J.C., Odell W.D., Potts J.T. Jr., Rubenstein A.H. (Eds.), Endocrinology. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1995, p. 1741."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-57-2-320","volume":"57","author":"MI New","year":"1983","unstructured":"New M.I., Lorenzen F., Lener A.J., Kohn B., Oberfield S.E., Pollack M.S., Dupont B., Stoner E., Levy D.J., Pang S., Levine L.S. Genotyping steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Hormonal reference data. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1983, 57: 320\u2013325.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199009273231302","volume":"323","author":"T Eldar Geva","year":"1990","unstructured":"Eldar Geva T., Hurwitz A., Vecsei P., Palti Z., Mildwidsky A., Rosler A. Secondary biosynthetic defects in women with late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990, 323: 855\u2013863.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.7.2.204","volume":"7","author":"G Simone De","year":"1985","unstructured":"De Simone G., Tommaselli A.P., Rossi R., Valentino R., Lauria R., Scopacasa F., Lombardi G. Partial deficiency of adrenal 11 \u03b2-hydroxylase. A possible cause of primary hypertension. Hypertension 1985, 7: 204\u2013210.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"BF03343881_CR24","first-page":"3961","volume":"81","author":"H Sakkal-Alkaddour","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sakkal-Alkaddour H., Zhang L, Yang X., Chang Y.T., Kappy M., Slover R.S., Jorgensen V., Pang S. Studies of 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase genes in infants and children manifesting premature pubarche and increased adrenocorticotropin-stimulated \u0394A5-steroid levels. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1996, 81: 3961\u20133965.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91612-1","volume":"i","author":"DW Polson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Polson D.W., Adams J., Wadsworth J., Franks S. Polycystic ovaries \u2014 A common finding in normal women. Lancet 1988, i: 870\u2013872.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BF03343881_CR26","first-page":"1005","volume":"75","author":"S Werner","year":"1992","unstructured":"Werner S., Thor\u00e8n M., Gustafsson J.A., Br\u00f6nneg\u00e5rd M. Glucocorticoid receptor abnormalities in fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic resistance to dexamethasone diagnosed when evaluated for adrenocortical disorders. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1992, 75: 1005\u20131009.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR27","first-page":"400","volume":"80","author":"R Azziz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Azziz R., Bradley E.L., Potter H.D., Boots L. Adrenal androgen excess in women: Lack of a role for 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase dysregulation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1995, 80: 400\u2013405.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BF03343881_CR28","first-page":"450","volume":"76","author":"RL Barnes","year":"1993","unstructured":"Barnes R.L., Ehrmann D.A., Brigell D.F., Rosenfield R.L. Ovarian steroidogenic responses to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist nafarelin in hirsute women thought to have 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1993, 76: 450\u2013455.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."}],"container-title":["Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF03343881.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF03343881\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF03343881","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T11:45:54Z","timestamp":1565351154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF03343881"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]}},"alternative-id":["BF03343881"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf03343881","relation":{},"ISSN":["0391-4097","1720-8386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0391-4097","type":"print"},{"value":"1720-8386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]}}}