{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:07:57Z","timestamp":1792782477741,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 78th Batch General Grant","award":["2025M78199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025M78199"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0426zh255","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82372475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82372475"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflamm. Res."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-026-02365-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T09:10:10Z","timestamp":1789636210000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of mTORC2\/RICTOR in immune cells and inflammatory diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Jingting","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5968-4836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengjing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2365_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1562861","volume":"15","author":"D Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu D, Huang M, Ma C, Xu X, Wu T, Zhang M. The bidirectional regulatory network between ATF4 and lncRNAs in systemic diseases. Front Oncol. 2025;15:1562861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1562861.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2365_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1518278","volume":"15","author":"X Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen X, Zuo Z, Li L, Liu L, Bao X, Song R, et al. The effect of Time-Acupoints-Space Acupuncture on fatigue in postoperative chemotherapy patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Front Oncol. 2025;15:1518278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1518278.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2365_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01453-1","volume":"16","author":"L Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang L, Chu Z, Liu M, Zou Q, Li J, Liu Q, et al. Amino acid metabolism in immune cells: essential regulators of the effector functions, and promising opportunities to enhance cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol. 2023;16(1):59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-023-01453-1.","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2365_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00026.2020","volume":"101","author":"A Szwed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Szwed A, Kim E, Jacinto E. Regulation and metabolic functions of mTORC1 and mTORC2. Physiol Rev. 2021;101(3):1371\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00026.2020.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"19","key":"2365_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3089","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12711","volume":"591","author":"M Linke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Linke M, Fritsch SD, Sukhbaatar N, Hengstschl\u00e4ger M, Weichhart T. mTORC1 and mTORC2 as regulators of cell metabolism in immunity. FEBS Lett. 2017;591(19):3089\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1873-3468.12711.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"11","key":"2365_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-018-0050-3","volume":"18","author":"RA Casero Jr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Casero RA Jr, Murray Stewart T, Pegg AE. Polyamine metabolism and cancer: treatments, challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Cancer. 2018;18(11):681\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41568-018-0050-3.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"2365_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04739-3","volume":"13","author":"Q Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Q, Yang Q, Wu Z, Chen Y, Xu M, Zhang H, et al. IL-1\u03b2-activated mTORC2 promotes accumulation of IFN-\u03b3+ \u03b3\u03b4 T cells by upregulating CXCR3 to restrict hepatic fibrosis. Cell Death Dis. 2022;13(4):289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-022-04739-3.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2365_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.004","volume":"168","author":"RA Saxton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saxton RA, Sabatini DM. MTOR signaling in growth, metabolism, and disease. Cell. 2017;168(6):960\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.004.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"2365_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00641-8","volume":"24","author":"C Goul","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goul C, Peruzzo R, Zoncu R. The molecular basis of nutrient sensing and signalling by mTORC1 in metabolism regulation and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2023;24(12):857\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-023-00641-8.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2365_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-018-0029-3","volume":"28","author":"X Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen X, Liu M, Tian Y, Li J, Qi Y, Zhao D, Wu Z, Huang M, Wong CCL, Wang HW, Wang J, Yang H, Xu Y. Cryo-EM structure of human mTOR complex 2. Cell Res. 2018;28(5):518\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41422-018-0029-3. Epub 2018 Mar 22. PMID: 29567957; PMCID: PMC5951902.","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"2365_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-15-0460","volume":"5","author":"P Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu P, Gan W, Chin YR, Ogura K, Guo J, Zhang J, et al. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-dependent activation of the mTORC2 kinase complex. Cancer Discov. 2015;5(11):1194\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-15-0460.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"7448","key":"2365_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12122","volume":"497","author":"H Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang H, Rudge DG, Koos JD, Vaidialingam B, Yang HJ, Pavletich NP. MTOR kinase structure, mechanism and regulation. Nature. 2013;497(7448):217\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature12122.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2365_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.33101","volume":"7","author":"E Stuttfeld","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stuttfeld E, Aylett CH, Imseng S, Boehringer D, Scaiola A, Sauer E, et al. Architecture of the human mTORC2 core complex. Elife. 2018;7:e33101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.33101.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"3","key":"2365_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20070540","volume":"405","author":"LR Pearce","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pearce LR, Huang X, Boudeau J, Paw\u0142owski R, Wullschleger S, Deak M, et al. Identification of Protor as a novel Rictor-binding component of mTOR complex-2. Biochem J. 2007;405(3):513\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/BJ20070540.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"20","key":"2365_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1461206","volume":"20","author":"Q Yang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yang Q, Inoki K, Ikenoue T, Guan KL. Identification of Sin1 as an essential TORC2 component required for complex formation and kinase activity. Genes Dev. 2006;20(20):2820\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gad.1461206.","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2365_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.70871","volume":"10","author":"M W\u00e4lchli","year":"2021","unstructured":"W\u00e4lchli M, Berneiser K, Mangia F, Imseng S, Craigie LM, Stuttfeld E, et al. Regulation of human mTOR complexes by DEPTOR. Elife. 2021;10:e70871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.70871.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"23","key":"2365_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4758","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-10-251488","volume":"115","author":"HR Turnquist","year":"2010","unstructured":"Turnquist HR, Cardinal J, Macedo C, Rosborough BR, Sumpter TL, Geller DA, et al. MTOR and GSK-3 shape the CD4+ T-cell stimulatory and differentiation capacity of myeloid DCs after exposure to LPS. Blood. 2010;115(23):4758\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2009-10-251488.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"2365_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20102103","volume":"436","author":"LR Pearce","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pearce LR, Sommer EM, Sakamoto K, Wullschleger S, Alessi DR. Protor-1 is required for efficient mTORC2-mediated activation of SGK1 in the kidney. Biochem J. 2011;436(1):169\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/BJ20102103.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2365_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.04.010","volume":"17","author":"SJ Humphrey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Humphrey SJ, Yang G, Yang P, Fazakerley DJ, St\u00f6ckli J, Yang JY, et al. Dynamic adipocyte phosphoproteome reveals that Akt directly regulates mTORC2. Cell Metab. 2013;17(6):1009\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.04.010.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"14","key":"2365_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.10.14.16586","volume":"10","author":"WJ Oh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oh WJ, Jacinto E. MTOR complex 2 signaling and functions. Cell Cycle. 2011;10(14):2305\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/cc.10.14.16586.","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"issue":"5712","key":"2365_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1106148","volume":"307","author":"DD Sarbassov","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sarbassov DD, Guertin DA, Ali SM, Sabatini DM. Phosphorylation and regulation of Akt\/PKB by the rictor-mTOR complex. Science. 2005;307(5712):1098\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1106148.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"2365_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-15-1125","volume":"5","author":"HX Yuan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yuan HX, Guan KL. The SIN1-PH domain connects mTORC2 to PI3K. Cancer Discov. 2015;5(11):1127\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-15-1125.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"20","key":"2365_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17895","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4963","volume":"6","author":"AP Ghosh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghosh AP, Marshall CB, Coric T, Shim EH, Kirkman R, Ballestas ME, et al. Point mutations of the mTOR-RHEB pathway in renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2015;6(20):17895\u2013910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.4963.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"2","key":"2365_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.03.035","volume":"169","author":"RA Saxton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saxton RA, Sabatini DM. MTOR signaling in growth, metabolism, and disease. Cell. 2017;169(2):361\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2017.03.035. (Erratum for: Cell. 2017 Mar 9;168(6):960-976. doi: 10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.004. PMID: 28388417.).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"21","key":"2365_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5657","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00735-09","volume":"29","author":"CC Dibble","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dibble CC, Asara JM, Manning BD. Characterization of Rictor phosphorylation sites reveals direct regulation of mTOR complex 2 by S6K1. Mol Cell Biol. 2009;29(21):5657\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MCB.00735-09.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"49","key":"2365_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40406","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M508361200","volume":"280","author":"RC Hresko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hresko RC, Mueckler M. mTOR.RICTOR is the Ser473 kinase for Akt\/protein kinase B in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(49):40406\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M508361200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"2365_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2006.10.007","volume":"11","author":"DA Guertin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guertin DA, Stevens DM, Thoreen CC, Burds AA, Kalaany NY, Moffat J, et al. Ablation in mice of the mTORC components raptor, rictor, or mLST8 reveals that mTORC2 is required for signaling to Akt-FOXO and PKCalpha, but not S6K1. Dev Cell. 2006;11(6):859\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.devcel.2006.10.007. (PMID: 17141160).","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"2365_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2006.08.013","volume":"11","author":"C Shiota","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shiota C, Woo JT, Lindner J, Shelton KD, Magnuson MA. Multiallelic disruption of the rictor gene in mice reveals that mTOR complex 2 is essential for fetal growth and viability. Dev Cell. 2006;11(4):583\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.devcel.2006.08.013. (PMID: 16962829.).","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"2365_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201205030","volume":"201","author":"V Thomanetz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thomanetz V, Angliker N, Clo\u00ebtta D, Lustenberger RM, Schweighauser M, Oliveri F, Suzuki N, R\u00fcegg MA. Ablation of the mTORC2 component rictor in brain or Purkinje cells affects size and neuron morphology. J Cell Biol. 2013;201(2):293\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.201205030. Epub 2013 Apr 8. PMID: 23569215; PMCID: PMC3628512.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2365_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgy086","volume":"39","author":"A Gkountakos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gkountakos A, Pilotto S, Mafficini A, Vicentini C, Simbolo M, Milella M, et al. Unmasking the impact of Rictor in cancer: novel insights of mTORC2 complex. Carcinogenesis. 2018;39(8):971\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/carcin\/bgy086. (PMID: 29955840.).","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"45","key":"2365_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabc1251","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc1251","volume":"6","author":"A Scaiola","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scaiola A, Mangia F, Imseng S, Boehringer D, Berneiser K, Shimobayashi M, Stuttfeld E, Hall MN, Ban N, Maier T. The 3.2-\u00c5 resolution structure of human mTORC2. Sci Adv. 2020;6(45):eabc1251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abc1251. PMID: 33158864; PMCID: PMC7673708.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"2365_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.08.033","volume":"127","author":"E Jacinto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jacinto E, Facchinetti V, Liu D, Soto N, Wei S, Jung SY, et al. SIN1\/MIP1 maintains rictor-mTOR complex integrity and regulates Akt phosphorylation and substrate specificity. Cell. 2006;127(1):125\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2006.08.033. (PMID: 16962653.).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"2365_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2015.0103","volume":"22","author":"P Zhou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhou P, Zhang N, Nussinov R, Ma B. Defining the domain arrangement of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex component Rictor protein. J Comput Biol. 2015;22(9):876\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cmb.2015.0103.","journal-title":"J Comput Biol"},{"issue":"26","key":"2365_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3733","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.139","volume":"29","author":"CA Sparks","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sparks CA, Guertin DA. Targeting mTOR: prospects for mTOR complex 2 inhibitors in cancer therapy. Oncogene. 2010;29(26):3733\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/onc.2010.139.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"22","key":"2365_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14120","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.633057","volume":"290","author":"J Koo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koo J, Wu X, Mao Z, Khuri FR, Sun SY. Rictor undergoes glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-dependent, FBXW7-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. J Biol Chem. 2015;290(22):14120\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M114.633057.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"2365_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.01.054","volume":"418","author":"Z Guo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guo Z, Zhou Y, Evers BM, Wang Q. Rictor regulates FBXW7-dependent c-Myc and cyclin E degradation in colorectal cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012;418(2):426\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.01.054.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"2365_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.08.016","volume":"39","author":"D Gao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gao D, Wan L, Inuzuka H, Berg AH, Tseng A, Zhai B, et al. Rictor forms a complex with Cullin-1 to promote SGK1 ubiquitination and destruction. Mol Cell. 2010;39(5):797\u2013808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.08.016.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2365_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.30","volume":"32","author":"I Serrano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Serrano I, McDonald PC, Lock FE, Dedhar S. Role of the integrin-linked kinase (ILK)\/Rictor complex in TGF\u03b2-1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Oncogene. 2013;32(1):50\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/onc.2012.30.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"20","key":"2365_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.287","volume":"32","author":"NK Agarwal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Agarwal NK, Chen CH, Cho H, Boulb\u00e8s DR, Spooner E, Sarbassov DD. Rictor regulates cell migration by suppressing RhoGDI2. Oncogene. 2013;32(20):2521\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/onc.2012.287.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"13","key":"2365_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00867-07","volume":"28","author":"GN Hagan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hagan GN, Lin Y, Magnuson MA, Avruch J, Czech MP. A Rictor-Myo1c complex participates in dynamic cortical actin events in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Cell Biol. 2008;28(13):4215\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MCB.00867-07. Epub 2008 Apr 21. PMID: 18426911; PMCID: PMC2447144.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2365_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13014","volume":"18","author":"K Chellappa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chellappa K, Brinkman JA, Mukherjee S, Morrison M, Alotaibi MI, Carbajal KA, et al. Hypothalamic mTORC2 is essential for metabolic health and longevity. Aging Cell. 2019;18(5):e13014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acel.13014.","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"13","key":"2365_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2015.6562","volume":"25","author":"S Eid","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eid S, Boutary S, Braych K, Sabra R, Massaad C, Hamdy A, Rashid A, Moodad S, Block K, Gorin Y, Abboud HE, Eid AA. mTORC2 signaling regulates Nox4-induced podocyte depletion in diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2016;25(13):703\u201319 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ars.2015.6562. Epub 2016 Sep 12. PMID: 27393154; PMCID: PMC5079418.","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"2","key":"2365_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.05.030","volume":"59","author":"E Arias","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arias E, Koga H, Diaz A, Mocholi E, Patel B, Cuervo AM. Lysosomal mTORC2\/PHLPP1\/Akt regulate chaperone-mediated autophagy. Mol Cell. 2015;59(2):270\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.05.030.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"2365_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2024.2307224","volume":"20","author":"K Iskandar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Iskandar K, Foo J, Liew AQX, Zhu H, Raman D, Hirpara JL, et al. A novel MTORC2-AKT-ROS axis triggers mitofission and mitophagy-associated execution of colorectal cancer cells upon drug-induced activation of mutant KRAS. Autophagy. 2024;20(6):1418\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15548627.2024.2307224.","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"10","key":"2365_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4767","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402551","volume":"194","author":"D Ra\u00efch-Regu\u00e9","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ra\u00efch-Regu\u00e9 D, Rosborough BR, Watson AR, McGeachy MJ, Turnquist HR, Thomson AW. mTORC2 deficiency in myeloid dendritic cells enhances their allogeneic Th1 and Th17 stimulatory ability after TLR4 ligation in vitro and in vivo. J Immunol. 2015;194(10):4767\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1402551. Epub 2015 Apr 3. PMID: 25840913; PMCID: PMC4417394.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2365_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1324026","volume":"15","author":"HE Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim HE, Lee JY, Yoo DH, Park HH, Choi EJ, Nam KH, et al. Imidazole propionate ameliorates atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by inhibiting mitochondrial ROS and mTORC2. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1324026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1324026.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2365_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2021.166261","volume":"1867","author":"C Cui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cui C, Li T, Xie Y, Yang J, Fu C, Qiu Y, et al. Enhancing Acsl4 in absence of mTORC2\/Rictor drove \u03b2-cell dedifferentiation via inhibiting FoxO1 and promoting ROS production. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2021;1867(12):166261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2021.166261.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2365_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2867","volume":"15","author":"EB Heikamp","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heikamp EB, Patel CH, Collins S, Waickman A, Oh MH, Sun IH, et al. The AGC kinase SGK1 regulates TH1 and TH2 differentiation downstream of the mTORC2 complex. Nat Immunol. 2014;15(5):457\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.2867.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"24","key":"2365_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7052","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.24.7052","volume":"20","author":"C Debonneville","year":"2001","unstructured":"Debonneville C, Flores SY, Kamynina E, Plant PJ, Tauxe C, Thomas MA, et al. Phosphorylation of Nedd4-2 by Sgk1 regulates epithelial Na(+) channel cell surface expression. EMBO J. 2001;20(24):7052\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/emboj\/20.24.7052.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2365_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.2.420","volume":"18","author":"B Li","year":"1999","unstructured":"Li B, Tournier C, Davis RJ, Flavell RA. Regulation of IL-4 expression by the transcription factor JunB during T helper cell differentiation. EMBO J. 1999;18(2):420\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/emboj\/18.2.420.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"570","key":"2365_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaau1788","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aau1788","volume":"12","author":"S Fu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fu S, Zhu S, Tian C, Bai S, Zhang J, Zhan C, Xie D, Wang L, Li Z, Li J, Zhang H, Zhou R, Tian Z, Xu T, Bai L. Immunometabolism regulates TCR recycling and iNKT cell functions. Sci Signal. 2019;12(570):eaau1788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scisignal.aau1788. PMID: 30808817.","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"issue":"7","key":"2365_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101156","volume":"207","author":"M Merkenschlager","year":"2010","unstructured":"Merkenschlager M, von Boehmer H. PI3 kinase signalling blocks Foxp3 expression by sequestering Foxo factors. J Exp Med. 2010;207(7):1347\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20101156. (PMID: 20603315; PMCID: PMC2901062).","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2365_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40380","volume":"70","author":"H Kato","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kato H, Perl A. Blockade of treg cell differentiation and function by the interleukin-21-mechanistic target of rapamycin axis via suppression of autophagy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018;70(3):427\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.40380. Epub 2018 Jan 30. PMID: 29161463; PMCID: PMC5826851.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2365_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-024-05470-2","volume":"82","author":"Z Du","year":"2024","unstructured":"Du Z, Wang J, Liu Q, Yang D, Sun X, Huang L, et al. SHIP-1 regulates the differentiation and function of Tregs via inhibiting mTORC1 activity. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024;82(1):10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-024-05470-2. (PMID: 39709321; PMCID: PMC11663208).","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2365_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01090-1","volume":"23","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Y, Tian Q, Hao Y, Yao W, Lu J, Chen C, et al. The kinase complex mTORC2 promotes the longevity of virus-specific memory CD4+ T cells by preventing ferroptosis. Nat Immunol. 2022;23(2):303\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41590-021-01090-1. (Epub 2021 Dec 23. PMID: 34949833).","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2365_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15083","volume":"19","author":"AR Watson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Watson AR, Dai H, Diaz-Perez JA, Killeen ME, Mathers AR, Thomson AW. mTORC2 deficiency in cutaneous dendritic cells potentiates CD8+ effector T cell responses and accelerates skin graft rejection. Am J Transpl. 2019;19(3):646\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajt.15083. Epub 2018 Sep 17. PMID: 30129283; PMCID: PMC6384165.","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"issue":"1","key":"2365_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03653-w","volume":"5","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Y, Li Q, Zhang Z, Peng K, Zhang DM, Yang Q, et al. mTOR contributes to endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by promoting eNOS expression and preventing eNOS uncoupling. Commun Biol. 2022;5(1):726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-022-03653-w. (PMID: 35869262; PMCID: PMC9307829).","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"2365_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.61406","volume":"10","author":"Z Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun Z, Yao Y, You M, Liu J, Guo W, Qi Z, et al. The kinase PDK1 is critical for promoting T follicular helper cell differentiation. Elife. 2021;10:e61406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.61406. (PMID: 33595435; PMCID: PMC7889074).","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"5","key":"2365_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa208","volume":"117","author":"J Amersfoort","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amersfoort J, Schaftenaar FH, Douna H, van Santbrink PJ, van Puijvelde GHM, Sl\u00fctter B, et al. Diet-induced dyslipidemia induces metabolic and migratory adaptations in regulatory T cells. Cardiovasc Res. 2021;117(5):1309\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa208.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2365_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.04.014","volume":"30","author":"GM Delgoffe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Delgoffe GM, Kole TP, Zheng Y, Zarek PE, Matthews KL, Xiao B, et al. The mTOR kinase differentially regulates effector and regulatory T cell lineage commitment. Immunity. 2009;30(6):832\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.04.014.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"4","key":"2365_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2005","volume":"12","author":"GM Delgoffe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Delgoffe GM, Pollizzi KN, Waickman AT, Heikamp E, Meyers DJ, Horton MR, et al. The kinase mTOR regulates the differentiation of helper T cells through the selective activation of signaling by mTORC1 and mTORC2. Nat Immunol. 2011;12(4):295\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.2005.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2365_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20110278","volume":"208","author":"LZ Shi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shi LZ, Wang R, Huang G, Vogel P, Neale G, Green DR, Chi H. HIF1alpha-dependent glycolytic pathway orchestrates a metabolic checkpoint for the differentiation of TH17 and Treg cells. J Exp Med. 2011;208(7):1367\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20110278. Epub 2011 Jun 27. PMID: 21708926; PMCID: PMC3135370.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2365_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.10.010","volume":"32","author":"RR Rao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rao RR, Li Q, Odunsi K, Shrikant PA. The mTOR kinase determines effector versus memory CD8+ T cell fate by regulating the expression of transcription factors T-bet and Eomesodermin. Immunity. 2010;32(1):67\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.10.010.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"2365_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.09.021","volume":"35","author":"R Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang R, Dillon CP, Shi LZ, Milasta S, Carter R, Finkelstein D, et al. The transcription factor Myc controls metabolic reprogramming upon T lymphocyte activation. Immunity. 2011;35(6):871\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.09.021.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"7251","key":"2365_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08155","volume":"460","author":"K Araki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Araki K, Turner AP, Shaffer VO, Gangappa S, Keller SA, Bachmann MF, et al. mTOR regulates memory CD8 T-cell differentiation. Nature. 2009;460(7251):108\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature08155.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"2365_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2068","volume":"12","author":"K Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang K, Neale G, Green DR, He W, Chi H. The tumor suppressor Tsc1 enforces quiescence of naive T cells to promote immune homeostasis and function. Nat Immunol. 2011;12(9):888\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.2068.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2365_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.990794","volume":"13","author":"J Bystrom","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bystrom J, Taher TE, Henson SM, Gould DJ, Mageed RA. Metabolic requirements of Th17 cells and of B cells: regulation and defects in health and in inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol. 2022;13:990794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.990794.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2365_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1713640","volume":"16","author":"M Bernard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bernard M, Yang B, Migneault F, Turgeon J, Dieud\u00e9 M, Olivier MA, et al. Autophagy drives fibroblast senescence through MTORC2 regulation. Autophagy. 2020;16(11):2004\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15548627.2020.1713640.","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"9","key":"2365_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-018-0185-x","volume":"16","author":"M Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li M, Lazorchak AS, Ouyang X, Zhang H, Liu H, Arojo OA, et al. Sin1\/mTORC2 regulate B cell growth and metabolism by activating mTORC1 and Myc. Cell Mol Immunol. 2019;16(9):757\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-018-0185-x.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2365_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbior.2016.12.001","volume":"64","author":"M Jhanwar-Uniyal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Amin AG, Cooper JB, Das K, Schmidt MH, Murali R. Discrete signaling mechanisms of mTORC1 and mTORC2: connected yet apart in cellular and molecular aspects. Adv Biol Regul. 2017;64:39\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbior.2016.12.001.","journal-title":"Adv Biol Regul"},{"issue":"10","key":"2365_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.116361","volume":"44","author":"J Kalchschmidt","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kalchschmidt J, Kanno T, Park S, Dubois WD, Zhao Y, Trzaskoma P, Thomas CJ, Staudt LM, O'Shea JJ, Jung S, Casellas R. Biphasic control of the B cell transcriptome by mTORC1 and GSK3. Cell Rep. 2025;44(10):116361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.116361. Epub 2025 Sep 29. PMID: 41026602; PMCID: PMC12594101.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"14","key":"2365_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-01-477505","volume":"122","author":"K Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee K, Heffington L, Jellusova J, Nam KT, Raybuck A, Cho SH, et al. Requirement for Rictor in homeostasis and function of mature B lymphoid cells. Blood. 2013;122(14):2369\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2013-01-477505.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"2365_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2011.03.017","volume":"42","author":"A Saci","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saci A, Cantley LC, Carpenter CL. Rac1 regulates the activity of mTORC1 and mTORC2 and controls cellular size. Mol Cell. 2011;42(1):50\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2011.03.017.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2365_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-024-00605-w","volume":"12","author":"L Dai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dai L, Fan G, Xie T, Li L, Tang L, Chen H, et al. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal a high glycolysis B cell and tumor-associated macrophages cluster correlated with poor prognosis and exhausted immune microenvironment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Biomark Res. 2024;12(1):58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40364-024-00605-w.","journal-title":"Biomark Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"2365_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16349","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7648","volume":"7","author":"M Gao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gao M, Kong Q, Hua H, Yin Y, Wang J, Luo T, et al. AMPK-mediated up-regulation of mTORC2 and MCL-1 compromises the anti-cancer effects of aspirin. Oncotarget. 2016;7(13):16349\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.7648.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"12","key":"2365_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-24-1096","volume":"24","author":"RA DeStefanis","year":"2025","unstructured":"DeStefanis RA, Schmitz AE, Steimle AK, Payne SN, Sha GC, Olson AM, et al. BCL-2 family inhibition enhances mTORC1\/2 inhibition in PIK3CA-mutant colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2025;24(12):1914\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-24-1096.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"2365_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.10.015","volume":"33","author":"BD Gerlach","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gerlach BD, Ampomah PB, Yurdagul A Jr, Liu C, Lauring MC, Wang X, et al. Efferocytosis induces macrophage proliferation to help resolve tissue injury. Cell Metab. 2021;33(12):2445-2463.e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.10.015.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2365_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5696","volume":"5","author":"L Zhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhu L, Yang T, Li L, Sun L, Hou Y, Hu X, et al. TSC1 controls macrophage polarization to prevent inflammatory disease. Nat Commun. 2014;5(1):4696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms5696. (PMID: 25175012).","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2365_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3834","volume":"4","author":"V Byles","year":"2013","unstructured":"Byles V, Covarrubias AJ, Ben-Sahra I, Lamming DW, Sabatini DM, Manning BD, et al. The TSC-mTOR pathway regulates macrophage polarization. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms3834. (PMID: 24280772; PMCID: PMC3876736).","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"2365_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3757","volume":"15","author":"M Shimobayashi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shimobayashi M, Hall MN. Making new contacts: the mTOR network in metabolism and signalling crosstalk. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014;15(3):155\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm3757. (PMID: 24556838).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2365_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.11612","volume":"5","author":"AJ Covarrubias","year":"2016","unstructured":"Covarrubias AJ, Aksoylar HI, Yu J, Snyder NW, Worth AJ, Iyer SS, et al. Akt-mTORC1 signaling regulates Acly to integrate metabolic input to control of macrophage activation. Elife. 2016;5:e11612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.11612. (PMID: 26894960; PMCID: PMC4769166).","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"4","key":"2365_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.09.016","volume":"45","author":"SC Huang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Huang SC, Smith AM, Everts B, Colonna M, Pearce EL, Schilling JD, et al. Metabolic reprogramming mediated by the mTORC2-IRF4 signaling axis is essential for macrophage alternative activation. Immunity. 2016;45(4):817\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.09.016. (PMID: 27760338; PMCID: PMC5535820).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"4","key":"2365_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-025-01232-9","volume":"38","author":"H Lian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lian H, Yu M, Li Q, Xiao J, Tang X, Zhang B, et al. Hypoxic breast cancer cell-derived exosomal miR-143-3p targets RICTOR to regulate M2 macrophage polarization, thereby modulating cancer cell invasiveness. Hum Cell. 2025;38(4):114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13577-025-01232-9.","journal-title":"Hum Cell"},{"issue":"34","key":"2365_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17119","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202417119","volume":"12","author":"B Ni","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ni B, Yang C, Zhang J, Hang Z, Zheng M, Feng D, Shen Q, Miao J, Sun X, Sun L, Shen B, Gu M, Wang Z. Rictor ameliorates acute antibody-mediated rejection following kidney transplantation by suppressing macrophage M1 polarization through p65-NLRP3 axis. Adv Sci. 2025;12(34):e17119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202417119. Epub 2025 Jun 20. PMID: 40539877; PMCID: PMC12442627.","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"issue":"21","key":"2365_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12813","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15872","volume":"24","author":"L Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao L, Fan M, Zhao L, Yun H, Yang Y, Wang C, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 1 ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance via enhancing adipocyte mTORC2\/Rictor signal. J Cell Mol Med. 2020;24(21):12813\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.15872.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2365_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.02.093","volume":"369","author":"PT Jindra","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jindra PT, Jin YP, Jacamo R, Rozengurt E, Reed EF. MHC class I and integrin ligation induce ERK activation via an mTORC2-dependent pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;369(2):781\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.02.093.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"2365_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117263","volume":"45","author":"R Kadam","year":"2026","unstructured":"Kadam R, Patil C, Feferman L, Maienschein-Cline M, Chlipala G, Borole P, et al. Optineurin modulates mTORC2\/AKT\/STAT3 signaling to control MHC class II expression and adaptive immunity against HSV-1. Cell Rep. 2026;45(4):117263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117263.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2365_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302498","volume":"193","author":"E Amiel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amiel E, Everts B, Fritz D, Beauchamp S, Ge B, Pearce EL, et al. Mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibition extends cellular lifespan in dendritic cells by preserving mitochondrial function. J Immunol. 2014;193(6):2821\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1302498.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2365_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/ni825","volume":"3","author":"T Fukao","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fukao T, Tanabe M, Terauchi Y, Ota T, Matsuda S, Asano T, et al. PI3K-mediated negative feedback regulation of IL-12 production in DCs. Nat Immunol. 2002;3(9):875\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni825.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2365_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-020-00715-6","volume":"28","author":"D Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li D, Wang Y, Yang M, Dong Z. mTORC1 and mTORC2 coordinate early NK cell development by differentially inducing E4BP4 and T-bet. Cell Death Differ. 2021;28(6):1900\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41418-020-00715-6.","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"9","key":"2365_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109209","volume":"35","author":"AY Mah-Som","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mah-Som AY, Keppel MP, Tobin JM, Kolicheski A, Saucier N, Sexl V, et al. Reliance on Cox10 and oxidative metabolism for antigen-specific NK cell expansion. Cell Rep. 2021;35(9):109209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109209.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2365_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.1A0920-588R","volume":"111","author":"M Jangani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jangani M, Vuononvirta J, Yamani L, Ward E, Capasso M, Nadkarni S, et al. Loss of mTORC2-induced metabolic reprogramming in monocytes uncouples migration and maturation from production of proinflammatory mediators. J Leukoc Biol. 2022;111(5):967\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JLB.1A0920-588R.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"15","key":"2365_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157598","volume":"26","author":"A Fedor","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fedor A, Bryniarski K, Nazimek K. MTOR signaling in macrophages: all depends on the context. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(15):7598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26157598.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2365_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2018.06.001","volume":"151","author":"D Banerjee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Banerjee D, Sinha A, Saikia S, Gogoi B, Rathore AK, Das AS, et al. Inflammation-induced mTORC2-Akt-mTORC1 signaling promotes macrophage foam cell formation. Biochimie. 2018;151:139\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biochi.2018.06.001.","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"issue":"20","key":"2365_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124164","volume":"4","author":"K Katholnig","year":"2019","unstructured":"Katholnig K, Sch\u00fctz B, Fritsch SD, Sch\u00f6rghofer D, Linke M, Sukhbaatar N, et al. Inactivation of mTORC2 in macrophages is a signature of colorectal cancer that promotes tumorigenesis. JCI Insight. 2019;4(20):e124164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.124164.","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"5","key":"2365_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.06.010","volume":"94","author":"H Dai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dai H, Watson AR, Fantus D, Peng L, Thomson AW, Rogers NM. Rictor deficiency in dendritic cells exacerbates acute kidney injury. Kidney Int. 2018;94(5):951\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2018.06.010.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2365_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2025.578744","volume":"409","author":"AG Bertollo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bertollo AG, Jordan VA, Capitanio MZ, Ign\u00e1cio ZM. The contribution of mTOR to the immunopathology of bipolar disorder. J Neuroimmunol. 2025;409:578744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2025.578744.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2365_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646343","volume":"47","author":"T Sklarz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sklarz T, Guan P, Gohil M, Cotton RM, Ge MQ, Haczku A, et al. mTORC2 regulates multiple aspects of NKT-cell development and function. Eur J Immunol. 2017;47(3):516\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.201646343.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2365_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113681","volume":"144","author":"J Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu J, Wang G, Hou Y, Sun K, Zheng Z, Guo Z, et al. RICTOR-mediated activation of AKT\/mTOR signaling and autophagy inhibition promote osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2025;144:113681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113681.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2365_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2024.70.9.5","volume":"70","author":"M Temiz-Resitoglu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Temiz-Resitoglu M, Sabrie Z, Tiftik RN, Kalkan T, Aktas-Sukuroglu A, Malik KU, Sahan-Firat S. mTORC2 inhibition by JR-AB2\u2013011 improves IL-1\u03b2-induced inflammation, catabolic response, and apoptosis in human chondrocytes through I\u03baB-\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB p65. Cell Mol Biol. 2024;70(9):37\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14715\/cmb\/2024.70.9.5. PMID: 39380280.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2365_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116274","volume":"173","author":"J Xu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Xu J, Zheng Z, Xin F, Zhang X, Hou L, Zhong W, et al. RICTOR-mediated GPX4 downregulation regulates chondrocyte ferroptosis in osteoarthritis progression. Int Immunopharmacol. 2026;173:116274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116274.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2365_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116135","volume":"449","author":"Z Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Z, Huang Y, Jin X, Liu L, Gu H. PCB153 suppressed autophagy via PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR and RICTOR\/Akt\/mTOR signaling by the upregulation of microRNA-155 in rat primary chondrocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2022;449:116135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116135.","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2365_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23802","volume":"38","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang X, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Li M, Mo T, Xu X, et al. MTORC2 knockdown mediates lipid metabolism to alleviate hyperlipidemic pancreatitis through PPAR\u03b1. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2024;38(8):e23802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbt.23802.","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2365_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae275","volume":"148","author":"C Wong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wong C, Rodriguez-Hernandez LD, Lister KC, Gu N, Cai W, Hooshmandi M, et al. Targeting spinal mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 alleviates inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Brain. 2025;148(2):675\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awae275.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"15","key":"2365_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI152635","volume":"132","author":"C Wong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong C, Barkai O, Wang F, Perez CT, Lev S, Cai W, et al. mTORC2 mediates structural plasticity in distal nociceptive endings that contributes to pain hypersensitivity following inflammation. J Clin Invest. 2022;132(15):e152635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI152635.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"2365_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.19852\/j.cnki.jtcm.2025.04.007.PMID:40810222;PMCID:PMC12340592","volume":"45","author":"Z Xia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xia Z, Kaiqing L, Weigang C, Yong C, Hongdong D, Qiangbin LI, et al. Effect of Jiawei Huangqi Guizhi decoction on the expression of gastrin content and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/ protein kinase B\/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 signalling pathways in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis. J Tradit Chin Med. 2025;45(4):770\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19852\/j.cnki.jtcm.2025.04.007.PMID:40810222;PMCID:PMC12340592.","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2365_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12121668","volume":"12","author":"I Hussain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hussain I, Sureshkumar HK, Bauer M, Rubio I. Starvation protects hepatocytes from inflammatory damage through paradoxical mTORC1 signaling. Cells. 2023;12(12):1668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12121668.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"23","key":"2365_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3831","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.8.23.10070","volume":"8","author":"B Shor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shor B, Gibbons JJ, Abraham RT, Yu K. Targeting mTOR globally in cancer: thinking beyond rapamycin. Cell Cycle. 2009;8(23):3831\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/cc.8.23.10070.","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"issue":"15","key":"2365_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3412","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-2422","volume":"21","author":"B Basu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Basu B, Dean E, Puglisi M, Greystoke A, Ong M, Burke W, et al. First-in-human pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the dual m-TORC 1\/2 inhibitor AZD2014. Clin Cancer Res. 2015;21(15):3412\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-2422.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2365_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.08.035","volume":"69","author":"T Powles","year":"2016","unstructured":"Powles T, Wheater M, Din O, Geldart T, Boleti E, Stockdale A, et al. A randomised phase 2 study of AZD2014 versus everolimus in patients with VEGF-refractory metastatic clear cell renal cancer. Eur Urol. 2016;69(3):450\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.08.035.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"}],"container-title":["Inflammation Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00011-026-02365-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00011-026-02365-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00011-026-02365-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T09:10:13Z","timestamp":1789636213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00011-026-02365-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00011-026-02365-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-908X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-908X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflcit of interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Artificial Intelligence was used solely to enhance the linguistic quality of this manuscript. Specifically, an AI-powered language-polishing tool was employed to correct grammar, improve sentence fluency, and ensure terminological consistency; no AI system was used to conceive the study, design the experiments, interpret the data, or draft any part of the intellectual content. All scientific ideas, methods, results, and conclusions remain the sole responsibility of the human authors. After AI-assisted language editing, every sentence was reviewed and approved by the corresponding author to ensure that the final wording accurately reflects our intended meaning.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Declaration of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"215"}}