{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T04:51:37Z","timestamp":1792299097936,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,1]],"date-time":"1997-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":865123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study determines the indications for and the optimal timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy\n(LC) following the onset of acute cholecystitis. It also evaluates\npreoperative and operative factors associated with conversion from\nlaparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy in the presence of\nacute cholecystitis. Having been established as the procedure of choice\nfor elective cholelithiasis, LC is now also used for management of\nacute cholecystitis. Under these circumstances the procedure may be\ndifficult and challenging. Certain favorable and unfavorable conditions\nmay be present that influence the conversion and complication rates. Information about these conditions may be helpful for elucidating the\noptimal circumstances for LC or when the procedure is best avoided. We\nperformed LC on an emergency basis as soon as the diagnosis was made on\nall patients presenting with acute cholecystitis from January 1994 to\nDecember 1995. All preoperative, operative, and postoperative data were\ncollected on standardized forms. Of the 137 patients registered, 130 were eligible for the audit. Seven patients found by laparoscopic\nintraoperative cholangiography to have choledocholithiasis were\nconverted for common bile duct exploration and were excluded from the\nstudy. Altogether 93 patients (72%) underwent successful LC and 37\n(28%) needed conversion to open cholecystectomy. The conversion rate\nof acute gangrenous cholecystitis (49%) was significantly higher than\nthat for uncomplicated acute cholecystitis (4.5%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.00001) and for hydrops (28.5%) and empyema of the gallbladder (28.5%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.004). The difference in conversion\nbetween the group with acute necrotizing (gangrenous) cholecystitis and\nthe two groups with hydrops and empyema of the gallbladder was not\nstatistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.07). The complication\nrates of acute cholecystitis, hydrops, empyema of the gallbladder, and\ngangrenous cholecystitis were 9.0%, 9.5%, 14.0%, and 20.0%, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= NS). Patients with an operative\ndelay of 96 hours or less from the onset of acute cholecystitis had a\nconversion rate of 23%, whereas a delay of more than 96 hours was\nassociated with a conversion rate of 47% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.022). The complication rate was 8.5% in the laparoscopic group and 27% in\nthe converted group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.013). Patients over 65 years of age, with a history of biliary disease, a nonpalpable\ngallbladder, WBC count over 13,000\/cc, and acute gangrenous\ncholecystitis were independently associated with a high LC conversion\nrate; male patients, finding large bile stones, serum bilirubin over\n0.8\u00a0mg\/dl, and WBC count over 13,000\/cc were independently associated\nwith a high complication rate following laparoscopic surgery with or\nwithout conversion. Generally, LC can be performed safely for acute\ncholecystitis, with acceptably low conversion and complication rates. Different forms of cholecystitis carry various conversion and\ncomplication rates in selected cases. LC for acute cholecystitis should\nbe performed within 96 hours of the onset of disease. Predictors of\nconversion and complications may be helpful when planning the\nlaparoscopic approach to acute cholecystitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00012283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,17]],"date-time":"2006-02-17T17:43:08Z","timestamp":1140198188000},"page":"540-545","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis: Prospective Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Eldar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Bnai Zion Medical Center 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940 Haifa 31048 Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology P.O. Box9649, Bat\u2010Galim Haifa 31096 Israel<!--<country1>IL<\/country1>-->"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmond","family":"Sabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Bnai Zion Medical Center 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940 Haifa 31048 Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology P.O. Box9649, Bat\u2010Galim Haifa 31096 Israel<!--<country1>IL<\/country1>-->"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Bnai Zion Medical Center 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940 Haifa 31048 Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology P.O. Box9649, Bat\u2010Galim Haifa 31096 Israel<!--<country1>IL<\/country1>-->"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Abrahamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Bnai Zion Medical Center 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940 Haifa 31048 Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology P.O. Box9649, Bat\u2010Galim Haifa 31096 Israel<!--<country1>IL<\/country1>-->"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Matter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Bnai Zion Medical Center 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940 Haifa 31048 Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology P.O. Box9649, Bat\u2010Galim Haifa 31096 Israel<!--<country1>IL<\/country1>-->"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]},"container-title":["World Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/PL00012283.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/PL00012283\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/PL00012283","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T16:01:33Z","timestamp":1704988893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/PL00012283"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/PL00012283"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/pl00012283","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2313","1432-2323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2313","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2323","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]}}}