{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T12:46:27Z","timestamp":1791031587344,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,4]],"date-time":"2009-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,4]],"date-time":"2009-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-009-0035-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,3]],"date-time":"2009-07-03T16:01:19Z","timestamp":1246636879000},"page":"279-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Pathogenicity of the family Legionellaceae"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Palusi\u0144ska-Szysz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Cendrowska-Pinkosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"35_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-51-3-1151","volume":"51","author":"AA Adeleke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Adeleke AA, Fields BS, Benson RF et\u00a0al (2001) Legionella drozanski sp. nov., Legionella rowbothamii sp. nov. and Legionella fallonii sp. nov: tree unusual new Legionella species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51: 1151\u20131160","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"35_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0203.960311","volume":"2","author":"AA Adeleke","year":"1996","unstructured":"Adeleke AA, Pruckler JM, Benson RF et\u00a0al (1996) Legionella-like amebal pathogens \u2013 phylogenetic status and possible role in respiratory disease. Emerg Infect Dis 2: 225\u2013230","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmn010","volume":"54","author":"B Akyildiz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Akyildiz B, G\u00fcm\u00fcs H, Kumandas S et\u00a0al (2008) Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with Legionella infection. J Trop Pediatr 54: 275\u2013277","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"35_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-003-0382-4","volume":"24","author":"S Andereya","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andereya S, Schneider U, Siebert C et\u00a0al (2004) Reactive knee and ankle joint arthritis: abnormal manifestation of Legionella pneumophila. Rheumatol Int 24: 182\u2013184","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"35_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S232","DOI":"10.1086\/591409","volume":"47","author":"JG Bartlett","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bartlett JG (2008) Is activity against \u201catypical\u201d pathogens necessary in the treatment protocols for community-acquired pneumonia? Issues with combination therapy. Clin Infect Dis 47(suppl 3): S232\u2013S236","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR6","volume-title":"Legionella and the prevention of legionellosis","author":"J Bartram","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bartram J, Chartier Y, Lee JV et\u00a0al (2007) Legionella and the prevention of legionellosis. WHO Press World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"key":"35_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1086\/338060","volume":"185","author":"AL Benin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Benin AL, Benson RF, Arnold KL et\u00a0al (2002) An outbreak of travel-associated Legionnaires\u2019 disease and Pontiac fever: the need for enhanced surveillance of travel-associated legionellosis in the United States. J Infect Dis 185: 237\u2013243","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0392-3","volume":"27","author":"J Borchardt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Borchardt J, Helbig JH, L\u00fcck PC (2008) Occurrence and distribution of sequence types among Legionella pneumophila strains isolated from patients in Germany: common features and differences to other regions of the world. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 27: 29\u201336","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80327-0","volume":"115","author":"MT Brady","year":"1989","unstructured":"Brady MT (1989) Nosocomial legionnaires\u2019 disease in children\u2019s hospital. J Pediatr 115: 46\u201350","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"35_CR10","first-page":"84","volume":"13","author":"RF Breiman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Breiman RF, Butler JC (1998) Legionnaires\u2019 disease: Clinical, epidemiological, and public health perspectives. Semin Respir Infect 13: 84\u201389","journal-title":"Semin Respir Infect"},{"key":"35_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT et\u00a0al (2005) Legionellales. In: Bergey\u2019s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria), Springer, New York, p 210","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-29298-5"},{"key":"35_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1086\/510387","volume":"44","author":"LJ Burnsed","year":"2007","unstructured":"Burnsed LJ, Hicks LA, Smithee LM et\u00a0al (2007) A large travel-associated outbreak of legionellosis among hotel guests: utility of the urine antigen assay in confirming Pontiac fever. Clin Infect Dis 44: 222\u2013228","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200003000-00011","volume":"19","author":"M Campins","year":"2000","unstructured":"Campins M, Ferrer A, Callis L et\u00a0al (2000) Nosocomial Legionnaire\u2019s disease in a children\u2019s hospital. Pediatr Infect Dis J 19: 228\u2013234","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"35_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s150100050031","volume":"27","author":"C Casaulta Aebischer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Casaulta Aebischer C, Matter L, Gaia V et\u00a0al (1999) Diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction of pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila in an immunocompetent child. Infection 27: 280\u2013282","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"35_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1086\/428776","volume":"191","author":"ML Castor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Castor ML, Wagstrom EA, Danila RN et\u00a0al (2005) An outbreak of Pontiac fever with respiratory distress among workers performing high-pressure cleaning at a sugar-beet processing plant. J Infect Dis 191: 1530\u20131537","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR16","first-page":"133","volume":"4","author":"RE Chaisson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chaisson RE (1998) Bacterial pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Semin Respir Infect 4: 133\u2013138","journal-title":"Semin Respir Infect"},{"key":"35_CR17","first-page":"132","volume":"13","author":"JW Chown","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chown JW, Yu VL (1998) Legionella: a major opportunistic pathogen in transplant recipients. Semin Respir Infect 13: 132\u2013139","journal-title":"Semin Respir Infect"},{"key":"35_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-006-9057-4","volume":"20","author":"NP Cianciotto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cianciotto NP (2007) Iron acquisition by Legionella pneumophila. Biometals 20: 323\u2013331","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"35_CR19","first-page":"158","volume-title":"Infectious diseases in medicine and surgery","author":"BA Cunha","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cunha BA (2005a) Diagnostic significance of non-specific laboratory tests in infectious diseases. In: Gorbach SL, Bartlett JB, Blacklow NR (eds) Infectious diseases in medicine and surgery, 3rd edn. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, pp 158\u2013165","edition":"3"},{"key":"35_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01280.x","volume":"11","author":"BA Cunha","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cunha BA (2005b) Elevated serum transaminases in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect 11: 1051\u20131054","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"35_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01393.x","volume":"12","author":"BA Cunha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cunha BA (2006a) The atypical pneumonias: clinical diagnosis and importance. Clin Microbiol Infect 12: 12\u201324","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"35_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.11.026","volume":"119","author":"BA Cunha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cunha BA (2006b) Hypophosphatemia: diagnostic significance in Legionnaires\u2019 disease. Am J Med 119: e5\u2013e6","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"35_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e3282f79678","volume":"14","author":"BA Cunha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cunha BA (2008a) Atypical pneumonias: current clinical concepts focusing on Legionnaires\u2019 disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 14: 183\u2013194","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"35_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2007.12.003","volume":"37","author":"BA Cunha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cunha BA (2008b) Severe Legionella pneumonia: rapid presumptive clinical diagnosis with Winthrop-University Hospital\u2019s weighted point score system (modified). Heart Lung 37: 311\u2013320","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"35_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1086\/588053","volume":"46","author":"BA Cunha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cunha BA (2008c) Highly elevated serum ferritin levels as a diagnostic marker for Legionella pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 46: 1789\u20131791","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4977","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.4977","volume":"28","author":"JL Del Pozo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Del Pozo JL (2008) Update and actual trends on bacterial infections following liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 28: 4977\u20134983","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"35_CR27","first-page":"871","volume":"23","author":"JW Den Boer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Den Boer JW, Yzerman EP (2004) Diagnosis of Legionella infection in Legionnaires\u2019 disease. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 23: 871\u2013878","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0801.010176","volume":"8","author":"JW Den Boer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Den Boer JW, Yzerman EP, Schellekens J et\u00a0al (2002) A large outbreak of Legionnaires\u2019 disease at a Dutch flower show. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 37\u201343","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1988.tb01501.x","volume":"65","author":"PJ Dennis","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dennis PJ, Lee JV (1988) Differences in aerosol survival between pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. J Appl Bacteriol 65: 135\u2013141","journal-title":"J Appl Bacteriol"},{"key":"35_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.07.003","volume":"54","author":"F Di Stefano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Di Stefano F, Verna N, Di Gioacchino M (2007) Cavitary Legionella pneumonia in a patient with immunodeficiency due to Hyper-IgE syndrome. J Infect 54: e121\u2013e123","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"35_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2008.02.008","volume":"56","author":"BM Diederen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Diederen BM (2008) Legionella spp. and Legionnaires\u2019 disease. J Infect 56: 1\u201312","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"35_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.3.496","volume":"157","author":"E Dournon","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dournon E, Bibb WF, Rjagopalan P et\u00a0al (1988) Monoclonal antibody reactivity as a virulence marker for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 strains. J Infect Dis 157: 496\u2013501","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1086\/318525","volume":"183","author":"SD Drenning","year":"2001","unstructured":"Drenning SD, Stout JE, Joly JR et\u00a0al (2001) Unexpected similarity of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of unrelated clinical isolates of Legionella pneumophila, serogroup 1. J Infect Dis 183: 628\u2013632","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"35_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/45.suppl_3.41","volume":"45","author":"J Dubois","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dubois J, St-Pierre C (2000) Comparative in vitro activity and post-antibiotic effect of gemifloxacin against Legionella spp. J Antimicrob Chemother 45(suppl): 41\u201346","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"35_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1086\/510394","volume":"44","author":"PH Edelstein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Edelstein PH (2007) Urine antigen tests positive for Pontiac fever: implications for diagnosis and pathogenesis. Clin Infect Dis 44: 229\u2013231","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(96)02648-6","volume":"72","author":"VH Eisenberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Eisenberg VH, Eidelman LA, Arbel R et\u00a0al (1997) Legionnaires\u2019 disease during pregnancy: a case presentation and review of the literature. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 72: 15\u201318","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"35_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548709018486","volume":"19","author":"R Eitrem","year":"1987","unstructured":"Eitrem R, Forsgren A, Nilsson C (1987) Pneumonia and acute pancreatitis most probably caused by a Legionella longbeachae infection. Scand J Infect Dis 19: 381\u2013382","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198601000-00053","volume":"5","author":"AL Esposito","year":"1986","unstructured":"Esposito AL, Gantz MN (1986) Legionnaires\u2019 disease: the distance travelled since Philadelphia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 5: 163\u2013166","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"35_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000160949.99560.8d","volume":"24","author":"S Esposito","year":"2005","unstructured":"Esposito S, Bosis S, Faelli N et\u00a0al (2005) Role of atypical bacteria and azithromycin therapy for children with recurrent respiratory tract infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 24: 438\u2013444","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"35_CR40","unstructured":"Euzeby JP (2008) List of bacterial names with standing in nomenclature: http:\/\/www.bacterio.cict.fr\/"},{"key":"35_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.15.1866","volume":"161","author":"M Falguera","year":"2001","unstructured":"Falguera M, Sacristan O, Nogues A et\u00a0al (2001) Nonsevere community-acquired pneumonia. Correlation between cause and severity or comorbidity. Arch Intern Med 161: 1866\u20131872","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"35_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.6.899","volume":"99","author":"RF Famiglietti","year":"1997","unstructured":"Famiglietti RF, Bakerman PR, Saubolle MA et\u00a0al (1997) Legionellosis in two immunocompetent infants. Pediatrics 99: 899\u2013903","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"35_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198903000-00005","volume":"68","author":"GD Fang","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fang GD, Yu VL, Vickers RM (1989) Disease due to the Legionellaceae (other than Legionella pneumophila): Historical, microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological review. Medicine 68: 116\u2013132","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"35_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1109.050345","volume":"11","author":"B Faris","year":"2005","unstructured":"Faris B, Faris C, Schousboe M et\u00a0al (2005) Legionellosis from Legionella pneumophila serogroup 13. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 1405\u20131409","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.3.506-526.2002","volume":"15","author":"BS Fields","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fields BS, Benson RF, Besser RE (2002) Legionella and Legionnaires\u2019 disease: 25\u00a0years of investigation. Clin Microbiol Rev 15: 506\u2013526","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"suppl E","key":"35_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/31.suppl_E.171","volume":"31","author":"RB Fitzgeorge","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fitzgeorge RB, Lever S, Baskerville A (1993) A comparison of the efficacy of azithromycin and clarithromycin in oral therapy of experimental airborne legionnaires\u2019 disease. J Antimicrob Chemother 31(suppl E): 171\u2013176","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"35_CR47","first-page":"69","volume":"12","author":"L Franzin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Franzin L, Cabodi D, Scolfaro C et\u00a0al (2004) Microbiological investigations on a nosocomial case of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia associated with water birth and review of neonatal cases. Infez Med 12: 69\u201375","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"35_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1086\/323023","volume":"33","author":"L Franzin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Franzin L, Scolfaro C, Cabodi D et\u00a0al (2001) Legionella pneumophila pneumonia in a newborn after water birth: a new mode of transmission. Clin Infect Dis 33: 103\u2013104","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197712012972201","volume":"297","author":"DW Fraser","year":"1977","unstructured":"Fraser DW, Tsai TR, Orenstein W et\u00a0al (1977) Legionnaires\u2019 disease \u2013 description of an epidemic of pneumonia. N Engl J Med 297: 1189\u20131197","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"35_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0790-5","volume":"21","author":"NK Fry","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fry NK, Bangsborg JM, Bergmans A et\u00a0al (2002) Designation of the European Working Group on Legionella Infections (EWGLI) amplified fragment length polymorphism types of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and results of intercentre proficiency testing using a standard protocol. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 21: 722\u2013728","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04435.x","volume":"83","author":"NK Fry","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fry NK, Rowbotham TJ, Saunders NA et\u00a0al (1991) Direct amplification and sequencing of the 16S ribosomal DNA of an intracellular Legionella species recovered by amebal enrichment from the sputum of a patient with pneumonia. FEMS Microbiol Lett 83: 165\u2013168","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"35_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-008-0594-3","volume":"14","author":"M Furugen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Furugen M, Koide M, Baba M et\u00a0al (2008) Legionella pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 2: second case report in Japan. J Infect Chemother 14: 161\u2013165","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"35_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.08.033","volume":"52","author":"N Gaillac","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gaillac N, Floccard B, Ould T et\u00a0al (2006) Legionella pneumophila pneumonia during pregnancy: a case report. J Infect 52: e163\u2013e164","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"35_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.4.6.995","volume":"4","author":"C Garcia-Vidal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garcia-Vidal C, Carratala J (2006) Current clinical management of Legionnaires\u2019 disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 4: 995\u20131004","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"35_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1086\/428049","volume":"40","author":"RM Garrido","year":"2005","unstructured":"Garrido RM, Parra FJ, Frances LA et\u00a0al (2005) Antimicrobial chemotherapy for Legionnaires\u2019 disease: levofloxacin versus macrolides. Clin Infect Dis 40: 800\u2013806","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31812565aa","volume":"26","author":"IA Gonzalez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gonzalez IA, Martin JM (2007) Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 pneumonia recurrence postbone marrow transplantation. Pediatr Infect Dis J 26: 961\u2013963","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"35_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.02020130","volume":"2","author":"A Granados","year":"1989","unstructured":"Granados A, Podzamczer D, Gudiol F et\u00a0al (1989) Pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila and pneumococcal pneumonia: similarities and differences on presentation. Eur Respir J 2: 130\u2013134","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"35_CR58","unstructured":"Greenberg D (2005) Legionnaires\u2019 disease in children: is it an emerging or an under-diagnosed disease? ASM 45th General Meeting, Washington D.C., Poster G-820"},{"key":"35_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70553-9","volume":"6","author":"D Greenberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Greenberg D, Chiou CC, Famigilleti R et\u00a0al (2006) Problem pathogens: paediatric legionellosis-implications for improved diagnosis. Lancet Infect Dis 6: 529\u2013535","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2007.09.005","volume":"60","author":"A Guillouzouic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guillouzouic A, Bemer P, Gay-Andrieu F et\u00a0al (2008) Fatal coinfection with Legionella serogroup 8 and Aspergillus fumigatus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 60: 193\u2013195","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.4.1064","volume":"120","author":"SK Gupta","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gupta SK, Imperiale TF, Sarosi GA (2001) Evaluation of the Winthrop-University Hospital. Criteria to identify Legionella pneumonia. Chest 120: 1064\u2013171","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"35_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-005-1346-2","volume":"24","author":"F Gutierrez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gutierrez F, Masia M, Rodriguez JC et\u00a0al (2005) Community-acquired pneumonia of mixed etiology, prevalence and outcome. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 24: 377\u2013383","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.3.712","volume":"21","author":"F Gutierrez Rodero","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gutierrez Rodero F, Ortizdela Tabla V, Martinez C et\u00a0al (1995) Legionnaires\u2019 disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 21: 712\u2013713","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2006.00174.x","volume":"9","author":"S Guyot","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guyot S, Goy JJ, Gersbach P et\u00a0al (2007) Legionella pneumophila aortitis in a heart transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 9: 58\u201359","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0592-5","volume":"28","author":"J Haeuptle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Haeuptle J, Zaborsky R, Fiumefreddo R et\u00a0al (2009) Prognostic value of procalcitonin in Legionella pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 28: 55\u201360","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590600795248","volume":"40","author":"E Haluk","year":"2006","unstructured":"Haluk E, Aynur Y, Oznur K et\u00a0al (2006) Rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure associated with legionnaires\u2019 disease. Scan J Urol Nephrol 40: 345\u2013346","journal-title":"Scan J Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"35_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01558.x","volume":"13","author":"TG Harrison","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harrison TG, Doshi N, Fry NK et\u00a0al (2007) Comparison of clinical and environmental isolates of Legionella pneumophila obtained in the UK over 19\u00a0years. Clin Microbiol Infect 13: 78\u201385","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"35_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrison TG, Fry NK, Afshar B et\u00a0al (2006) Typing of Legionella pneumophila and its role in elucidating the epidemiology of Legionnaires\u2019 disease. In: Cianciotto NP, Kwaik Y, Edelstein PS et\u00a0al (eds) Legionella: state of the art 30\u00a0years after its recognition. Washington, D. C.: American Society for Microbiology, 94\u201399","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555815660.ch25"},{"key":"35_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0820-3","volume":"21","author":"JH Helbig","year":"2002","unstructured":"Helbig JH, Bernander S, Castellanii Pastoris M et\u00a0al (2002) Pan-European study on culture-proven Legionnaires\u2019 disease: distribution of Legionella pneumophila serogroups and monoclonal subgroups. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 21: 710\u2013716","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.92.3.450","volume":"92","author":"RE Holmberg","year":"1993","unstructured":"Holmberg RE, Pavia AT, Montgomery D et\u00a0al (1993) Nosocomial Legionella pneumonia in the neonate. Pediatrics 92: 450\u2013453","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"35_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01646407","volume":"18","author":"I Horbach","year":"1990","unstructured":"Horbach I, Fehrenbach FJ (1990) Legionellosis in heart transplant recipients. Infection 18: 361\u2013363","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"35_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-5994.2003.00422.x","volume":"33","author":"BP Howden","year":"2003","unstructured":"Howden BP, Stuart RL, Tallis G et\u00a0al (2003) Treatment and outcome of 104 hospitalized patients with Legionnaires\u2019 disease. Intern Med J 33: 484\u2013488","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"35_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.47.0857","volume":"47","author":"N Imai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Imai N, Yagi N, Konishi T et\u00a0al (2008) Legionnaires\u2019 disease with hypoperfusion in the cerebellum and frontal lobe on single photon emission computed tomography. Intern Med 47: 1263\u20131266","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"35_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3181779b53","volume":"87","author":"KL Jacobson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jacobson KL, Miceli MH, Tarrand JJ et\u00a0al (2008) Legionella pneumonia in cancer patients. Medicine 87: 152\u2013159","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"35_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00894","volume":"117","author":"TJ Jeon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jeon TJ, Jeon KW (2004) Gene switching in Amoeba proteus caused by endosymbiotic bacteria. J Cell Sci 117: 535\u2013543","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"35_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)90349-6","volume":"2","author":"JT Johnson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Johnson JT, Yu VL, Best MG (1985) Nosocomial legionellosis in surgical patients with head-and-neck cancer: implications for epidemiological reservoir and mode of transmission. Lancet 2: 298\u2013300","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"35_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.23.4.768-771.1986","volume":"23","author":"JR Joly","year":"1986","unstructured":"Joly JR, McKinney RM, Tobin JO et\u00a0al (1986) Development of a standardized subgrouping scheme for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 using monoclonal antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 23: 768\u2013771","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"35_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268804002018","volume":"132","author":"CA Joseph","year":"2004","unstructured":"Joseph CA (2004) Legionnaires\u2019 disease in Europe 2000\u20132002. Epidemiol Infect 132: 417\u2013424","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"35_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800057745","volume":"112","author":"CA Joseph","year":"1994","unstructured":"Joseph CA, Watson JM, Harrison TG et\u00a0al (1994) Nosocomial Legionnaires\u2019 disease in England and Wales, 1980\u201392. Epidemiol Infect 112: 329\u2013345","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"35_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200205000-00012","volume":"30","author":"A Karim","year":"2002","unstructured":"Karim A, Ahmed S, Rossoff LJ (2002) Legionnaires\u2019 disease associated with acute encephalitis and arrhythmia. Crit Care Med 30: 1028\u20131029","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"35_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0b013e31804b211d","volume":"31","author":"KW Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim KW, Goo JM, Lee HJ et\u00a0al (2007) Chest computed tomographic findings and clinical features of Legionella pneumonia. J Comput Assist Tomogr 31: 950\u2013955","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"35_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1080\/080352505100","volume":"94","author":"C K\u00f6nig","year":"2005","unstructured":"K\u00f6nig C, Hebestreit H, Valenza G et\u00a0al (2005) Legionella waltersii \u2013 a novel cause of pneumonia?. Acta Paediatr 94: 1505\u20131507","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"35_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47556-0","volume":"57","author":"P K\u00fcmpers","year":"2008","unstructured":"K\u00fcmpers P, Tiede A, Kirschner P et\u00a0al (2008) Legionnaires\u2019 disease in immunocompromised patients: a case report of Legionella longbeachae pneumonia and review of the literature. J Med Microbiol 57: 384\u2013387","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"35_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02455-0","volume":"54","author":"B La Scola","year":"2004","unstructured":"La Scola B, Birtles RJ, Greub G et\u00a0al (2004) Legionella drancourtii sp. nov., a strictly intracellular amoebal pathogen. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54: 699\u2013703","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"issue":"suppl A","key":"35_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S171","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-0542(04)90033-4","volume":"5","author":"B La Scola","year":"2004","unstructured":"La Scola B, Maltezou H (2004) Legionella and Q fever community acquired pneumonia in children. Pediatr Respir Rev 5(suppl A): S171\u2013S177","journal-title":"Pediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"35_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199856020-00014","volume":"56","author":"HD Langtry","year":"1998","unstructured":"Langtry HD, Balfour JA (1998) Azithromycin. A review of its use in paediatric infectious diseases. Drugs 56: 273\u2013297","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"35_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.2307\/30142015","volume":"19","author":"LA Lepine","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lepine LA, Jernigan DB, Butler JC et\u00a0al (1998) A recurrent outbreak of nosocomial Legionnaire\u2019s disease detected by urinary antigen testing: evidence for long-term colonization of a hospital plumbing system. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 19: 905\u2013910","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"35_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1086\/340738","volume":"35","author":"KD Lettinga","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lettinga KD, Verbon A, Nieuwkerk PT et\u00a0al (2002a) Health-related quality of life and posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of an outbreak of legionnaires\u2019 disease. Clin Infect Dis 35: 11\u201317","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0812.020035","volume":"8","author":"KD Lettinga","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lettinga KD, Verbon A, Weverling GJ et\u00a0al (2002b) Legionnaires\u2019 disease at a Dutch flower show: prognostic factors and impact of therapy. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 1448\u20131454","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR90","first-page":"287","volume":"18","author":"I Levy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Levy I, Rubin LG (1998) Legionella pneumonia in neonates: a literature review. J Perinatol 18: 287\u2013290","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"35_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1086\/502263","volume":"24","author":"PY Levy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Levy PY, Teysseire N, Etienne J et\u00a0al (2003) A nosocomial outbreak of Legionella pneumophila caused by contaminated transesophageal echocardiography probes. Infect Control Hosp Epiemiol 24: 619\u2013622","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epiemiol"},{"key":"35_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01971307","volume":"13","author":"PC L\u00fcck","year":"1994","unstructured":"L\u00fcck PC, Dinger E, Helbig JH et\u00a0al (1994) Analysis of Legionella pneumophila strains associated with nosocomial pneumonia in a neonatal intensive care unit. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 13: 565\u2013571","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47382-0","volume":"57","author":"PC L\u00fcck","year":"2008","unstructured":"L\u00fcck PC, Schneider T, Wagner J et\u00a0al (2008) Community-acquired Legionnaires\u2019 disease caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 10 linked to the private home. J Med Microbiol 57: 240\u2013243","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"35_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1086\/516354","volume":"26","author":"HR L\u00fcttichau","year":"1997","unstructured":"L\u00fcttichau HR, Uldum SA et\u00a0al (1997) An outbreak of Pontiac fever among children following use of a whirlpool. Clin Infect Dis 26: 1374\u20131378","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR95","first-page":"639","volume":"36","author":"H Maltezou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maltezou H, La Scola B, Astra H et\u00a0al (2004) Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila in community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections among hospitalized children: diagnosis by real time PCR. Scand J Infect Dis 36: 639\u2013642","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.154.21.2417","volume":"154","author":"B Marston","year":"1994","unstructured":"Marston B, Lipman HB, Brieman RF (1994) Surveillance for legionnaires\u2019 disease. Risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Arch Intern Med 154: 2417\u20132422","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"35_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.157.15.1709","volume":"157","author":"BJ Marston","year":"1997","unstructured":"Marston BJ, Plouffe JF, File TJ et\u00a0al (1997) Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalizations: results of a population-based active surveillance study in Ohio. The Community-Based Pneumonia Incidence Study Group. Arch Intern Med 157: 1709\u20131718","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"35_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01629.x","volume":"13","author":"M Masia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Masia M, Gutierrez F, Padilla S et\u00a0al (2007) Clinical characterization of pneumonia caused by atypical pathogens combining classic and novel predictors. Clin Microbiol Infect 13: 153\u2013161","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"35_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.1999.0628","volume":"43","author":"W Mathys","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mathys W, Deng MC, Meyer J et\u00a0al (1999) Fatal nosocomial Legionnaires\u2019 disease after heart transplantation: clinical course, epidemiology and prevention strategies for the highly compromised host. J Hosp Infect 43: 242\u2013246","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"35_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1086\/386322","volume":"38","author":"MR McClelland","year":"2004","unstructured":"McClelland MR, Vaszar LT, Kagawa F (2004) Pneumonia and osteomyelitis due to Legionella longbeachae in a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Infect Dis 38: 102\u2013106","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(00)00181-4","volume":"38","author":"C McNally","year":"2000","unstructured":"McNally C, Hackman B, Fields BS et\u00a0al (2000) Potential importance of Legionella species as etiologies in community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 38: 79\u201382","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318054e338","volume":"26","author":"ML Miller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miller ML, Hayden R, Gaur A (2007) Legionella bozemanii pulmonary abscess in a pediatric allogeneic stem cell transplant recipient. Pediatr Infect Dis J 26: 760\u2013762","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"35_CR103","first-page":"851","volume":"59","author":"M Mrozi\u0144ska","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mrozi\u0144ska M (2005) Legionellosis in three children \u2013 cases report. Przegl Epidemiol 59: 851\u2013857","journal-title":"Przegl Epidemiol"},{"key":"35_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1086\/342884","volume":"35","author":"RR Muder","year":"2002","unstructured":"Muder RR, Yu VL (2002) Infection due to Legionella species other than L. pneumophila. Clin Infect Dis 35: 990\u2013998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR105","first-page":"190","volume":"13","author":"T Nagai","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nagai T, Sobajima H, Iwasa M (2000) A fatal newborn case of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia occurring after water birth in a bathtub with an all day circulating system. IASR 13: 190\u2013191","journal-title":"IASR"},{"key":"35_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1086\/590557","volume":"47","author":"K Neil","year":"2008","unstructured":"Neil K, Berkelman R (2008) Increasing incidence of legionellosis in the United States, 1990\u20132005: changing epidemiologic trends. Clin Infect Dis 47: 591\u2013599","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880600656X","volume":"135","author":"BA O\u2019Connor","year":"2007","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor BA, Carman J, Eckert K et\u00a0al (2007) Does using potting mix make you sick? Results from a Legionella longbeachae case-control study in South Australia. Epidemiol Infect 135: 34\u201339","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"35_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80327-7","volume":"99","author":"WA Orenstein","year":"1981","unstructured":"Orenstein WA, Overturf GD, Leedom JM et\u00a0al (1981) The frequency of Legionella infection prospectively determined in children hospitalized with pneumonia. J Pediatr 99: 403\u2013406","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"35_CR109","first-page":"209","volume":"45","author":"P Pai","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pai P, Kumar S, Bell GM et\u00a0al (1996) Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis and Legionnaires\u2019 disease. Clin Nephrol 45: 209\u2013210","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"35_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-12-126854","volume":"112","author":"PN Paradkar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Paradkar PN, De Domenico I, Durchfort N et\u00a0al (2008) Iron depletion limits intracellular bacterial growth in macrophages. Blood 112: 866\u2013874","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"35_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2004.00659.x","volume":"6","author":"M Park","year":"2004","unstructured":"Park M, Yun ST, Kim MS et\u00a0al (2004) Phylogenetic characterization of Legionella-like endosymbiotic X-bacteria in Amoeba proteus: a proposal for \u201cCandidatus Legionella jeonii\u201d sp. nov. Environ Microbiol 6: 1252\u20131263","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"35_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.2.543","volume":"124","author":"ML Pedro-Botet","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pedro-Botet ML, Sabria M, Sopena N et\u00a0al (2003) Legionnaires\u2019 disease and HIV infection. Chest 124: 543\u2013547","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"35_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1086\/523003","volume":"45","author":"CR Phares","year":"2007","unstructured":"Phares CR, Wangroonngsarb P, Chantra S et\u00a0al (2007) Epidemiology of severe pneumonia caused by Legionella longbeachae, Mycoplasma pneumonia, and Chlamydia pneumonia: 1-year, population-based surveillance for severe pneumonia in Thailand. Clin Infect Dis 45: 147\u2013155","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2007.03.015","volume":"37","author":"M Poupard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Poupard M, Campese C, Bernillon P et\u00a0al (2007) Factors associated with mortality in Legionnaires\u2019 disease, France, 2002\u20132004. Med Mal Infect 37: 325\u2013330","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"35_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200212000-00022","volume":"21","author":"X Qin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Qin X, Abe PM, Weissman SJ et\u00a0al (2002) Extrapulmonary Legionella micdadei infection in a previously healthy child. Pediatr Infect Dis J 21: 1174\u20131176","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"35_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.161.2.8333379","volume":"161","author":"PV Quagliano","year":"1993","unstructured":"Quagliano PV, Das Narla L (1993) Legionella pneumonia causing multiple cavitating pulmonary nodules in a 7-month-old infant. AJR Am J Roentgenol 161: 367\u2013368","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"35_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.3.651","volume":"158","author":"SC Redd","year":"1988","unstructured":"Redd SC, Schuster DM, Quan J et\u00a0al (1988) Legionellosis in cardiac transplant recipients: results of a nationwide survey. J Infect Dis 158: 651\u2013653","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.12.12.00753-en","volume":"12","author":"KD Ricketts","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ricketts KD, Joseph CA (2007) Legionnaires\u2019 disease in Europe 2005\u20132006. Euro Surveill 12: E7\u2013E8","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"35_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.99.2.344","volume":"99","author":"J Roig","year":"1991","unstructured":"Roig J, Aguilar X, Ruiz J et\u00a0al (1991) Comparative study of Legionella pneumophila and other nosocomial-acquired pneumonias. Chest 99: 344\u2013350","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"35_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg191","volume":"51","author":"J Roig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roig J, Rello J (2003) Legionnaires\u2019 disease: a rational approach to therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother 51: 1119\u20131129","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"35_CR121","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Legionella \u2013 current status and emerging perspectives","author":"TJ Rowbotham","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rowbotham TJ (1993) Legionella-like amoebal pathogens. In: Barbaree JM, Breiman RF, Dofour AP (eds) Legionella \u2013 current status and emerging perspectives. ASM Press, Washington, pp 137\u2013140"},{"key":"35_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.64.6.951","volume":"64","author":"ME Ryan","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ryan ME, Feldman S, Pruitt B et\u00a0al (1979) Legionnaires\u2019 disease in a child with cancer. Pediatrics 64: 951\u2013953","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"35_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03256652","volume":"2","author":"M Sabria","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sabria M, Campins M (2003) Legionnaires\u2019 disease: update on epidemiology and management options. Am J Respir Med 2: 235\u2013243","journal-title":"Am J Respir Med"},{"key":"35_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1401","volume":"128","author":"M Sabria","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sabria M, Pedro-Botet ML, Gomez J et\u00a0al (2005) Fluoroquinolones vs macrolides in the treatment of Legionnaires disease. Chest 128: 1401\u20131405","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"35_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rct.0000233129.06056.65","volume":"31","author":"F Sakai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sakai F, Tokuda H, Goto H et\u00a0al (2007) Computed tomographic features of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia in 38 cases. J Comput Assist Tomogr 31: 125\u2013131","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"35_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2007.0111","volume":"22","author":"U Sandkovsky","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sandkovsky U, Sandkovsky G, Suh J et\u00a0al (2008) Legionella pneumonia and HIV: case reports and review of the literature. AIDS Patient Care STDS 22: 473\u2013481","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"35_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-31-1-45","volume":"31","author":"NA Saunders","year":"1990","unstructured":"Saunders NA, Harrison TG, Haththotuwa A et\u00a0al (1990) A method for typing strains of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. J Med Microbiol 31: 45\u201355","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"35_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5348","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.10.5348-4350.2005","volume":"43","author":"M Scaturro","year":"2005","unstructured":"Scaturro M, Losardo M, De Ponte G et\u00a0al (2005) Comparison of the free molecular methods used for subtyping of Legionella pneumophila strains isolated during an epidemic of Legionellosis in Rome. J Clin Microbiol 43: 5348\u20135350","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"35_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SMJ.0000104843.78816.49","volume":"97","author":"SA Shelburne","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shelburne SA, Kielhofner MA, Tiwari PS (2004) Cerebellar involvement in legionellosis. South Med J 97: 61\u201364","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"35_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2008.057000","volume":"61","author":"C Shimura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shimura C, Saraya T, Wada H et\u00a0al (2008) Pathological evidence of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute tubulointerstitial nephritis accompanying Legionella pneumonia pneumonia. J Clin Pathol 61: 1062\u20131063","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"35_CR131","first-page":"396","volume":"61","author":"N Singh","year":"1996","unstructured":"Singh N, Gayowski T, Wagener M et\u00a0al (1996) Pulmonary infections in liver transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus. Changing pattern of microbial etiologies. Transplantation 61: 396\u2013401","journal-title":"Changing pattern of microbial etiologies. Transplantation"},{"key":"35_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200209270-00029","volume":"74","author":"N Singh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Singh N, Stout J, Yu VL (2002) Legionnaires\u2019 disease in a transplant recipient acquired from the patient\u2019s home: implications for management. Transplantation 74: 755\u2013756","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"35_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00077206","volume":"29","author":"N Sopena","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sopena N, Force L, Pedro-Botet ML et\u00a0al (2007) Sporadic and epidemic community legionellosis: two faces of the same illness. Eur Respir J 29: 138\u2013142","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"35_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.5.1195","volume":"113","author":"N Sopena","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sopena N, Martinez-Vazquez C, Rodriguez-Suarez JR et\u00a0al (1998) Comparative study of the clinical presentation of Legionella pneumonia and other community-acquired pneumonias. Chest 113: 1195\u20132000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"35_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709043371006","volume":"337","author":"JE Stout","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stout JE, Yu VL (1997) Legionellosis. N Engl J Med 337: 682\u2013687","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"35_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.46.6084","volume":"46","author":"E Sugihara","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sugihara E, Dambara T, Aiba M et\u00a0al (2007) Clinical characteristics of 8 sporadic cases of community-acquired Legionella pneumonia in advanced age. Intern Med 46: 461\u2013465","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"35_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1992.01420040121021","volume":"127","author":"Y Takunaga","year":"1992","unstructured":"Takunaga Y, Concepcion W, Berquist WE et\u00a0al (1992) Graft involvement by Legionella in a liver transplant recipient. Arch Surg 127: 475\u2013477","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"35_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70573-8","volume":"176","author":"K Tewari","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tewari K, Wold SM, Asrat T (1997) Septic shock associated with Legionella pneumonia: case report. Am J Obstet Gynecol 176: 706\u2013707","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"35_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-112","volume":"6","author":"P Tossa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tossa P, Deloge-Abarkan M, Zmirou-Navier D et\u00a0al (2006) Pontiac fever: an operational definition for epidemiological studies. BMC Public Health 6: 112","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"35_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110077317","volume":"34","author":"HK Tr\u00fcbel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tr\u00fcbel HK, Meyer HG, Jahn B et\u00a0al (2002) Complicated nosocomial pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila in immunocompromised child. Scand J Infect Dis 34: 219\u2013221","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1086\/646971","volume":"15","author":"RA Venezia","year":"1994","unstructured":"Venezia RA, Hanley EM, Urquhart K et\u00a0al (1994) Nosocomial legionellosis associated with aspiration of nasogastric feedings diluted in tap water. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 15: 529\u2013533","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"35_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-9862","volume":"21","author":"EN Vergis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vergis EN, Akbas E, Yu VL (2000) Legionella as a cause of severe pneumonia. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 21: 295\u2013304","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"35_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2000.020","volume":"28","author":"A Vimercati","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vimercati A, Greco P, Bettocchi S et\u00a0al (2000) Legionnaire\u2019s disease complicating pregnancy: a case report with intrauterine fetal demise. J Perinat Med 28: 147\u2013150","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"35_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1086\/586741","volume":"46","author":"H Von Baum","year":"2008","unstructured":"Von Baum H, Ewig S, Marre R et\u00a0al (2008) Community-acquired Legionella pneumonia: new insights for the German competence network for community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 46: 1356\u20131364","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400062641","volume":"95","author":"ID Watkins","year":"1985","unstructured":"Watkins ID, Tobin JO, Dennis PJ et\u00a0al (1985) Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 subgrouping by monoclonal antibodies \u2013 an epidemiological tool. J Hyg 95: 211\u2013216","journal-title":"J Hyg"},{"key":"35_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000107016.09468.80","volume":"23","author":"AM Watson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Watson AM, Boyce TG, Wylam ME (2004) Legionella pneumonia: infection during immunosuppressive therapy for idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 23: 82\u201384","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"35_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410019598","volume":"36","author":"MJ Wondergem","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wondergem MJ, Voskuyl AE, van Agtmael MA (2004) A case of Legionellosis during treatment with a TNF-a antagonist. Scand J Infect Dis 36: 310\u2013311","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"35_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20s","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00702002","volume":"36","author":"M Woodhead","year":"2002","unstructured":"Woodhead M (2002) Community-acquired pneumonia in Europe: causative pathogens and resistance patterns. Eur Respir J Suppl 36: 20s\u201327s","journal-title":"Eur Respir J Suppl"},{"key":"35_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1E003","volume":"38","author":"BK Yoo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yoo BK, Triller DM, Yong CS (2004) Gemifloxacin: a new fluoroquinolone approved for treatment of respiratory infections. Ann Pharmacother 38: 1226\u20131235","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"35_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1086\/341087","volume":"186","author":"VL Yu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yu VL, Plouffe JF, Castellanii-Pastoris M et\u00a0al (2002) Distribution of Legionella species and serogroups isolated by culture in patients with sporadic community-acquired legionellosis: an international collaborative survey. J Infect Dis 186: 127\u2013128","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00005-009-0035-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00005-009-0035-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00005-009-0035-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00005-009-0035-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T20:46:51Z","timestamp":1704228411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00005-009-0035-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,4]]},"references-count":150,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}},"alternative-id":["35"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00005-009-0035-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-069X","1661-4917"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-069X","type":"print"},{"value":"1661-4917","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 October 2008","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2009","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2009","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}