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Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective and design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective was to determine the association between serum IgE levels and the infiltration order of T lymphocytes and macrophages in pancreatic islets in relation to the loss of insulin and glucagon cells in presymptomatic congenic BB Gimap5-DP (Diabetes Prone) rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Congenic prediabetes BB Gimap5-DP and control Gimap5-DR (Diabetes Resistant) rats were followed every other day from 29 to 32\u00a0days of age until peak serum IgE (\u2264\u200955\u00a0days of age).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum IgE was measured using ELISA. The HALO\u2122 platform facilitated quantitative image analysis of infiltrating T lymphocytes, macrophages, and target organ insulin and glucagon cells. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was employed to identify candidate type 1 diabetes genes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum IgE levels increased with age in normoglycemic BB Gimap5-DP rats. Quantification of infiltrating cells per mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in and around the islets indicated that T lymphocytes are the initial infiltrators, followed by macrophages. Elevated serum IgE levels inversely correlated with beta-cell mass (total mg insulin\/mg pancreas). WGS refined the risk segment for islet inflammation to 1.02 Mbp, leaving 10 candidate genes, including\n                      <jats:italic>Gimap4<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Gimap5<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Elevated IgE levels herald T lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration. Pancreatic islet inflammation was linked to\n                      <jats:italic>Gimap4<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Gimap5,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and other potential candidate genes on rat chromosome 4.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-025-02101-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T07:36:00Z","timestamp":1759476960000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative temporal analysis of pancreatic islet T lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration heralded by serum IgE in congenic BioBreeding (BB) Gimap5\u2212\/\u2212 rats at risk for insulitis and acute onset diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0709-2828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josefine","family":"J\u00f6nsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Faxius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanette","family":"T\u00e5ngrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5647-1504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krysten","family":"Vance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Jerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marika","family":"Bogdani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ericsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasmus","family":"Bennet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2407-7785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Ramelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1735-0499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c5ke","family":"Lernmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2101_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00429781","volume":"14","author":"AF Nakhooda","year":"1978","unstructured":"Nakhooda AF, Like AA, Chappel CI, Wei CN, Marliss EB. 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