{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:49:14Z","timestamp":1790401754516,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell. Mol. Life Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04570-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T07:06:51Z","timestamp":1666249611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Arl13b controls basal cell stemness properties and Hedgehog signaling in the mouse epididymis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Girardet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Cyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9284-9420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9mence","family":"Belleann\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"4570_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s43159-021-00111-w","volume":"17","author":"SM Abdelmohsen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdelmohsen SM, Osman MA, Takrouney MH, El Debeiky M, Hassan ABG, Shalaby MMAE-A, Baky Fahmy MA (2021) A spectrum of epididymis and vas deferens anomalies among children with cryptorchidism: a retrospective multi-center study. Ann Pediatr Surg 17:55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43159-021-00111-w","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"4570_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0640069","volume":"64","author":"K Abe","year":"1982","unstructured":"Abe K, Takano H, Ito T (1982) Response of the epididymal duct in the corpus epididymidis to efferent or epididymal duct ligation in the mouse. J Reprod Fertil 64:69\u201372","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"4570_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioz171","volume":"102","author":"R Aram","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aram R, Chan PTK, Cyr DG (2020) Beta-defensin126 is correlated with sperm motility in fertile and infertile men\u2020. Biol Reprod 102:92\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioz171","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"4570_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2012.10.003","volume":"45","author":"S Arrighi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arrighi S (2013) Primary cilia in the basal cells of equine epididymis: a serendipitous finding. Tissue Cell 45:140\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tice.2012.10.003","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"4570_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3091","volume":"17","author":"FK Bangs","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bangs FK, Schrode N, Hadjantonakis A-K, Anderson KV (2015) Lineage specificity of primary cilia in the mouse embryo. Nat Cell Biol 17:113\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncb3091","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"4570_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21354","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1218272110","volume":"109","author":"DC Barral","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barral DC, Garg S, Casalou C, Watts GFM, Sandoval JL, Ramalho JS, Hsu VW, Brenner MB (2012) Arl13b regulates endocytic recycling traffic. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:21354\u201321359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1218272110","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4570_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.11.033","volume":"51","author":"R Belgacemi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Belgacemi R, Luczka E, Ancel J, Diabasana Z, Perotin J-M, Germain A, Lalun N, Birembaut P, Dubernard X, M\u00e9rol J-C et al (2020) Airway epithelial cell differentiation relies on deficient Hedgehog signalling in COPD. EBioMedicine 51:102572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.11.033","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"4570_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey276","volume":"33","author":"A Bernet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bernet A, Bastien A, Soulet D, Jerczynski O, Roy C, Bianchi-Rodrigues-Alves M, Lecours C, Tremblay M-\u00c8, Bailey JL, Robert C et al (2018) Cell-lineage specificity of primary cilia during postnatal epididymal development. Hum Reprod 33:1829\u20131838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dey276","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"4570_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.03.013","volume":"427","author":"I Bj\u00f6rkgren","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rkgren I, Alvarez L, Blank N, Balbach M, Turunen H, Laajala TD, Toivanen J, Krutskikh A, Wahlberg N, Huhtaniemi I et al (2016) Targeted inactivation of the mouse epididymal beta-defensin 41 alters sperm flagellar beat pattern and zona pellucida binding. Mol Cell Endocrinol 427:143\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2016.03.013","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"29","key":"4570_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14630","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715272116","volume":"116","author":"KE Boonekamp","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boonekamp KE, Kretzschmar K, Wiener DJ, Asra P, Derakhshan S, Puschhof J, L\u00f3pez-Iglesias C, Peters PJ, Basak O, Clevers H (2019) Long-term expansion and differentiation of adult murine epidermal stem cells in 3D organoid cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 116(29):14630-14638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1715272116","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4570_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2007.03.004","volume":"12","author":"T Caspary","year":"2007","unstructured":"Caspary T, Larkins CE, Anderson KV (2007) The graded response to Sonic Hedgehog depends on cilia architecture. Dev Cell 12:767\u2013778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.devcel.2007.03.004","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"4570_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19880815","volume":"28","author":"M van de Casseye","year":"1988","unstructured":"van de Casseye M, Schoysman R (1988) Epididymal diseases and repercussions on testicular function. Reprod Nutr Dev 28:1347\u20131356","journal-title":"Reprod Nutr Dev"},{"key":"4570_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2632-y","volume":"584","author":"A Centonze","year":"2020","unstructured":"Centonze A, Lin S, Tika E, Sifrim A, Fioramonti M, Malfait M, Song Y, Wuidart A, Van Herck J, Dannau A et al (2020) Heterotypic cell-cell communication regulates glandular stem cell multipotency. Nature 584:608\u2013613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2632-y","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4570_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200908133","volume":"188","author":"S Cevik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cevik S, Hori Y, Kaplan OI, Kida K, Toivenon T, Foley-Fisher C, Cottell D, Katada T, Kontani K, Blacque OE (2010) Joubert syndrome Arl13b functions at ciliary membranes and stabilizes protein transport in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Cell Biol 188:953\u2013969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.200908133","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"4570_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.060210","volume":"138","author":"MJ Croyle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Croyle MJ, Lehman JM, O\u2019Connor AK, Wong SY, Malarkey EB, Iribarne D, Dowdle WE, Schoeb TR, Verney ZM, Athar M et al (2011) Role of epidermal primary cilia in the homeostasis of skin and hair follicles. Development 138:1675\u20131685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.060210","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"4570_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2022.07.001","volume":"112","author":"DG Cyr","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cyr DG, Pinel L (2022) Emerging organoid models to study the epididymis in male reproductive toxicology. Reprod Toxicol 112:88-99. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2022.07.001","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"4570_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2018.08.013","volume":"81","author":"DG Cyr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cyr DG, Dufresne J, Gregory M (2018) Cellular junctions in the epididymis, a critical parameter for understanding male reproductive toxicology. Reprod Toxicol 81:207\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2018.08.013","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"4570_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2828","volume":"15","author":"A Das","year":"2013","unstructured":"Das A, Tanigawa S, Karner CM, Xin M, Lum L, Chen C, Olson EN, Perantoni AO, Carroll TJ (2013) Stromal-epithelial crosstalk regulates kidney progenitor cell differentiation. Nat Cell Biol 15:1035\u20131044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncb2828","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"4570_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2018.03.019","volume":"437","author":"ED Gigante","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gigante ED, Long AB, Ben-Ami J, Caspary T (2018) Hypomorphic Smo mutant with inefficient ciliary enrichment disrupts the highest level of vertebrate Hedgehog response. Dev Biol 437:152\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ydbio.2018.03.019","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"4570_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50434","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.50434","volume":"9","author":"ED Gigante","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gigante ED, Taylor MR, Ivanova AA, Kahn RA, Caspary T (2020) ARL13B regulates Sonic hedgehog signaling from outside primary cilia. Elife 9:e50434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.50434","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"4570_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12650","author":"L Girardet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Girardet L, Augi\u00e8re C, Asselin M-P, Belleann\u00e9e C (2019) Primary cilia: biosensors of the male reproductive tract. Andrology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12650","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"4570_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7593","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000328R","volume":"34","author":"L Girardet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Girardet L, Bernet A, Calvo E, Soulet D, Joly-Beauparlant C, Droit A, Cyr DG, Belleann\u00e9e C (2020) Hedgehog signaling pathway regulates gene expression profile of epididymal principal cells through the primary cilium. FASEB J 34:7593\u20137609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.202000328R","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"4570_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2774","volume":"11","author":"SC Goetz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goetz SC, Anderson KV (2010) The primary cilium: a signalling centre during vertebrate development. Nat Rev Genet 11:331\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrg2774","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"4570_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.2.7975","volume":"142","author":"M Gregory","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gregory M, Dufresne J, Hermo L, Cyr D (2001) Claudin-1 is not restricted to tight junctions in the rat epididymis. Endocrinology 142(2):854-863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endo.142.2.7975","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"4570_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.132704","volume":"143","author":"L Grisanti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grisanti L, Revenkova E, Gordon RE, Iomini C (2016) Primary cilia maintain corneal epithelial homeostasis by regulation of the Notch signaling pathway. Development 143:2160\u20132171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.132704","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"4570_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E10532","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711534114","volume":"114","author":"VJ Guen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guen VJ, Chavarria TE, Kr\u00f6ger C, Ye X, Weinberg RA, Lees JA (2017) EMT programs promote basal mammary stem cell and tumor-initiating cell stemness by inducing primary ciliogenesis and Hedgehog signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114:E10532\u2013E10539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1711534114","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4570_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2007.00819.x","volume":"40","author":"G Haidl","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haidl G, Allam JP, Schuppe H-C (2008) Chronic epididymitis: impact on semen parameters and therapeutic options. Andrologia 40:92\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2007.00819.x","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"4570_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2019.04.019","volume":"12","author":"M Hanoun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hanoun M, Arnal-Estap\u00e9 A, Maryanovich M, Zahalka AH, Bergren SK, Chua CW, Leftin A, Brodin PN, Shen MM, Guha C et al (2019) Nestin+NG2+ cells form a reserve stem cell population in the mouse prostate. Stem Cell Reports 12:1201\u20131211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stemcr.2019.04.019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"4570_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068521","volume":"8","author":"NB Hassounah","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hassounah NB, Nagle R, Saboda K, Roe DJ, Dalkin BL, McDermott KM (2013) Primary cilia are lost in preinvasive and invasive prostate cancer. PLoS ONE 8:e68521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0068521","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4570_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3451","volume":"16","author":"H Higginbotham","year":"2013","unstructured":"Higginbotham H, Guo J, Yokota Y, Umberger NL, Su C-Y, Li J, Verma N, Hirt J, Ghukasyan V, Caspary T et al (2013) Arl13b-regulated cilia activities are essential for polarized radial glial scaffold formation. Nat Neurosci 16:1000\u20131007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.3451","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"4570_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19691","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1210916109","volume":"109","author":"MC Humbert","year":"2012","unstructured":"Humbert MC, Weihbrecht K, Searby CC, Li Y, Pope RM, Sheffield VC, Seo S (2012) ARL13B, PDE6D, and CEP164 form a functional network for INPP5E ciliary targeting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:19691\u201319696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1210916109","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4570_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13761","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1708-15.2015","volume":"35","author":"AM Joiner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Joiner AM, Green WW, McIntyre JC, Allen BL, Schwob JE, Martens JR (2015) Primary cilia on horizontal basal cells regulate regeneration of the olfactory epithelium. J Neurosci 35:13761\u201313772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1708-15.2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"4570_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioz152","volume":"102","author":"B Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim B, Breton S (2020) Androgens are essential for epithelial cell recovery after efferent duct ligation in the initial segment of the mouse epididymis\u2020. Biol Reprod 102:76\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioz152","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"4570_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.123943","volume":"92","author":"B Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim B, Roy J, Shum WWC, Da Silva N, Breton S (2015) Role of testicular luminal factors on Basal cell elongation and proliferation in the mouse epididymis. Biol Reprod 92:9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.114.123943","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"4570_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.067","volume":"175","author":"J Kinchen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kinchen J, Chen HH, Parikh K, Antanaviciute A, Jagielowicz M, Fawkner-Corbett D, Ashley N, Cubitt L, Mellado-Gomez E, Attar M et al (2018) Structural remodeling of the human colonic mesenchyme in inflammatory bowel disease. Cell 175:372-386.e17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.067","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4570_CR36","first-page":"634","volume":"10","author":"KW Kinzler","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B (1990) The GLI gene encodes a nuclear protein which binds specific sequences in the human genome. Mol Cell Biol 10:634\u2013642","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"4570_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.166892","author":"JH Kong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kong JH, Siebold C, Rohatgi R (2019) Biochemical mechanisms of vertebrate hedgehog signaling. Development. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.166892","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"4570_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4694","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E10-12-0994","volume":"22","author":"CE Larkins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Larkins CE, Aviles GDG, East MP, Kahn RA, Caspary T (2011) Arl13b regulates ciliogenesis and the dynamic localization of Shh signaling proteins. Mol Biol Cell 22:4694\u20134703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1091\/mbc.E10-12-0994","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"4570_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10547","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.003255","volume":"293","author":"Q Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li Q, Alsaidan OA, Rai S, Wu M, Shen H, Beharry Z, Almada LL, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Wang L, Cai H (2018) Stromal Gli signaling regulates the activity and differentiation of prostate stem and progenitor cells. J Biol Chem 293:10547\u201310560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.RA118.003255","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4570_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3628","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015091004","volume":"27","author":"Y Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li Y, Tian X, Ma M, Jerman S, Kong S, Somlo S, Sun Z (2016) Deletion of ADP ribosylation factor-like GTPase 13B leads to kidney cysts. J Am Soc Nephrol 27:3628\u20133638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2015091004","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"4570_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(03)00561-0","volume":"39","author":"R Machold","year":"2003","unstructured":"Machold R, Hayashi S, Rutlin M, Muzumdar MD, Nery S, Corbin JG, Gritli-Linde A, Dellovade T, Porter JA, Rubin LL et al (2003) Sonic hedgehog is required for progenitor cell maintenance in telencephalic stem cell niches. Neuron 39:937\u2013950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0896-6273(03)00561-0","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"4570_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.115.133967","author":"M Mandon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mandon M, Hermo L, Cyr DG (2015) Isolated rat epididymal basal cells share common properties with adult stem cells1. Biol Reprod. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.115.133967","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"4570_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E16-03-0189","author":"LE Mariani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mariani LE, Bijlsma MF, Ivanova AA, Suciu SK, Kahn RA, Caspary T (2016) Arl13b regulates Shh signaling from both inside and outside the cilium. Mol Biol Cell. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1091\/mbc.E16-03-0189","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"issue":"54","key":"4570_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2010.00373.x","volume":"2000","author":"TS McCormick","year":"2010","unstructured":"McCormick TS, Weinberg A (2010) Epithelial cell-derived antimicrobial peptides are multifunctional agents that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Periodontol 2000(54):195\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2010.00373.x","journal-title":"Periodontol"},{"key":"4570_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3072","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03072","volume":"9","author":"KG Meade","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meade KG, O\u2019Farrelly C (2019) \u03b2-defensins: farming the microbiome for homeostasis and health. Front Immunol 9:3072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03072","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4570_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-2530-3-4","volume":"3","author":"EH Mitchell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mitchell EH, Serra R (2014) Normal mammary development and function in mice with Ift88 deleted in MMTV- and K14-Cre expressing cells. Cilia 3:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2046-2530-3-4","journal-title":"Cilia"},{"issue":"2","key":"4570_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.05.012","volume":"19","author":"H Mou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mou H, Vinarsky V, Tata PR, Brazauskas K, Choi SH, Crooke AK, Zhang B, Solomon GM, Turner B, Bihler H, Harrington J, Lapey A, Channick C, Keyes C, Freund A, Artandi S, Mense M, Rowe S, Engelhardt JF, Hsu YC, Rajagopal J (2016) Dual SMAD signaling inhibition enables long-term expansion of diverse epithelial basal cells. Cell Stem Cell 19(2):217-231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2016.05.012","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"4570_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.116.138719","volume":"95","author":"F Narciandi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Narciandi F, Fernandez-Fuertes B, Khairulzaman I, Jahns H, King D, Finlay EK, Mok KH, Fair S, Lonergan P, Farrelly CO et al (2016) Sperm-coating beta-defensin 126 is a dissociation-resistant dimer produced by epididymal epithelium in the bovine reproductive tract. Biol Reprod 95:121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.116.138719","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"4570_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-8-3","volume":"8","author":"TZ Nazari-Shafti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nazari-Shafti TZ, Freisinger E, Roy U, Bulot CT, Senst C, Dupin CL, Chaffin AE, Srivastava SK, Mondal D, Alt EU et al (2011) Mesenchymal stem cell derived hematopoietic cells are permissive to HIV-1 infection. Retrovirology 8:3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1742-4690-8-3","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"4570_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2345","volume":"13","author":"EA Nigg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nigg EA, Stearns T (2011) The centrosome cycle: centriole biogenesis, duplication and inherent asymmetries. Nat Cell Biol 13:1154\u20131160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncb2345","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"4570_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4417","volume":"234","author":"G Ning","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ning G, Bijron JG, Yamamoto Y, Wang X, Howitt BE, Herfs M, Yang E, Hong Y, Cornille M, Wu L et al (2014) The PAX2-null immunophenotype defines multiple lineages with common expression signatures in benign and neoplastic oviductal epithelium. J Pathol 234:478\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.4417","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"4570_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.197004","volume":"130","author":"S Nozaki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nozaki S, Katoh Y, Terada M, Michisaka S, Funabashi T, Takahashi S, Kontani K, Nakayama K (2017) Regulation of ciliary retrograde protein trafficking by the Joubert syndrome proteins ARL13B and INPP5E. J Cell Sci 130:563\u2013576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jcs.197004","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"4570_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112272","author":"R Pala","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pala R, Alomari N, Nauli SM (2017) Primary cilium-dependent signaling mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18112272","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4570_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","volume":"29","author":"MW Pfaffl","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pfaffl MW (2001) A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 29:e45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4570_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioab113","volume":"105","author":"L Pinel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pinel L, Cyr DG (2021) Self-renewal and differentiation of rat epididymal basal cells using a novel in vitro organoid model\u2020. Biol Reprod 105:987\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioab113","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"4570_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12635","volume":"7","author":"L Pinel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pinel L, Mandon M, Cyr DG (2019) Tissue regeneration and the epididymal stem cell. Andrology 7:618\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12635","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"4570_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.55474","volume":"9","author":"VD Rinaldi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rinaldi VD, Donnard E, Gellatly K, Rasmussen M, Kucukural A, Yukselen O, Garber M, Sharma U, Rando OJ (2020) An atlas of cell types in the mouse epididymis and vas deferens. Elife 9:e55474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.55474","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"4570_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","volume":"9","author":"J Schindelin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schindelin J, Arganda-Carreras I, Frise E, Kaynig V, Longair M, Pietzsch T, Preibisch S, Rueden C, Saalfeld S, Schmid B et al (2012) Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nat Methods 9:676\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.2019","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"4570_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2017.0339","volume":"114","author":"H-C Schuppe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schuppe H-C, Pilatz A, Hossain H, Diemer T, Wagenlehner F, Weidner W (2017) Urogenital infection as a risk factor for male infertility. Dtsch Arztebl Int 114:339\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2017.0339","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"4570_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2605.1998.00116.x","volume":"21","author":"P Seiler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Seiler P, Wenzel I, Wagenfeld A, Yeung CH, Nieschlag E, Cooper TG (1998) The appearance of basal cells in the developing murine epididymis and their temporal expression of macrophage antigens. Int J Androl 21:217\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2605.1998.00116.x","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"4570_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E15-02-0061","volume":"27","author":"C Seixas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seixas C, Choi SY, Polgar N, Umberger NL, East MP, Zuo X, Moreiras H, Ghossoub R, Benmerah A, Kahn RA et al (2016) Arl13b and the exocyst interact synergistically in ciliogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 27:308\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1091\/mbc.E15-02-0061","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"4570_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.10.020","volume":"135","author":"WWC Shum","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shum WWC, Da Silva N, McKee M, Smith PJS, Brown D, Breton S (2008) Transepithelial projections from basal cells are luminal sensors in pseudostratified epithelia. Cell 135:1108\u20131117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2008.10.020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4570_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20931","volume":"235","author":"A Szczepny","year":"2006","unstructured":"Szczepny A, Hime GR, Loveland KL (2006) Expression of hedgehog signalling components in adult mouse testis. Dev Dyn 235:3063\u20133070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dvdy.20931","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"4570_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E18-12-0820","volume":"30","author":"E Sztul","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sztul E, Chen P-W, Casanova JE, Cherfils J, Dacks JB, Lambright DG, Lee F-JS, Randazzo PA, Santy LC, Sch\u00fcrmann A et al (2019) ARF GTPases and their GEFs and GAPs: concepts and challenges. Mol Biol Cell 30:1249\u20131271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1091\/mbc.E18-12-0820","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"4570_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1628","volume":"60","author":"J Todoric","year":"2011","unstructured":"Todoric J, Strobl B, Jais A, Boucheron N, Bayer M, Amann S, Lindroos J, Teperino R, Prager G, Bilban M et al (2011) Cross-talk between interferon-\u03b3 and hedgehog signaling regulates adipogenesis. Diabetes 60:1668\u20131676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db10-1628","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"4570_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12438","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321425111","volume":"111","author":"CK Tong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tong CK, Han Y-G, Shah JK, Obernier K, Guinto CD, Alvarez-Buylla A (2014) Primary cilia are required in a unique subpopulation of neural progenitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111:12438\u201312443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1321425111","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4570_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.05114","volume":"27","author":"TT Turner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turner TT (2006) Sonic Hedgehog pathway inhibition alters epididymal function as assessed by the development of sperm motility. J Androl 27:225\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2164\/jandrol.05114","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"4570_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02822.x","volume":"25","author":"TT Turner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Turner TT, Bomgardner D, Jacobs JP (2004) Sonic Hedgehog pathway genes are expressed and transcribed in the adult mouse epididymis. J Androl 25:514\u2013522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02822.x","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"4570_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.059493","volume":"77","author":"TT Turner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Turner TT, Johnston DS, Finger JN, Jelinsky SA (2007) Differential gene expression among the proximal segments of the rat epididymis is lost after efferent duct ligation. Biol Reprod 77:165\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.106.059493","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"4570_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1127","volume":"6","author":"CX Zhou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhou CX, Zhang Y-L, Xiao L, Zheng M, Leung KM, Chan MY, Lo PS, Tsang LL, Wong HY, Ho LS et al (2004) An epididymis-specific beta-defensin is important for the initiation of sperm maturation. Nat Cell Biol 6:458\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncb1127","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"4570_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1270","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10091270","volume":"10","author":"M Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu M, Iwano T, Takeda S (2020) Fallopian tube basal stem cells reproducing the epithelial sheets in vitro-stem cell of fallopian epithelium. Biomolecules 10:E1270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom10091270","journal-title":"Biomolecules"}],"container-title":["Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00018-022-04570-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00018-022-04570-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00018-022-04570-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T06:13:42Z","timestamp":1669702422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00018-022-04570-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["4570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-022-04570-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-682X","1420-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-682X","type":"print"},{"value":"1420-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 June 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 October 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All experimental procedures involving mice were approved by the ethical committee of the Institutional Review Board of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec (CHUQ; CPAC licenses 18-029 and 2016051-1, C. Belleann\u00e9e) and were conducted in accordance with the requirements defined by the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Mice were housed and reproduced in the elite animal facility of the CHU de Quebec research Center under a controlled lighting regimen (16 L: 8 D) at 21\u201322\u00a0\u00b0C and supplied with food and water ad libitum. Prior to dissection, animals were sacrificed via CO<sub>2<\/sub> inhalation.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have given consent for publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"556"}}