{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T11:36:03Z","timestamp":1789212963292,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007594","name":"Comenius University in Bratislava","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007594","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflamm. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective and design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune defence requires systemic metabolic changes to redirect energy and nutrients to activated immune cells. The circadian clock is known to control the immune response, but its role in regulating metabolic adaptations following the immune challenge remains poorly understood. We aimed to examine the inflammatory and metabolic responses in rat liver and visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) after time-of-day-dependent endotoxin stimulation under a regular light\/dark cycle or dim artificial light at night (ALAN; ~2\u00a0lx), which disrupts immune and metabolic rhythms. Male rats were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) either during the day or night and acute changes in metabolic pathways and the peripheral metabolic clocks were analysed at both systemic and molecular levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the control light\/dark cycle, we observed higher fatty acid (FA) mobilization in vWAT after daytime than nighttime LPS injection. Similarly, hepatic glucose metabolism was more responsive to daytime than nighttime LPS, while the opposite trend was observed for FA uptake and synthesis. This daily variability in metabolic changes was associated with the inflammatory response, involving nuclear factor interleukin-3 regulated (NFIL3) in the liver and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB)\/NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway in vWAT. Hepatic and adipose clocks also showed time-of-day-dependent response to LPS, indicating a direct link to circadian regulation. Disruption of metabolic clocks by ALAN impaired the capacity of rats to maintain lipid metabolic adaptations during inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Together, our results highlight the role of circadian clocks in LPS-induced responses of glucose and FA metabolism and their susceptibility to disruption by ALAN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-025-02066-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T23:02:29Z","timestamp":1751238149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lipid metabolic adaptations during inflammation are controlled by the circadian clock and impaired by light at night"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Beata","family":"Benedikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viera","family":"Sebenova Jerigova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Zeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Okuliarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2066_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2019.04.005","volume":"109","author":"T Dolezal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dolezal T, Krejcova G, Bajgar A, Nedbalova P, Strasser P. Molecular regulations of metabolism during immune response in insects. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2019;109:31\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ibmb.2019.04.005.","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2066_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-024-01853-0","volume":"73","author":"Y Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang Y, Cui B-B, Li J, Shan J-J, Xu J, Zhang C-Y, et al. Tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites: new players in macrophage. Inflamm Res. 2024;73(4):531\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00011-024-01853-0.","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2066_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.08.012","volume":"53","author":"A Lercher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lercher A, Baazim H, Bergthaler A. Systemic immunometabolism: challenges and opportunities. Immunity. 2020;53(3):496\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.08.012.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"9","key":"2066_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5915","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M807852200","volume":"284","author":"L Zu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zu L, He J, Jiang H, Xu C, Pu S, Xu G. Bacterial endotoxin stimulates adipose lipolysis via toll-like receptor 4 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(9):5915\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M807852200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"2066_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)41334-3","volume":"33","author":"KR Feingold","year":"1992","unstructured":"Feingold KR, Staprans I, Memon RA, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Doerrler W, et al. Endotoxin rapidly induces changes in lipid metabolism that produce hypertriglyceridemia: low doses stimulate hepatic triglyceride production while high doses inhibit clearance. J Lipid Res. 1992;33(12):1765\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)41334-3.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2066_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R300019-JLR200","volume":"45","author":"W Khovidhunkit","year":"2004","unstructured":"Khovidhunkit W, Kim M-S, Memon RA, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Feingold KR, et al. Effects of infection and inflammation on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism: mechanisms and consequences to the host. J Lipid Res. 2004;45(7):1169\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.R300019-JLR200.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2066_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2006.10.007","volume":"56","author":"MS Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim MS, Sweeney TR, Shigenaga JK, Chui LG, Moser A, Grunfeld C, et al. Tumor necrosis factor and Interleukin 1 decrease RXR\u03b1, PPAR\u03b1, PPAR\u03b3, LXR\u03b1, and the coactivators SRC-1, PGC-1\u03b1, and PGC-1\u03b2 in liver cells. Metabolism. 2007;56(2):267\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2006.10.007.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"2","key":"2066_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.07.007","volume":"22","author":"P Tognini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tognini P, Thaiss CA, Elinav E, Sassone-Corsi P. Circadian coordination of antimicrobial responses. Cell Host Microbe. 2017;22(2):185\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2017.07.007.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"2066_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41266-3","volume":"13","author":"V Jerigova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jerigova V, Zeman M, Okuliarova M. Chronodisruption of the acute inflammatory response by night lighting in rats. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):14109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-41266-3.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2066_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.05.012","volume":"273","author":"NN Guerrero-Vargas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guerrero-Vargas NN, Salgado-Delgado R, Basualdo MC, Garc\u00eda J, Guzm\u00e1n-Ruiz M, Carrero JC, et al. Reciprocal interaction between the Suprachiasmatic nucleus and the immune system tunes down the inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide. J Neuroimmunol. 2014;273(1):22\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.05.012.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2066_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0199405","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199405","volume":"13","author":"S Moravcov\u00e1","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moravcov\u00e1 S, Pa\u010desov\u00e1 D, Melkes B, Kyclerov\u00e1 H, Spi\u0161sk\u00e1 V, Novotn\u00fd J, et al. The day\/night difference in the circadian clock\u2019s response to acute lipopolysaccharide and the rhythmic Stat3 expression in the rat Suprachiasmatic nucleus. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(9):e0199405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0199405.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"2066_CR12","first-page":"225","volume":"92","author":"SH Abele","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abele SH, Meadows KE, Medeiros D, Silver AC. Time is on the immune system\u2019s side, yes it is. Yale J Biol Med. 2019;92(2):225\u201331. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6585517\/.","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2066_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2016.150","volume":"18","author":"JS Takahashi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Takahashi JS. Transcriptional architecture of the mammalian circadian clock. Nat Rev Genet. 2017;18(3):164\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrg.2016.150.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"6153","key":"2066_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240636","volume":"341","author":"KD Nguyen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nguyen KD, Fentress SJ, Qiu Y, Yun K, Cox JS, Chawla A. Circadian gene Bmal1 regulates diurnal oscillations of Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes. Science. 2013;341(6153):1483\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1240636.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"2066_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700784R","volume":"32","author":"S-M Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim S-M, Neuendorff N, Alaniz RC, Sun Y, Chapkin RS, Earnest DJ. Shift work cycle-induced alterations of circadian rhythms potentiate the effects of high-fat diet on inflammation and metabolism. FASEB J. 2018;32(6):3085\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.201700784R.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2066_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1177\/14771535211014792","volume":"53","author":"RG Foster","year":"2021","unstructured":"Foster RG. Fundamentals of circadian entrainment by light. Lighting Res Technol. 2021;53(5):377\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14771535211014792.","journal-title":"Lighting Res Technol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2066_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1159\/000524235","volume":"112","author":"M Okuliarova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Okuliarova M, Dzirbikova Z, Rumanova VS, Foppen E, Kalsbeek A, Zeman M. Disrupted circadian control of hormonal rhythms and anticipatory thirst by dim light at night. Neuroendocrinology. 2022;112(11):1116\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000524235.","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2066_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973461","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.973461","volume":"13","author":"VS Rumanova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rumanova VS, Okuliarova M, Foppen E, Kalsbeek A, Zeman M. Exposure to dim light at night alters daily rhythms of glucose and lipid metabolism in rats. Front Physiol. 2022;13:973461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.973461.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"6650","key":"2066_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adg5277","volume":"380","author":"KM Zielinska-Dabkowska","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zielinska-Dabkowska KM, Schernhammer ES, Hanifin JP, Brainard GC. Reducing nighttime light exposure in the urban environment to benefit human health and society. Science. 2023;380(6650):1130\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adg5277.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3548","key":"2066_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614960","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.614960","volume":"11","author":"M Okuliarova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Okuliarova M, Mazgutova N, Majzunova M, Rumanova VS, Zeman M. Dim light at night impairs daily variation of Circulating immune cells and renal immune homeostasis. Front Immunol. 2021;11(3548):614960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.614960.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2066_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2007.01.010","volume":"145","author":"K Okada","year":"2008","unstructured":"Okada K, Yano M, Doki Y, Azama T, Iwanaga H, Miki H, et al. Injection of LPS causes transient suppression of biological clock genes in rats. J Surg Res. 2008;145(1):5\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2007.01.010.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2066_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"010502","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2021.010502","volume":"31","author":"CC Serdar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Serdar CC, Cihan M, Y\u00fccel D, Serdar MA. Sample size, power and effect size revisited: simplified and practical approaches in pre-clinical, clinical and laboratory studies. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2021;31(1):010502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11613\/BM.2021.010502.","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2066_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2012.699123","volume":"29","author":"A Kalsbeek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kalsbeek A, Liu J, Lei J, Timmermans L, Foppen E, Cailotto C, et al. Differential involvement of the Suprachiasmatic nucleus in lipopolysaccharide-induced plasma glucose and corticosterone responses. Chronobiol Int. 2012;29(7):835\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/07420528.2012.699123.","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"2066_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2010.03.001","volume":"31","author":"A Sch\u00e4ffler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4ffler A, Sch\u00f6lmerich J. Innate immunity and adipose tissue biology. Trends Immunol. 2010;31(6):228\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2010.03.001.","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2066_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.04.011","volume":"23","author":"JH Stern","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stern JH, Rutkowski JM, Scherer PE. Adiponectin, leptin, and fatty acids in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis through adipose tissue crosstalk. Cell Metab. 2016;23(5):770\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.04.011.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"18","key":"2066_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6919","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186919","volume":"21","author":"M Okuliarova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okuliarova M, Rumanova VS, Stebelova K, Zeman M. Dim light at night disturbs molecular pathways of lipid metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(18):6919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21186919.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2066_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2003.10.041","volume":"355","author":"E Challet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Challet E, Malan A, Turek FW, Van Reeth O. Daily variations of blood glucose, acid-base state and PCO2 in rats: effect of light exposure. Neurosci Lett. 2004;355(1):131\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2003.10.041.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"2066_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1993.1754","volume":"193","author":"Z Spolarics","year":"1993","unstructured":"Spolarics Z, Pekala PH, Bagby GJ, Spitzer JJ. Brief endotoxemia markedly increases expression of GLUT1 glucose transporter in kupffer, hepatic endothelial and parenchymal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993;193(3):1211\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/bbrc.1993.1754.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2066_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soto-Tinoco E, Santacruz E, Basualdo-Sigales MdC, Guerrero-Vargas NN, Buijs RM. Time-of-day-dependent gating of the liver-spinal axis initiates an anti-inflammatory reflex in the rat. eNeuro. 2020;7(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/ENEURO.0463-20.2020. ENEURO.0463-20.2020.","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0463-20.2020"},{"issue":"12","key":"2066_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)35355-4","volume":"34","author":"KR Feingold","year":"1993","unstructured":"Feingold KR, Hardardottir I, Memon R, Krul EJT, Moser AH, Taylor JM, et al. Effect of endotoxin on cholesterol biosynthesis and distribution in serum lipoproteins in Syrian hamsters. J Lipid Res. 1993;34(12):2147\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)35355-4.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2066_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1038","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00431.2010","volume":"299","author":"M Hoekstra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hoekstra M, Korporaal SJA, Li Z, Zhao Y, Van Eck M, Van Berkel TJC. Plasma lipoproteins are required for both basal and stress-induced adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis and protection against endotoxemia in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010;299(6):E1038\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00431.2010.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2066_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.09.006","volume":"6","author":"A Kohsaka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kohsaka A, Laposky AD, Ramsey KM, Estrada C, Joshu C, Kobayashi Y, et al. High-fat diet disrupts behavioral and molecular circadian rhythms in mice. Cell Metab. 2007;6(5):414\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.09.006.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2066_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2021.104475","volume":"372","author":"S Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun S, Yao Y, Huang C, Xu H, Zhao Y, Wang Y, et al. CD36 regulates LPS-induced acute lung injury by promoting macrophages M1 polarization. Cell Immunol. 2022;372:104475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellimm.2021.104475.","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"issue":"29","key":"2066_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8182","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1608987113","volume":"113","author":"J Tian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tian J, Goldstein JL, Brown MS. Insulin induction of SREBP-1c in rodent liver requires LXR\u03b1-C\/EBP\u03b2 complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(29):8182\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1608987113.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"2066_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2013.12.001","volume":"25","author":"H-C Chang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chang H-C, Guarente L. SIRT1 and other sirtuins in metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2014;25(3):138\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2013.12.001.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"31","key":"2066_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25758","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.362343","volume":"287","author":"TF Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu TF, Vachharajani VT, Yoza BK, McCall CE. NAD+-dependent Sirtuin 1 and 6 proteins coordinate a switch from glucose to fatty acid oxidation during the acute inflammatory response. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(31):25758\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M112.362343.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"2066_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59808","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059808","volume":"8","author":"S Westfall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Westfall S, Aguilar-Valles A, Mongrain V, Luheshi GN, Cermakian N. Time-dependent effects of localized inflammation on peripheral clock gene expression in rats. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(3):e59808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0059808.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"2066_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3109\/07420521003769111","volume":"27","author":"Y Yamamura","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yamamura Y, Yano I, Kudo T, Shibata S. Time-dependent inhibitory effect of lipopolysaccharide injection on Per1 and Per2 gene expression in the mouse heart and liver. Chronobiol Int. 2010;27(2):213\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/07420521003769111.","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"571","key":"2066_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaau1851","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aau1851","volume":"12","author":"NC Allen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Allen NC, Philip NH, Hui L, Zhou X, Franklin RA, Kong Y, et al. Desynchronization of the molecular clock contributes to the heterogeneity of the inflammatory response. Sci Signal. 2019;12(571):eaau1851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scisignal.aau1851.","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"issue":"6354","key":"2066_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan0677","volume":"357","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Y, Kuang Z, Yu X, Ruhn KA, Kubo M, Hooper LV. The intestinal microbiota regulates body composition through NFIL3 and the circadian clock. Science. 2017;357(6354):912\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aan0677.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6993","key":"2066_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02583","volume":"429","author":"F Picard","year":"2004","unstructured":"Picard F, Kurtev M, Chung N, Topark-Ngarm A, Senawong T, Machado de Oliveira R, et al. Sirt1 promotes fat mobilization in white adipocytes by repressing PPAR-\u03b3. Nature. 2004;429(6993):771\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature02583.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"2066_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ14-0042","volume":"61","author":"T Iwasa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iwasa T, Matsuzaki T, Matsui S, Munkhzaya M, Tungalagsuvd A, Kawami T, et al. The effects of LPS-induced endotoxemia on the expression of adiponectin and its receptors in female rats. Endocr J. 2014;61(9):891\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1507\/endocrj.EJ14-0042.","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"9","key":"2066_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118653","volume":"97","author":"C Grunfeld","year":"1996","unstructured":"Grunfeld C, Zhao C, Fuller J, Pollack A, Moser A, Friedman J, et al. Endotoxin and cytokines induce expression of leptin, the Ob gene product, in hamsters. J Clin Invest. 1996;97(9):2152\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI118653.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"2066_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.1.171","volume":"185","author":"P Sarraf","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sarraf P, Frederich RC, Turner EM, Ma G, Jaskowiak NT, Rivet DJ III, et al. Multiple cytokines and acute inflammation Raise mouse leptin levels: potential role in inflammatory anorexia. J Exp Med. 1997;185(1):171\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.185.1.171.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2066_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1089\/107999000312775","volume":"20","author":"MT Leininger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Leininger MT, Portocarrero CP, Bidwell CA, Spurlock ME, Houseknecht KL. Leptin expression is reduced with acute endotoxemia in the pig: correlation with glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2000;20(1):99\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/107999000312775.","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2066_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.07.026","volume":"166","author":"A Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang A, Huen SC, Luan HH, Yu S, Zhang C, Gallezot J-D, et al. Opposing effects of fasting metabolism on tissue tolerance in bacterial and viral inflammation. Cell. 2016;166(6):1512\u201325..e12.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5930","key":"2066_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1164097","volume":"324","author":"KE Wellen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wellen KE, Hatzivassiliou G, Sachdeva UM, Bui TV, Cross JR, Thompson CB. ATP-citrate lyase links cellular metabolism to histone acetylation. Science. 2009;324(5930):1076\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1164097.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2066_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.09.037","volume":"440","author":"V Infantino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Infantino V, Iacobazzi V, Palmieri F, Menga A. ATP-citrate lyase is essential for macrophage inflammatory response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013;440(1):105\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.09.037.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2066_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155527","volume":"142","author":"HMA Javaid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Javaid HMA, Ko E, Joo EJ, Kwon SH, Park J-H, Shin S, et al. TNF\u03b1-induced NLRP3 inflammasome mediates adipocyte dysfunction and activates macrophages through adipocyte-derived Lipocalin 2. Metabolism. 2023;142:155527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155527.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"2066_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1017\/S095442241400002X","volume":"27","author":"G Fr\u00fchbeck","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fr\u00fchbeck G, M\u00e9ndez-Gim\u00e9nez L, Fern\u00e1ndez-Formoso J-A, Fern\u00e1ndez S, Rodr\u00edguez A. Regulation of adipocyte lipolysis. Nutr Res Rev. 2014;27(1):63\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S095442241400002X.","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2066_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.02.109","volume":"342","author":"J Iqbal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Iqbal J, Zaidi M. TNF regulates cellular NAD\u2009+\u2009metabolism in primary macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006;342(4):1312\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.02.109.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2066_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.07.008","volume":"126","author":"DC Levine","year":"2022","unstructured":"Levine DC, Ramsey KM, Bass J. Circadian NAD(P)(H) cycles in cell metabolism. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2022;126:15\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.07.008.","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"}],"container-title":["Inflammation Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00011-025-02066-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00011-025-02066-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00011-025-02066-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T16:54:47Z","timestamp":1767200087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00011-025-02066-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00011-025-02066-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1023-3830","1420-908X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1023-3830","type":"print"},{"value":"1420-908X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 June 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}},{"value":"The experimental procedures were approved by the Ethical Committee for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals at Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic, and the State Veterinary Authority of the Slovak Republic.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"96"}}