{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:40:19Z","timestamp":1790613619140,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,1]],"date-time":"1995-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":801964800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Endocrinol Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf03349739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]],"date-time":"2014-04-10T19:18:11Z","timestamp":1397157491000},"page":"420-426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The effect of non-steroidal antiandrogen flutamide on luteinizing hormone pulsatile secretion in male-to-female transsexual subjects"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"Giusti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. R.","family":"Falivene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Carraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. M.","family":"Cuttica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Valenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"BF03349739_CR1","first-page":"249","volume":"9","author":"J Money","year":"1970","unstructured":"Money J., Gaskin R. Sex reassignment. Int. J. Psychiatry. 9: 249, 1970.","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(90)90041-7","volume":"15","author":"L Gooren","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gooren L. The endocrinology of transsexualism: a review and commentary. Psychoneuroendocrinology 15: 3, 1990.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"BF03349739_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541882","volume":"4","author":"G D\u00f6rner","year":"1975","unstructured":"D\u00f6rner G., Rhode W., Sthal F., Krell L, Masius W. A neuroendocrine predisposition for homosexuality in men. Arch. Sex. Behav. 4: 1, 1975.","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541659","volume":"14","author":"RE Goodman","year":"1985","unstructured":"Goodman R.E., Anderson D.C., Bulock D.E., Sheffield B., Lynch S.S., Butt W.R. Study of the effect of estrad ol on gonadotropin levels in untreated male-to-female transsexuals. Arch. Sex. Behav. 14: 141, 1985.","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR5","first-page":"598","volume":"63","author":"L Gooren","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gooren L. The neuroendocrine response of luteinizing hormone to estrogen administration n the human is not sex specific but dependent or the hormonal environment. J. Clin Endocrinol. Metab. 63: 598, 1986.","journal-title":"J. Clin Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR6","first-page":"1349","volume-title":"The physiology of reproduction","author":"G Fink","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fink G. Gonadotropin secretion and its control. In: Knobil E., Neill J. (Eds.), The physiology of reproduction. Raven Press, New York, 1988, p. 1349."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346958","volume":"9","author":"DD Rasmussen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rasmussen D.D. New concepts in the regulation of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 9: 427, 1986.","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541981","volume":"11","author":"RM Boyar","year":"1983","unstructured":"Boyar R.M., Aiman J. The 24-hour secretory pattern of LH and the response to LHRH in transsexual men. Arch. Sex. Behav. 11: 157, 1983.","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-4-763","volume":"64","author":"L Gooren","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gooren L., Spinder T., Spijkstra J.J., Van Kessel H., Smals A., Rao B.R., Hoogslag M. Sex steroid and pulsatile luteinizing hormone release in men. Studies in estrogen-treated agonadal subjects and eugonadal subjects treated with a novel nonsteroidal antiandrogen. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 64: 763, 1987.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(88)90026-1","volume":"13","author":"JJ Spijkstra","year":"1988","unstructured":"Spijkstra J.J., Spinder T., Gooren L.J.G. Short-term patterns of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion do not differ between male-to-female transsexuals and heterosexual men. Psychoneuroendocrinology 13: 279, 1988.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"BF03349739_CR11","first-page":"421","volume":"24","author":"RA Quercia","year":"1989","unstructured":"Quercia R.A. Focus on flutamide: a nonsteroidal antiandrogenic chemotherapeutic agent. Hosp. Formul. 24: 421 1989.","journal-title":"Hosp. Formul."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR12","first-page":"1227","volume":"74","author":"JD Veldhuis","year":"1992","unstructured":"Veldhuis J.D., Urban R.J., Dufau M.L. Evidence that androgen negative feed-back regulates hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone impulse strength and the burst-like secretion of biologically active luteinizing hormone in man. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 74: 1227, 1992.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)59886-0","volume":"49","author":"M Giusti","year":"1988","unstructured":"Giusti M., Torre R., Traverso L., Cavagnaro P., Attanasio R., Giordano G. Endogenous opioid blockade and gonadotropin secretion: role of pulsatile LH releasing hormone administration in anorexia nervosa and weight loss amenorrhea. Fertil. Steril. 49: 797, 1988.","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107454","volume":"52","author":"RJ Santen","year":"1973","unstructured":"Santen R.J., Bardin C.V. Episodic luteinizing hormone secretion in man. Pulse analysis, clinical interpretation, physiological mechanisms. J. Clin. Invest. 52: 2617, 1973.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-62-5-881","volume":"62","author":"JD Veldhuis","year":"1986","unstructured":"Veldhuis J.D., Evans W.S., Johnson M.L, Willis M.R., Rogol A.D. Physiological properties of the luteinizing hormone pulse signal: impact of intensive and extended venous sampling paradigms on its characterization in healthy men and women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 62: 881,1986.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR16","first-page":"388","volume-title":"Handbook of sexuology: The pharmacology and endocrinology of sexual function","author":"BA Glaude","year":"1988","unstructured":"Glaude B.A. Hormones in relationship to homosexual\/ bisexual\/ heterosexual gender orientation. In: Sitsen JMA (Ed.), Handbook of sexuology: The pharmacology and endocrinology of sexual function. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1988, vol. 6, p. 388."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)64449-0","volume":"61","author":"LJG Gooren","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gooren L.J.G. Sexual dimorphism and transsexuality: clinical observations. Progr. Brain. Res. 61: 399, 1984.","journal-title":"Progr. Brain. Res."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1012373","volume":"18","author":"L Bergeijk Van","year":"1986","unstructured":"Van Bergeijk L., Gooren L.J.G., Van Kassel H., Sassen A.M. Effects of continuous LHRH infusion on plasma levels of LH and FSH in males, before and after oestrogen or anti-oestrogen treatment. Horm. Metab. Res. 18: 558, 1986.","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541882","volume":"4","author":"G D\u00f6rner","year":"1975","unstructured":"D\u00f6rner G., Rhode W., Sthal F., Krell L., Masius W. A neuroendocrine predisposition for homosexuality in men. Arch. Sex. Behav. 4: 1, 1975.","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1991.tb03522.x","volume":"35","author":"A Tsatsoulis","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tsatsoulis A., Shalet S.H., Robertson W.R. Bioactive gonadotrophin secretion in man. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) 35: 193, 1991.","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf)"},{"key":"BF03349739_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-1-35","volume":"73","author":"JL Cameron","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cameron J.L., Weltzin T.E., Mc Conaha C., Helmreich D.L., Kaye W.H. Slowing of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in men after forty-eight hours of fasting. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 73: 35, 1991.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR22","first-page":"1215","volume":"5","author":"GB Kletter","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kletter G.B., Foster C.M., Beitins I.Z., Marshall J.C., Kelch R.P. Acute effect of testosterone infusion and naloxone on luteinizing hormone secretion in normal men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 5: 1215, 1992.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1988.tb00259.x","volume":"29","author":"JJ Spijkstra","year":"1988","unstructured":"Spijkstra J.J., Spinder T., Gooren L.J., Van Kessel H. Effect of opiate receptor blockade on gonadotrophin secretion before and after administration of the oestrogen receptor blocker tamoxifen in eugonadal men. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) 29: 179, 1988.","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf)"},{"key":"BF03349739_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1989.tb01286.x","volume":"31","author":"EM McColl","year":"1986","unstructured":"McColl E.M., Wheeler G.D., Gomes P., Bhambhani Y., Cumming D.C. The effects of acute exercise on pulsatile LH release in high-mileage male runners. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) 31: 617, 1986.","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf)"},{"key":"BF03349739_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1987.tb01178.x","volume":"27","author":"S Balzano","year":"1987","unstructured":"Balzano S., Migliori L., Sica V., Scarpa R.M., Pintus C., Loviselli A., Usai E., Balestrieri A. The effect of androgen blockade on pulsatile gonadotrophin release and LH response to naloxone. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) 27: 491, 1987.","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf)"},{"key":"BF03349739_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.1260404","volume":"126","author":"G Semple","year":"1992","unstructured":"Semple G., Mitchell R., Hollis S., Robertson W.L. An investigation of LH pulsatility in burned men by radioimmunoassay. Acta Endocrinol. (Copenh.) 126: 404, 1992.","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol. (Copenh.)"},{"key":"BF03349739_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-68-3-523","volume":"68","author":"A Barbarino","year":"1989","unstructured":"Barbarino A., De Marinis L., Tofani A., Della Casa S., D\u2019Amico C., Mancini A., Corsello S.M., Sciutto R., Borini A. Corticotropin-releasing hormone inhibition of gonadotropin release and the effect of opioid blockade. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 68 523, 1989.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(78)90723-0","volume":"148","author":"RA Gorski","year":"1978","unstructured":"Gorski R.A., Gordon J.H., Shryne J.E., Southam A.M. Evidence for a morphological sex difference within the medical preoptic area of the rat brain. Brain. Res. 148: 333, 1978.","journal-title":"Brain. Res."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)91350-2","volume":"342","author":"DF Swaab","year":"1985","unstructured":"Swaab D.F., Fliers E., Partiman T.S The suprachiasmatic nucleous of the human brain in relation to sex, age and senile dementia. Brain. Res. 342: 37, 1985.","journal-title":"Brain. Res."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903020402","volume":"302","author":"LS Allen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Allen L.S., Gorski R.A. Sex difference in the bed nucleous of the stria terminalis of the human brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 302: 697, 1990.","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR31","first-page":"185","volume-title":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","author":"RY Moore","year":"1978","unstructured":"Moore R.Y. Central neural control of circadian rhythm. In: Ganong W.F., Martini L. (Eds.), Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. Raven Press, New York, 1978, vol. 5, p. 185."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1979.59.3.449","volume":"59","author":"B Rusak","year":"1979","unstructured":"Rusak B., Zucker I. Neural regulation of circadian rhythms. Physiol. Rev. 59: 449, 1979.","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)60216-2","volume-title":"Neuropeptides and Brain Function","author":"DF Swaab","year":"1987","unstructured":"Swaab D.F., Roozeendal B., Ravid R., Velis D.N., Gooren L., Williams R.S. Suprachiasmatic nucleus in ageing, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, transsexuality and Prader-Willi syndrome. In: De Kloet E.R., Wiegant V.M., De Wied (Eds.), Neuropeptides and Brain Function. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1987, vol. 72, p. 301."},{"issue":"Suppl.2","key":"BF03349739_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1159\/000182597","volume":"38","author":"DF Swaab","year":"1992","unstructured":"Swaab D.F., Gooren L.J.G., Hofman M.A. Gender and sexual orientation in relation to hypothalamic structures. Horm. Res. 38(Suppl. 2): 51, 1992.","journal-title":"Horm. Res."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(92)90145-3","volume":"39","author":"AN Elias","year":"1992","unstructured":"Elias A.N., Valenta I.J. Are all males equal? Anatomic and functional basis for sexual orientation in males. Med. Hypotheses 39: 85, 1992.","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"BF03349739_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-59-5-963","volume":"59","author":"UA Knuth","year":"1984","unstructured":"Knuth U.A., Hano R., Nieschlag E. Effect of flutamide or cyprotrone acetate on pituitary and testicular hormones in normal men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 59: 963, 1984.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BF03349739_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-67-6-1149","volume":"67","author":"R Urban","year":"1988","unstructured":"Urban R., Davis M., Rogol A., Johnson M., Velddhuis J.D. Acute androgen receptor blockade increases luteinizing hormone secretory activity in men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 67: 1149, 1988.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."}],"container-title":["Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF03349739.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF03349739\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF03349739","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T11:48:31Z","timestamp":1565351311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF03349739"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,6]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,6]]}},"alternative-id":["BF03349739"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf03349739","relation":{},"ISSN":["0391-4097","1720-8386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0391-4097","type":"print"},{"value":"1720-8386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,6]]}}}