{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:06:21Z","timestamp":1792782381443,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hubei Province health and family planning scientific research project","award":["WJ2023M015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WJ2023M015"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873870(Z-HT)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873870(Z-HT)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflamm. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-025-02074-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T03:18:40Z","timestamp":1756955920000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early hyperferritinemia in polytrauma: a biomarker of systemic inflammation and mortality risk in a multicenter cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Shunyao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teding","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialiu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peidong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuaipeng","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youxie","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhibiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kewen","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaozhong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengxiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunqiu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao-Hui","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Rr\u20131","key":"2074_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"58","author":"SM Sasser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sasser SM, et al. Guidelines for field triage of injured patients. Recommendations of the National expert panel on field triage. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2009;58(Rr\u20131):1\u201335.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"2074_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e449","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30125-2","volume":"4","author":"D Leilei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leilei D, et al. The burden of injury in china, 1990\u20132017: findings from the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet Public Health. 2019;4(9):e449\u201361.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"2074_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001882","volume":"84","author":"JM Bardes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bardes JM, et al. The contemporary timing of trauma deaths. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018;84(6):893\u20139.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2074_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051716","volume":"12","author":"D Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen D, et al. Venous Thrombus embolism in polytrauma: special attention to patients with traumatic brain injury. J Clin Med. 2023;12(5):1716.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2074_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.09.053","volume":"53","author":"H Deng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deng H, et al. The incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcome of polytrauma patients with the combination of pulmonary contusion, flail chest and upper thoracic spinal injury. Injury. 2022;53(3):1073\u201380.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"9847","key":"2074_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61224-0","volume":"380","author":"RL Gruen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gruen RL, et al. Haemorrhage control in severely injured patients. Lancet. 2012;380(9847):1099\u2013108.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"2074_CR7","first-page":"S3","volume":"60","author":"DS Kauvar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kauvar DS, Lefering R, Wade CE. Impact of hemorrhage on trauma outcome: an overview of epidemiology, clinical presentations, and therapeutic considerations. J Trauma. 2006;60(6 Suppl):S3\u201311.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"2074_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318206d3df","volume":"39","author":"A Wafaisade","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wafaisade A, et al. Epidemiology and risk factors of sepsis after multiple trauma: an analysis of 29,829 patients from the trauma registry of the German society for trauma surgery. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(4):621\u20138.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2074_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-06992-0","volume":"15","author":"TD Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang TD, et al. The different paradigms of NK cell death in patients with severe trauma. Cell Death Dis. 2024;15(8):606.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"9952","key":"2074_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60687-5","volume":"384","author":"JM Lord","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lord JM, et al. The systemic immune response to trauma: an overview of pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet. 2014;384(9952):1455\u201365.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2074_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.005015","volume":"12","author":"P Matzinger","year":"1994","unstructured":"Matzinger P. Tolerance, danger, and the extended family. Annu Rev Immunol. 1994;12:991\u20131045.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2074_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1989.054.01.003","volume":"54","author":"CA Janeway Jr","year":"1989","unstructured":"Janeway CA Jr. Approaching the asymptote? Evolution and revolution in immunology. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1989;54:1\u201313.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2074_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2008.08.001","volume":"23","author":"MA Knovich","year":"2009","unstructured":"Knovich MA, et al. Ferritin for the clinician. Blood Rev. 2009;23(3):95\u2013104.","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"2074_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.10.3505","volume":"99","author":"FM Torti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Torti FM, Torti SV. Regulation of ferritin genes and protein. Blood. 2002;99(10):3505\u201316.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2074_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.11.003","volume":"30","author":"S Recalcati","year":"2008","unstructured":"Recalcati S, et al. New functions for an iron storage protein: the role of ferritin in immunity and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun. 2008;30(1\u20132):84\u20139.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"4","key":"2074_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004131","volume":"48","author":"G Lachmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lachmann G, et al. Hyperferritinemia in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(4):459\u201365.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2074_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e233","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31820abca8","volume":"12","author":"TD Bennett","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bennett TD, et al. Very high serum ferritin levels are associated with increased mortality and critical care in pediatric patients. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2011;12(6):e233\u20136.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2074_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3181a1ae08","volume":"10","author":"L Castillo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Castillo L, Carcillo J. Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and severe sepsis\/ systemic inflammatory response syndrome\/multiorgan dysfunction syndrome\/macrophage activation syndrome share common intermediate phenotypes on a spectrum of inflammation. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2009;10(3):387\u201392.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2074_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00564.x","volume":"96","author":"PC Garcia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Garcia PC, et al. Ferritin levels in children with severe sepsis and septic shock. Acta Paediatr. 2007;96(12):1829\u201331.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2074_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R52","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11256","volume":"16","author":"D Demirkol","year":"2012","unstructured":"Demirkol D, et al. Hyperferritinemia in the critically ill child with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis\/sepsis\/multiple organ dysfunction syndrome\/macrophage activation syndrome: What is the treatment? Crit Care. 2012;16(2):R52.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"2074_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.5.9809027","volume":"159","author":"RA Sharkey","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sharkey RA, et al. Initial serum ferritin levels in patients with multiple trauma and the subsequent development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159(5 Pt 1):1506\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2074_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000453","volume":"77","author":"HC Pape","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pape HC, et al. The definition of polytrauma revisited: an international consensus process and proposal of the new \u2018berlin definition\u2019. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014;77(5):780\u20136.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2074_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-015-1813-1","volume":"102","author":"H Saeed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saeed H, et al. Evaluating the optimal serum ferritin level to identify hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in the critical care setting. Int J Hematol. 2015;102(2):195\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"issue":"23","key":"2074_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2018894618","volume":"133","author":"P La Ros\u00e9e","year":"2019","unstructured":"La Ros\u00e9e P, et al. Recommendations for the management of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults. Blood. 2019;133(23):2465\u201377.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"2074_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02941-3","volume":"24","author":"C Knaak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Knaak C, et al. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in critically ill patients: diagnostic reliability of HLH-2004 criteria and HScore. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):244.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"2074_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21039","volume":"48","author":"JI Henter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Henter JI, et al. HLH-2004: diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;48(2):124\u201331.","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"2074_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3525-z","volume":"40","author":"M Cecconi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cecconi M, et al. Consensus on circulatory shock and hemodynamic monitoring. Task force of the European society of intensive care medicine. Intensive Care Med. 2014;40(12):1795\u2013815.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2074_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.21118","volume":"323","author":"G Olson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olson G, Davis AM. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with Community-Acquired pneumonia. JAMA. 2020;323(9):885\u20136.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2074_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202311-2011ST","volume":"209","author":"N Qadir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qadir N, et al. An update on management of adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: an official American thoracic society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024;209(1):24\u201336.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"2074_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1415236","volume":"372","author":"KM Kaukonen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaukonen KM, et al. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria in defining severe sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(17):1629\u201338.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2074_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1045","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001878","volume":"44","author":"S Grang\u00e9","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grang\u00e9 S, et al. The use of ferritin to identify critically ill patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Crit Care Med. 2016;44(11):e1045\u201353.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2074_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.2143\/ACB.68.1.2062715","volume":"68","author":"M Piagnerelli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Piagnerelli M, et al. Time course of iron metabolism in critically ill patients. Acta Clin Belg. 2013;68(1):22\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"issue":"7285","key":"2074_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08780","volume":"464","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang Q, et al. Circulating mitochondrial damps cause inflammatory responses to injury. Nature. 2010;464(7285):104\u20137.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2074_CR34","first-page":"12","volume":"99","author":"J Manson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manson J, Thiemermann C, Brohi K. Trauma alarmins as activators of damage-induced inflammation. Br J Surg. 2012;99(Suppl 1):12\u201320.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2074_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/2110-5820-2-27","volume":"2","author":"J Pugin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pugin J. How tissue injury alarms the immune system and causes a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Ann Intens Care. 2012;2(1):27.","journal-title":"Ann Intens Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2074_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22716","volume":"49","author":"RG Ruddell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ruddell RG, et al. Ferritin functions as a Proinflammatory cytokine via iron-independent protein kinase C zeta\/nuclear factor kappaB-regulated signaling in rat hepatic stellate cells. Hepatology. 2009;49(3):887\u2013900.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2074_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2020.266627","volume":"106","author":"KE Finberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Finberg KE. Ironing out an approach to alleviate the hypoferremia of acute inflammation. Haematologica. 2021;106(2):326\u20138.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"12","key":"2074_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6493","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126493","volume":"22","author":"KE Nemeth","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nemeth E, Ganz T. Hepcidin-Ferroportin interaction controls systemic Iron homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(12):6493.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2074_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2012.01.014","volume":"1823","author":"T Ganz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ganz T, Nemeth E. Hepcidin and iron homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012;1823(9):1434\u201343.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"2074_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.09.006","volume":"22","author":"H Drakesmith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Drakesmith H, Nemeth E, Ganz T. Ironing out ferroportin. Cell Metab. 2015;22(5):777\u201387.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2074_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.232124","volume":"105","author":"C Camaschella","year":"2020","unstructured":"Camaschella C, Nai A, Silvestri L. Iron metabolism and iron disorders revisited in the Hepcidin era. Haematologica. 2020;105(2):260\u201372.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"4","key":"2074_CR42","first-page":"831","volume":"69","author":"KC Sihler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sihler KC, et al. Hepcidin in trauma: linking injury, inflammation, and anemia. J Trauma. 2010;69(4):831\u20137.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"9","key":"2074_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxx031","volume":"29","author":"KF Kernan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kernan KF, Carcillo JA. Hyperferritinemia and inflammation. Int Immunol. 2017;29(9):401\u20139.","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2074_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13369","volume":"37","author":"OE Anastasiou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anastasiou OE, et al. Low transferrin and high ferritin concentrations are associated with worse outcome in acute liver failure. Liver Int. 2017;37(7):1032\u201341.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2074_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13599","volume":"38","author":"A Brito-Azevedo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brito-Azevedo A. High ferritin concentration in acute liver failure: The top of the iceberg? Liver Int. 2018;38(1):190.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"2074_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.025","volume":"208","author":"L Jin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jin L, et al. STING promotes ferroptosis through NCOA4-dependent ferritinophagy in acute kidney injury. Free Radic Biol Med. 2023;208:348\u201360.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2074_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4979","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.12.4979","volume":"90","author":"TN Tran","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tran TN, et al. Secretion of ferritin by rat hepatoma cells and its regulation by inflammatory cytokines and iron. Blood. 1997;90(12):4979\u201386.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"2074_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623308328544","volume":"37","author":"Y Fan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fan Y, et al. Ferritin expression in rat hepatocytes and Kupffer cells after lead nitrate treatment. Toxicol Pathol. 2009;37(2):209\u201317.","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2074_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00716.x","volume":"66","author":"RA Zager","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zager RA, Johnson AC, Hanson SY. Parenteral iron nephrotoxicity: potential mechanisms and consequences. Kidney Int. 2004;66(1):144\u201356.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2074_CR50","first-page":"189","volume":"2","author":"AU Unal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Unal AU, et al. Prognosis of patients in a medical intensive care unit. North Clin Istanb. 2015;2(3):189\u201395.","journal-title":"North Clin Istanb"},{"issue":"2","key":"2074_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001029","volume":"18","author":"JA Carcillo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carcillo JA, et al. A systemic inflammation mortality risk assessment contingency table for severe Sepsis. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017;18(2):143\u201350.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2074_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-017-0880-9","volume":"44","author":"Z Qiao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qiao Z, et al. Using IL-6 concentrations in the first 24\u00a0h following trauma to predict immunological complications and mortality in trauma patients: a meta-analysis. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2018;44(5):679\u201387.","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2074_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-179205","volume":"67","author":"T Thorburn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thorburn T, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of a novel iron chelator, DIBI, in experimental sepsis. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2017;67(3\u20134):241\u201350.","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2074_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2015.07.001","volume":"200","author":"S Islam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Islam S, et al. Anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects of iron chelation in experimental sepsis. J Surg Res. 2016;200(1):266\u201373.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2074_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-209207","volume":"76","author":"D Fokam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fokam D, et al. The novel iron chelator, DIBI, attenuates inflammation and improves outcome in colon ascendens stent peritonitis-induced experimental sepsis. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2020;76(2):241\u201361.","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2074_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2013.088047","volume":"99","author":"LT van Eijk","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Eijk LT, et al. The effect of iron loading and iron chelation on the innate immune response and subclinical organ injury during human endotoxemia: a randomized trial. Haematologica. 2014;99(3):579\u201387.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"11","key":"2074_CR57","first-page":"636","volume":"71","author":"F Sheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sheng F, et al. Interleukin 6 receptor inhibitor Tocilizumab suppresses cytokine expression, inflammasome activation and phagocytosis in a cell model of sepsis. Pharmazie. 2016;71(11):636\u20139.","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"issue":"5","key":"2074_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.179","volume":"12","author":"AA Grom","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grom AA, Horne A, De Benedetti F. Macrophage activation syndrome in the era of biologic therapy. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12(5):259\u201368.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2074_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2021.1899565","volume":"32","author":"T Yamabe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yamabe T, et al. Macrophage activation syndrome in patients with adult-onset still\u2019s disease under Tocilizumab treatment: a single-center observational study. Mod Rheumatol. 2022;32(1):169\u201376.","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2074_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15124","volume":"88","author":"D Vela","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vela D, et al. Efficacy and safety of Tocilizumab versus standard care\/placebo in patients with COVID-19; A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022;88(5):1955\u201363.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2074_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2388","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2388","volume":"32","author":"MM Rezaei Tolzali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rezaei Tolzali MM, et al. Efficacy of Tocilizumab in the treatment of COVID-19: an umbrella review. Rev Med Virol. 2022;32(6):e2388.","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2074_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5093","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065093","volume":"24","author":"K Lai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lai K, et al. Uridine alleviates Sepsis-Induced acute lung injury by inhibiting ferroptosis of macrophage. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(6):5093.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["Inflammation Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00011-025-02074-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00011-025-02074-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00011-025-02074-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T16:53:31Z","timestamp":1767200011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00011-025-02074-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00011-025-02074-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1023-3830","1420-908X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1023-3830","type":"print"},{"value":"1420-908X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Tongji Hospital at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (IRB number: TJ-IRB20200720; approval date: 22 July 2020), the Institutional Review Board of Nanfang Hospital at Southern Medical University (IRB number: NFEC-2024-276; approval date: 04 June 2024), the Institutional Review Board of Xiantao first people\u2019s Hospital (IRB number: 2023-01-001; approval date: 01 January 2023) and the Institutional Review Board of Yingcheng people\u2019s Hospital (IRB number: 20230709; approval date: 02 July 2023). The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legally authorized representatives.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"119"}}