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Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Respiratory inflammation is the body\u2019s response to lung infection, trauma or hypersensitivity and is often accompanied by comorbidities, including gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Why respiratory inflammation is accompanied by GI dysfunction remains unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation on intestinal barrier integrity, tight-junctions, enteric neurons and inflammatory marker expression.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Female C57bl\/6 mice (6\u20138\u00a0weeks) were intratracheally administered LPS (5\u00a0\u00b5g) or sterile saline, and assessed after either 24 or 72\u00a0h. Total and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were used to evaluate lung inflammation. Intestinal barrier integrity was assessed via cross sectional immunohistochemistry of tight junction markers claudin-1, claudin-4 and EpCAM. Changes in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and inflammation in the intestine were quantified immunohistochemically using neuronal markers Hu\u2009+\u2009and nNOS, glial markers GFAP and S100\u03b2 and pan leukocyte marker CD45.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Intratracheal LPS significantly increased the number of neutrophils in BALF at 24 and 72\u00a0h. These changes were associated with an increase in CD45\u2009+\u2009cells in the ileal mucosa at 24 and 72\u00a0h, increased goblet cell expression at 24\u00a0h, and increased expression of EpCAM at 72\u00a0h. LPS had no effect on the expression of GFAP, S100\u03b2, nor the number of Hu\u2009+\u2009neurons or proportion of nNOS neurons in the myenteric plexus.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Intratracheal LPS administration induces inflammation in the ileum that is associated with enhanced expression of EpCAM, decreased claudin-4 expression and increased goblet cell density, these changes may contribute to systemic inflammation that is known to accompany many inflammatory diseases of the lung.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-022-01657-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T05:02:27Z","timestamp":1667365347000},"page":"57-74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Gastrointestinal consequences of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3510-1288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel M.","family":"McQuade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Methma","family":"Bandara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanti","family":"Diwakarla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Sahakian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myat Noe","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Al Thaalibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine R.","family":"Di Natale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marsha","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiera H.","family":"Harwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena K.","family":"Schneider-Futschik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Jarnicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1657_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7606","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147606","volume":"22","author":"KH Harwood","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harwood KH, McQuade RM, Jarnicki A, Schneider-Futschik EK. 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