{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:05:06Z","timestamp":1792155906041,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642377600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell. Mol. Life Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new member of the <jats:italic>Betacoronaviridae<\/jats:italic> family, responsible for the recent pandemic outbreak of COVID-19. To start exploring the molecular events that follow host cell infection, we queried VirusCircBase and identified a circular RNA (circRNA) predicted to be synthesized by SARS-CoV-2, circ_3205, which we used to probe: (i) a training cohort comprised of two pools of cells from three nasopharyngeal swabs of SARS-CoV-2 infected (positive) or uninfected (negative, UCs) individuals; (ii) a validation cohort made up of 12 positive and 3 negative samples. The expression of circRNAs, miRNAs and miRNA targets was assayed through real-time PCR. CircRNA\u2013miRNA interactions were predicted by TarpMiR, Analysis of Common Targets for circular RNAs (ACT), and STarMir tools. Enrichment of the biological processes and the list of predicted miRNA targets were retrieved from DIANA miRPath v3.0. Our results showed that the predicted SARS-CoV-2 circ_3205 was expressed only in positive samples and its amount positively correlated with that of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) mRNA and the viral load (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> values\u2009=\u20090.80952 and 0.84867, Spearman\u2019s correlation test, respectively). Human (hsa) miR-298 was predicted to interact with circ_3205 by all three predictive tools. KCNMB4 and PRKCE were predicted as hsa-miR-298 targets. Interestingly, the function of both is correlated with blood coagulation and immune response. <jats:italic>KCNMB4<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>PRKCE<\/jats:italic> mRNAs were upregulated in positive samples as compared to UCs (6 and 8.1-fold, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> values\u2009=\u20090.049 and 0.02, Student\u2019s <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test, respectively) and their expression positively correlated with that of circ_3205 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> values\u2009=\u20090.6 and 0.25, Spearman\u2019s correlation test, respectively). We propose that our results convincingly suggest that circ_3205 is a circRNA synthesized by SARS-CoV-2 upon host cell infection and that it may behave as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), sponging hsa-miR-298 and contributing to the upregulation of <jats:italic>KCNMB4<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>PRKCE<\/jats:italic> mRNAs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-021-04119-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T17:03:04Z","timestamp":1642438984000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Competing endogenous RNA network mediated by circ_3205 in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5331-4554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Barbagallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetta Ilenia","family":"Palermo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Barbagallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalia","family":"Battaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Caponnetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Spina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ragusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Di Pietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Scalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Purrello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"4119_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","volume":"382","author":"N Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R et al (2020) A Novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 382:727\u2013733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4119_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","volume":"579","author":"P Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, Si HR, Zhu Y, Li B, Huang CL et al (2020) A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 579:270\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4119_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2008-3","volume":"579","author":"F Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, Chen YM, Wang W, Song ZG, Hu Y, Tao ZW, Tian JH, Pei YY et al (2020) A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature 579:265\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2008-3","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4119_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1097","volume":"323","author":"AL Phelan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Phelan AL, Katz R, Gostin LO (2020) The novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China: challenges for global health governance. JAMA 323:709\u2013710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.1097","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4119_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11993","volume":"495","author":"TB Hansen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hansen TB, Jensen TI, Clausen BH, Bramsen JB, Finsen B, Damgaard CK, Kjems J (2013) Natural RNA circles function as efficient microRNA sponges. Nature 495:384\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature11993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4119_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11928","volume":"495","author":"S Memczak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Memczak S, Jens M, Elefsinioti A, Torti F, Krueger J, Rybak A, Maier L, Mackowiak SD, Gregersen LH, Munschauer M et al (2013) Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency. Nature 495:333\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature11928","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4119_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003777","volume":"9","author":"J Salzman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salzman J, Chen RE, Olsen MN, Wang PL, Brown PO (2013) Cell-type specific features of circular RNA expression. PLoS Genet 9:e1003777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003777","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"4119_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030733","volume":"7","author":"J Salzman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salzman J, Gawad C, Wang PL, Lacayo N, Brown PO (2012) Circular RNAs are the predominant transcript isoform from hundreds of human genes in diverse cell types. PLoS ONE 7:e30733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0030733","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4119_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041678","author":"D Barbagallo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barbagallo D, Caponnetto A, Barbagallo C, Battaglia R, Mirabella F, Brex D, Stella M, Broggi G, Altieri R, Certo F et al (2021) The GAUGAA Motif Is Responsible for the Binding between circSMARCA5 and SRSF1 and Related Downstream Effects on Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Migration and Angiogenic Potential. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22041678","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4119_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.07.014","volume":"146","author":"L Salmena","year":"2011","unstructured":"Salmena L, Poliseno L, Tay Y, Kats L, Pandolfi PP (2011) A ceRNA hypothesis: the Rosetta Stone of a hidden RNA language? Cell 146:353\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2011.07.014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4119_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12986","volume":"505","author":"Y Tay","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tay Y, Rinn J, Pandolfi PP (2014) The multilayered complexity of ceRNA crosstalk and competition. Nature 505:344\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature12986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4119_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40342","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40342","volume":"7","author":"CM Tang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tang CM, Zhang M, Huang L, Hu ZQ, Zhu JN, Xiao Z, Zhang Z, Lin QX, Zheng XL, Yang M et al (2017) CircRNA_000203 enhances the expression of fibrosis-associated genes by derepressing targets of miR-26b-5p, Col1a2 and CTGF, in cardiac fibroblasts. Sci Rep 7:40342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep40342","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4119_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2018.05.009","volume":"12","author":"C Barbagallo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barbagallo C, Brex D, Caponnetto A, Cirnigliaro M, Scalia M, Magnano A, Caltabiano R, Barbagallo D, Biondi A, Cappellani A et al (2018) LncRNA UCA1, upregulated in CRC biopsies and downregulated in serum exosomes, controls mRNA expression by RNA-RNA interactions. Mol Therapy Nucleic Acids 12:229\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omtn.2018.05.009","journal-title":"Mol Therapy Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"4119_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.014","volume":"160","author":"SJ Conn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Conn SJ, Pillman KA, Toubia J, Conn VM, Salmanidis M, Phillips CA, Roslan S, Schreiber AW, Gregory PA, Goodall GJ (2015) The RNA binding protein quaking regulates formation of circRNAs. Cell 160:1125\u20131134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4119_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw027","volume":"44","author":"WW Du","year":"2016","unstructured":"Du WW, Yang W, Liu E, Yang Z, Dhaliwal P, Yang BB (2016) Foxo3 circular RNA retards cell cycle progression via forming ternary complexes with p21 and CDK2. Nucleic Acids Res 44:2846\u20132858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkw027","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4119_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-017-0019-9","volume":"37","author":"M Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang M, Huang N, Yang X, Luo J, Yan S, Xiao F, Chen W, Gao X, Zhao K, Zhou H et al (2018) A novel protein encoded by the circular form of the SHPRH gene suppresses glioma tumorigenesis. Oncogene 37:1805\u20131814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41388-017-0019-9","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"4119_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-2028-9","volume":"10","author":"Y Feng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feng Y, Yang Y, Zhao X, Fan Y, Zhou L, Rong J, Yu Y (2019) Circular RNA circ0005276 promotes the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells by interacting with FUS to transcriptionally activate XIAP. Cell Death Dis 10:792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-019-2028-9","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"4119_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201910835","volume":"11","author":"H Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li H, Yang F, Hu A, Wang X, Fang E, Chen Y, Li D, Song H, Wang J, Guo Y et al (2019) Therapeutic targeting of circ-CUX1\/EWSR1\/MAZ axis inhibits glycolysis and neuroblastoma progression. EMBO Mol Med 11:e10835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/emmm.201910835","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"4119_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4746","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6621","volume":"7","author":"D Barbagallo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barbagallo D, Condorelli A, Ragusa M, Salito L, Sammito M, Banelli B, Caltabiano R, Barbagallo G, Zappal\u00e0 A, Battaglia R et al (2016) Dysregulated miR-671-5p\/CDR1-AS\/CDR1\/VSNL1 axis is involved in glioblastoma multiforme. Oncotarget 7:4746\u20134759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.6621","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"4119_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0501-5","volume":"22","author":"U Dube","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dube U, Del-Aguila JL, Li Z, Budde JP, Jiang S, Hsu S, Ibanez L, Fernandez MV, Farias F, Norton J et al (2019) An atlas of cortical circular RNA expression in Alzheimer disease brains demonstrates clinical and pathological associations. Nat Neurosci 22:1903\u20131912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-019-0501-5","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"4119_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab809","author":"W Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang W, Liu Y, Min Z, Liang G, Mo J, Ju Z, Zeng B, Guan W, Zhang Y, Chen J et al (2021) circMine: a comprehensive database to integrate, analyze and visualize human disease-related circRNA transcriptome. Nucleic Acids Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkab809","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4119_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2019.1624469","volume":"16","author":"M Ragusa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ragusa M, Barbagallo D, Chioccarelli T, Manfrevola F, Cobellis G, Di Pietro C, Brex D, Battaglia R, Fasano S, Ferraro B et al (2019) CircNAPEPLD is expressed in human and murine spermatozoa and physically interacts with oocyte miRNAs. RNA Biol 16:1237\u20131248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15476286.2019.1624469","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"4119_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02018-y","volume":"21","author":"W Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu W, Ji P, Zhao F (2020) CircAtlas: an integrated resource of one million highly accurate circular RNAs from 1070 vertebrate transcriptomes. Genome Biol 21:101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-020-02018-y","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"4119_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2019.1600395","volume":"16","author":"M Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu M, Wang Q, Shen J, Yang BB, Ding X (2019) Circbank: a comprehensive database for circRNA with standard nomenclature. RNA Biol 16:899\u2013905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15476286.2019.1600395","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"4119_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14070618","author":"M Stella","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stella M, Falzone L, Caponnetto A, Gattuso G, Barbagallo C, Battaglia R, Mirabella F, Broggi G, Altieri R, Certo F et al (2021) Serum extracellular vesicle-derived circHIPK3 and circSMARCA5 are two novel diagnostic biomarkers for glioblastoma multiforme. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph14070618","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"4119_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19575","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203368","volume":"13","author":"D Xia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xia D, Gu X (2021) Plasmatic exosome-derived circRNAs panel act as fingerprint for glioblastoma. Aging 13:19575\u201319586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.203368","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"4119_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2020.191251","author":"C Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen C (2020) Serum hsa_circ_101178 as a Potential Biomarker for Early Prediction of Osteoarthritis. Clin Lab. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2020.191251","journal-title":"Clin Lab"},{"key":"4119_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3178642","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3178642","volume":"2020","author":"WP Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu WP, Pan YH, Cai MY, Cen JM, Chen C, Zheng L, Liu X, Xiong XD (2020) Plasma-derived exosomal circular RNA hsa_circ_0005540 as a novel diagnostic biomarker for coronary artery disease. Dis Markers 2020:3178642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/3178642","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"4119_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.023","volume":"67","author":"X Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li X, Liu CX, Xue W, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Yin QF, Wei J, Yao RW, Yang L, Chen LL (2017) Coordinated circRNA biogenesis and function with NF90\/NF110 in viral infection. Mol Cell 67:214-227.e217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.023","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"4119_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01017-21","volume":"12","author":"Z Qu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qu Z, Meng F, Shi J, Deng G, Zeng X, Ge J, Li Y, Liu L, Chen P, Jiang Y et al (2021) A novel intronic circular RNA antagonizes influenza virus by absorbing a microRNA that degrades CREBBP and accelerating IFN-\u03b2 production. MBio 12:e0101721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.01017-21","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"4119_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.01.014","volume":"529","author":"JT Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang JT, Chen JN, Gong LP, Bi YH, Liang J, Zhou L, He D, Shao CK (2019) Identification of virus-encoded circular RNA. Virology 529:144\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2019.01.014","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"4119_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.670542","volume":"12","author":"T Tagawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tagawa T, Oh D, Santos J, Dremel S, Mahesh G, Uldrick TS, Yarchoan R, Kopard\u00e9 VN, Ziegelbauer JM (2021) Characterizing expression and regulation of gamma-herpesviral circular RNAs. Front Microbiol 12:670542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.670542","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4119_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.657036","volume":"12","author":"J Avilala","year":"2021","unstructured":"Avilala J, Becnel D, Abdelghani R, Nanbo A, Kahn J, Li L, Lin Z (2021) Role of virally encoded circular RNAs in the pathogenicity of human oncogenic viruses. Front Microbiol 12:657036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.657036","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4119_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaa334","volume":"22","author":"Z Cai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cai Z, Lu C, He J, Liu L, Zou Y, Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Ge X, Wu A, Jiang T et al (2021) Identification and characterization of circRNAs encoded by MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Brief Bioinform 22:1297\u20131308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bib\/bbaa334","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"4119_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.12.07.415422","author":"S Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang S, Zhou H, Cruz-Cosme R, Liu M, Xu J, Niu X, Li Y, Xiao L, Wang Q, Zhu H et al (2020) Circular RNA profiling reveals abundant and diverse circRNAs of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV origin. bioRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.12.07.415422","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"4119_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.104923","volume":"93","author":"M Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang M, Qi M, Xu L, Huang P, Wang X, Sun J, Shi J, Hu Y (2021) Differential host circRNA expression profiles in human lung epithelial cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. Infect Genet Evol 93:104923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.104923","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"4119_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7991","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86134-0","volume":"11","author":"Y Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu Y, Zhao T, Deng R, Xia X, Li B, Wang X (2021) A study of differential circRNA and lncRNA expressions in COVID-19-infected peripheral blood. Sci Rep 11:7991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-86134-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4119_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1515\/jib-2020-0047","volume":"18","author":"YM Demirci","year":"2021","unstructured":"Demirci YM, Sa\u00e7arDemirci MD (2021) Circular RNA-MicroRNA-MRNA interaction predictions in SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Integr Bioinform 18:45\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jib-2020-0047","journal-title":"J Integr Bioinform"},{"key":"4119_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.116.142711","volume":"95","author":"R Battaglia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Battaglia R, Vento ME, Ragusa M, Barbagallo D, La Ferlita A, Di Emidio G, Borz\u00ed P, Artini PG, Scollo P, Tatone C et al (2016) MicroRNAs are stored in human MII oocyte and their expression profile changes in reproductive aging. Biol Reprod 95:131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.116.142711","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"4119_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaa052","volume":"22","author":"Z Cai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cai Z, Fan Y, Zhang Z, Lu C, Zhu Z, Jiang T, Shan T, Peng Y (2021) VirusCircBase: a database of virus circular RNAs. Brief Bioinform 22:2182\u20132190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bib\/bbaa052","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"4119_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbx014","volume":"19","author":"Y Gao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gao Y, Zhang J, Zhao F (2018) Circular RNA identification based on multiple seed matching. Brief Bioinform 19:803\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bib\/bbx014","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"4119_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.10.062","volume":"9","author":"JO Westholm","year":"2014","unstructured":"Westholm JO, Miura P, Olson S, Shenker S, Joseph B, Sanfilippo P, Celniker SE, Graveley BR, Lai EC (2014) Genome-wide analysis of drosophila circular RNAs reveals their structural and sequence properties and age-dependent neural accumulation. Cell Rep 9:1966\u20131980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.10.062","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"4119_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw318","volume":"32","author":"J Ding","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ding J, Li X, Hu H (2016) TarPmiR: a new approach for microRNA target site prediction. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 32:2768\u20132775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw318","journal-title":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"4119_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-019-2966-3","volume":"20","author":"YC Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin YC, Lee YC, Chang KL, Hsiao KY (2019) Analysis of common targets for circular RNAs. BMC Bioinform 20:372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12859-019-2966-3","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform"},{"key":"4119_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6433-8_6","volume":"1490","author":"S Kanoria","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kanoria S, Rennie W, Liu C, Carmack CS, Lu J, Ding Y (2016) STarMir Tools for Prediction of microRNA Binding Sites. Methods Mol Biol (Clifton NJ) 1490:73\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-6433-8_6","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol (Clifton NJ)"},{"key":"4119_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D68","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1181","volume":"42","author":"A Kozomara","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kozomara A, Griffiths-Jones S (2014) miRBase: annotating high confidence microRNAs using deep sequencing data. Nucleic Acids Res 42:D68-73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkt1181","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4119_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1608","volume":"8","author":"S Kishore","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kishore S, Jaskiewicz L, Burger L, Hausser J, Khorshid M, Zavolan M (2011) A quantitative analysis of CLIP methods for identifying binding sites of RNA-binding proteins. Nat Methods 8:559\u2013564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.1608","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"4119_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W460","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv403","volume":"43","author":"IS Vlachos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vlachos IS, Zagganas K, Paraskevopoulou MD, Georgakilas G, Karagkouni D, Vergoulis T, Dalamagas T, Hatzigeorgiou AG (2015) DIANA-miRPath v3.0: deciphering microRNA function with experimental support. Nucleic acids Res 43:W460-466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkv403","journal-title":"Nucleic acids Res"},{"key":"4119_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2188-x","volume":"580","author":"K Luck","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luck K, Kim DK, Lambourne L, Spirohn K, Begg BE, Bian W, Brignall R, Cafarelli T, Campos-Laborie FJ, Charloteaux B et al (2020) A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 580:402\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2188-x","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4119_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303","volume":"13","author":"P Shannon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shannon P, Markiel A, Ozier O, Baliga NS, Wang JT, Ramage D, Amin N, Schwikowski B, Ideker T (2003) Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res 13:2498\u20132504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gr.1239303","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"4119_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W191","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz369","volume":"47","author":"U Raudvere","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raudvere U, Kolberg L, Kuzmin I, Arak T, Adler P, Peterson H, Vilo J (2019) g:Profiler: a web server for functional enrichment analysis and conversions of gene lists (2019 update). Nucleic Acids Res 47:W191-w198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkz369","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4119_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-8-s4-s11","volume":"8","author":"CH Chin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chin CH, Chen SH, Wu HH, Ho CW, Ko MT, Lin CY (2014) cytoHubba: identifying hub objects and sub-networks from complex interactome. BMC Syst Biol 8(4):S11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1752-0509-8-s4-s11","journal-title":"BMC Syst Biol"},{"key":"4119_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods (San Diego, California) 25:402\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","journal-title":"Methods (San Diego, California)"},{"key":"4119_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4488","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15639","volume":"288","author":"KE Tan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tan KE, Lim YY (2021) Viruses join the circular RNA world. FEBS J 288:4488\u20134502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/febs.15639","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"4119_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E8737","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1811728115","volume":"115","author":"T Toptan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Toptan T, Abere B, Nalesnik MA, Swerdlow SH, Ranganathan S, Lee N, Shair KH, Moore PS, Chang Y (2018) Circular DNA tumor viruses make circular RNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115:E8737-e8745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1811728115","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4119_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03059-20","author":"B Abere","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abere B, Zhou H, Li J, Cao S, Toptan T, Grundhoff A, Fischer N, Moore PS, Chang Y (2020) Merkel cell polyomavirus encodes circular RNAs (circRNAs) enabling a dynamic circRNA\/microRNA\/mRNA regulatory network. MBio. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.03059-20","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"4119_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12805","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1816183115","volume":"115","author":"T Tagawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tagawa T, Gao S, Koparde VN, Gonzalez M, Spouge JL, Serqui\u00f1a AP, Lurain K, Ramaswami R, Uldrick TS, Yarchoan R et al (2018) Discovery of Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma herpesvirus-encoded circular RNAs and a human antiviral circular RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115:12805\u201312810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1816183115","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4119_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01952-18","author":"NA Ungerleider","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ungerleider NA, Jain V, Wang Y, Maness NJ, Blair RV, Alvarez X, Midkiff C, Kolson D, Bai S, Roberts C et al (2019) Comparative analysis of gammaherpesvirus circular RNA repertoires: conserved and unique viral circular RNAs. J Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.01952-18","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"4119_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00097","volume":"10","author":"S Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu S, Zhu N, Guo W, Wang X, Li K, Yan J, Jiang C, Han S, Xiang H, Wu X et al (2020) RNA-Seq Revealed a circular RNA-microRNA-mRNA regulatory network in hantaan virus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 10:97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00097","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"4119_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbab404","author":"M Niu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Niu M, Ju Y, Lin C, Zou Q (2021) Characterizing viral circRNAs and their application in identifying circRNAs in viruses. Brief Bioinform. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bib\/bbab404","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"4119_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007206","volume":"14","author":"N Ungerleider","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ungerleider N, Concha M, Lin Z, Roberts C, Wang X, Cao S, Baddoo M, Moss WN, Yu Y, Seddon M et al (2018) The Epstein Barr virus circRNAome. PLoS Pathog 14:e1007206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007206","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"4119_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5074","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-20-4321","volume":"81","author":"J Ge","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ge J, Wang J, Xiong F, Jiang X, Zhu K, Wang Y, Mo Y, Gong Z, Zhang S, He Y et al (2021) Epstein-barr virus-encoded circular RNA CircBART2.2 promotes immune escape of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by regulating PD-L1. Cancer Res 81:5074\u20135088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.can-20-4321","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"4119_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03027-19","author":"B Abere","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abere B, Li J, Zhou H, Toptan T, Moore PS, Chang Y (2020) Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded circRNAs are expressed in infected tumor tissues and are incorporated into virions. MBio. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.03027-19","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"4119_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2105968118","author":"L Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang L, Richards A, Barrasa MI, Hughes SH, Young RA, Jaenisch R (2021) Reverse-transcribed SARS-CoV-2 RNA can integrate into the genome of cultured human cells and can be expressed in patient-derived tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2105968118","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4119_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.609160","volume":"11","author":"Y Yin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yin Y, Liu XZ, He X, Zhou LQ (2021) Exogenous coronavirus interacts with endogenous retrotransposon in human cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 11:609160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.609160","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"4119_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2109066118","author":"R Parry","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parry R, Gifford RJ, Lytras S, Ray SC, Coin LJM (2021) No evidence of SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription and integration as the origin of chimeric transcripts in patient tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2109066118","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4119_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18691","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M602030200","volume":"281","author":"SH Back","year":"2006","unstructured":"Back SH, Lee K, Vink E, Kaufman RJ (2006) Cytoplasmic IRE1alpha-mediated XBP1 mRNA splicing in the absence of nuclear processing and endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Biol Chem 281:18691\u201318706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M602030200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4119_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.06.015","volume":"122","author":"MM Denis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Denis MM, Tolley ND, Bunting M, Schwertz H, Jiang H, Lindemann S, Yost CC, Rubner FJ, Albertine KH, Swoboda KJ et al (2005) Escaping the nuclear confines: signal-dependent pre-mRNA splicing in anucleate platelets. Cell 122:379\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2005.06.015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4119_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2020.1844802,1-8","author":"A Belter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Belter A, Popenda M, Sajek M, Wo\u017aniak T, Naskr\u0119t-Barciszewska MZ, Szachniuk M, Jurga S, Barciszewski J (2020) A new molecular mechanism of RNA circularization and the microRNA sponge formation. J Biomol Struct Dyn. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07391102.2020.1844802,1-8","journal-title":"J Biomol Struct Dyn"},{"key":"4119_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2014.00249","volume":"5","author":"S Ghosal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghosal S, Das S, Sen R, Chakrabarti J (2014) HumanViCe: host ceRNA network in virus infected cells in human. Front Genet 5:249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2014.00249","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"4119_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.029561.111","volume":"18","author":"JE Robson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Robson JE, Eaton SA, Underhill P, Williams D, Peters J (2012) MicroRNAs 296 and 298 are imprinted and part of the GNAS\/Gnas cluster and miR-296 targets IKBKE and Tmed9. RNA (New York, NY) 18:135\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1261\/rna.029561.111","journal-title":"RNA (New York, NY)"},{"key":"4119_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-62","volume":"14","author":"D Barbagallo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barbagallo D, Piro S, Condorelli AG, Mascali LG, Urbano F, Parrinello N, Monello A, Statello L, Ragusa M, Rabuazzo AM et al (2013) miR-296-3p, miR-298-5p and their downstream networks are causally involved in the higher resistance of mammalian pancreatic \u03b1 cells to cytokine-induced apoptosis as compared to \u03b2 cells. BMC Genom 14:62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2164-14-62","journal-title":"BMC Genom"},{"key":"4119_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11111354","author":"JB Pierce","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pierce JB, Simion V, Icli B, P\u00e9rez-Cremades D, Cheng HS, Feinberg MW (2020) Computational analysis of targeting SARS-CoV-2, viral entry proteins ACE2 and TMPRSS2, and interferon genes by host microRNAs. Genes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes11111354","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"4119_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0610-2","author":"N Chopra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chopra N, Wang R, Maloney B, Nho K, Beck JS, Pourshafie N, Niculescu A, Saykin AJ, Rinaldi C, Counts SE et al (2020) MicroRNA-298 reduces levels of human amyloid-\u03b2 precursor protein (APP), \u03b2-site APP-converting enzyme 1 (BACE1) and specific tau protein moieties. Mol Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-019-0610-2","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4119_CR75","first-page":"3420","volume":"8","author":"H Zhao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao H, Zhao D, Tan G, Liu Y, Zhuang L, Liu T (2015) Bufalin promotes apoptosis of gastric cancer by down-regulation of miR-298 targeting bax. Int J Clin Exp Med 8:3420\u20133428","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"4119_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4335","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29310","volume":"235","author":"Z Arabsorkhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arabsorkhi Z, Gharib E, YaghmoorianKhojini J, Farhadieh ME, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Zali MR (2020) miR-298 plays a pivotal role in colon cancer invasiveness by targeting PTEN. J Cell Physiol 235:4335\u20134350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.29310","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"4119_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6453","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.9.6453","volume":"275","author":"R Brenner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brenner R, Jegla TJ, Wickenden A, Liu Y, Aldrich RW (2000) Cloning and functional characterization of novel large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel beta subunits, hKCNMB3 and hKCNMB4. J Biol Chem 275:6453\u20136461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.275.9.6453","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4119_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.200509436","volume":"127","author":"B Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang B, Rothberg BS, Brenner R (2006) Mechanism of beta4 subunit modulation of BK channels. J Gen Physiol 127:449\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1085\/jgp.200509436","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"key":"4119_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.0c00219","volume":"4","author":"CC Danta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Danta CC (2021) SARS-CoV-2, hypoxia, and calcium signaling: the consequences and therapeutic options. ACS pharmacol Transl Sci 4:400\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsptsci.0c00219","journal-title":"ACS pharmacol Transl Sci"},{"key":"4119_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3411","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.692673","volume":"291","author":"S Hover","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hover S, King B, Hall B, Loundras EA, Taqi H, Daly J, Dallas M, Peers C, Schnettler E, McKimmie C et al (2016) Modulation of potassium channels inhibits bunyavirus infection. J Biol Chem 291:3411\u20133422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M115.692673","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4119_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9937","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.002494","volume":"293","author":"EK Punch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Punch EK, Hover S, Blest HTW, Fuller J, Hewson R, Fontana J, Mankouri J, Barr JN (2018) Potassium is a trigger for conformational change in the fusion spike of an enveloped RNA virus. J Biol Chem 293:9937\u20139944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.RA118.002494","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"37","key":"4119_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2020.100753","volume":"2020","author":"ME Tezcan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tezcan ME, DoganGokce G, Sen N, ZorlutunaKaymak N, Ozer RSB (2019) Baseline electrolyte abnormalities would be related to poor prognosis in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients. New Microbes New Infect 2020(37):100753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nmni.2020.100753","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"4119_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.04.003","volume":"98","author":"H Su","year":"2020","unstructured":"Su H, Yang M, Wan C, Yi LX, Tang F, Zhu HY, Yi F, Yang HC, Fogo AB, Nie X et al (2020) Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China. Kidney Int 98:219\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2020.04.003","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"4119_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2262,e2262","author":"M Noori","year":"2021","unstructured":"Noori M, Nejadghaderi SA, Sullman MJM, Carson-Chahhoud K, Kolahi AA, Safiri S (2021) Epidemiology, prognosis and management of potassium disorders in Covid-19. Rev Med Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rmv.2262,e2262","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"4119_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6589com","volume":"21","author":"M Liu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liu M, Yang Y, Gu C, Yue Y, Wu KK, Wu J, Zhu Y (2007) Spike protein of SARS-CoV stimulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression via both calcium-dependent and calcium-independent protein kinase C pathways. FASEB J 21:1586\u20131596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.06-6589com","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"4119_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.09.24.312769","author":"JS Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen JS, Alfajaro MM, Wei J, Chow RD, Filler RB, Eisenbarth SC, Wilen CB (2020) Cyclooxgenase-2 is induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection but does not affect viral entry or replication. bioRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.09.24.312769","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"4119_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6944","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.15.6944","volume":"90","author":"C Wang","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wang C, Constantinescu SN, MacEwan DJ, Strulovici B, Dekker LV, Parker PJ, Pfeffer LM (1993) Interferon alpha induces protein kinase C-epsilon (PKC-epsilon) gene expression and a 4.7-kb PKC-epsilon-related transcript. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:6944\u20136948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.90.15.6944","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4119_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201241","author":"B Israelow","year":"2020","unstructured":"Israelow B, Song E, Mao T, Lu P, Meir A, Liu F, Alfajaro MM, Wei J, Dong H, Homer RJ et al (2020) Mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 reveals inflammatory role of type I interferon signaling. J Exp Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20201241","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"4119_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00259","volume":"8","author":"S Makris","year":"2017","unstructured":"Makris S, Paulsen M, Johansson C (2017) Type I Interferons as Regulators of Lung Inflammation. Front Immunol 8:259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00259","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4119_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1850183","volume":"9","author":"C Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li C, Chu H, Liu X, Chiu MC, Zhao X, Wang D, Wei Y, Hou Y, Shuai H, Cai J et al (2020) Human coronavirus dependency on host heat shock protein 90 reveals an antiviral target. Emerg Microbes Infect 9:2663\u20132672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/22221751.2020.1850183","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"4119_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102151","volume":"24","author":"E Wyler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wyler E, M\u00f6sbauer K, Franke V, Diag A, Gottula LT, Arsi\u00e8 R, Klironomos F, Koppstein D, H\u00f6nzke K, Ayoub S et al (2021) Transcriptomic profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infected human cell lines identifies HSP90 as target for COVID-19 therapy. Science 24:102151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102151","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4119_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.10.004","volume":"183","author":"AK Banerjee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Banerjee AK, Blanco MR, Bruce EA, Honson DD, Chen LM, Chow A, Bhat P, Ollikainen N, Quinodoz SA, Loney C et al (2020) SARS-CoV-2 disrupts splicing, translation, and protein trafficking to suppress host defenses. Cell 183:1325-1339.e1321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2020.10.004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4119_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2147\/jir.s271292","volume":"14","author":"MA Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan MA, Khan ZA, Charles M, Pratap P, Naeem A, Siddiqui Z, Naqvi N, Srivastava S (2021) Cytokine storm and mucus hypersecretion in COVID-19: review of mechanisms. J Inflamm Res 14:175\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/jir.s271292","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"4119_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.05.15.444128","author":"S Saul","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saul S, Karim M, Huang PT, Ghita L, Chiu W, Kumar S, Bhalla N, Leyssen P, Cohen CA, Huie K et al (2021) Discovery of pan-ErbB inhibitors protecting from SARS-CoV-2 replication, inflammation, and lung injury by a drug repurposing screen. bioRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.05.15.444128","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"4119_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.08.006","volume":"80","author":"K Klann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Klann K, Bojkova D, Tascher G, Ciesek S, M\u00fcnch C, Cinatl J (2020) Growth factor receptor signaling inhibition prevents SARS-CoV-2 replication. Mol Cell 80:164-174.e164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.08.006","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"4119_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9279","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00659-06","volume":"80","author":"CP Chan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chan CP, Siu KL, Chin KT, Yuen KY, Zheng B, Jin DY (2006) Modulation of the unfolded protein response by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein. J Virol 80:9279\u20139287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.00659-06","journal-title":"J Virol"}],"container-title":["Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00018-021-04119-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00018-021-04119-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00018-021-04119-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T20:04:48Z","timestamp":1647374688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00018-021-04119-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["4119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-021-04119-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-682X","1420-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-682X","type":"print"},{"value":"1420-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 December 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 December 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"75"}}