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Mol. Life Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) are valuable for breeding, germplasm preservation, and genetic modifications. Here, using single-cell transcriptome analysis, we found that three transcriptionally distinct PGC subtypes were exist in chicken embryonic gonads PGCs. We further demonstrated that\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    -cultured PGCs could integrate into recipient gonads via blood vessel injection. Additionally, the gene-modified PGCs could be re-established and integrated into recipient gonads after the PGCs were cultured for long-term use by a second blood-vessel injection. Together, these results provide evidence for substantial heterogeneity among chicken gonadal PGCs, which were previously considered a homogeneous cell population. This diversity could be leveraged to establish and expand PGCs for long-term\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    culture from differentiated gonads.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-026-06331-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T10:45:38Z","timestamp":1784717138000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deciphering the heterogeneity of chicken gonadal primordial germ cells via single-cell RNA sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenghu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaipeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingnan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuangfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duanqing","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8454-6347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengchen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"6331_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.170283jh","volume":"62","author":"YM Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim YM, Han JY (2018) The early development of germ cells in chicken. 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The images or other third-party material in this article are included in the article\u2019s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article\u2019s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit\n                      \n                      .","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Open access","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"387"}}