{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T03:54:12Z","timestamp":1782014052919,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,15]],"date-time":"2016-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,15]],"date-time":"2016-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007197","name":"U.S. Public Health Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01DA024876"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01DA024876"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-016-0818-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,15]],"date-time":"2016-04-15T03:46:16Z","timestamp":1460691976000},"page":"701-708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Predictors of nicotine withdrawal symptoms: findings from the first randomized smoking cessation trial in a low-income country setting"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Ziyad","family":"Ben Taleb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taghrid","family":"Asfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana","family":"Jaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rehab","family":"Auf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wasim","family":"Maziak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"818_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200701705076","volume":"10","author":"SS Allen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Allen SS, Bade T, Hatsukami D, Center B (2008) Craving, withdrawal, and smoking urges on days immediately prior to smoking relapse. Nicotine Tob Res 10:35\u201345. doi:\n                    10.1080\/14622200701705076","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"818_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.32.2.4","volume":"32","author":"T Asfar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Asfar T, Vander Weg MW, Maziak W, Hammal F, Eissenberg T, Ward KD (2008) Outcomes and adherence in Syria\u2019s first smoking cessation trial. Am J Health Behav 32:146\u2013156. doi:\n                    10.5993\/AJHB.32.2.4","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav"},{"key":"818_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.038","volume":"153","author":"Z Ben Taleb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ben\u00a0Taleb Z, Ward KD, Asfar T, Bahelah R, Maziak W (2015) Predictors of adherence to pharmacological and behavioral treatment in a cessation trial among smokers in Aleppo, Syria. Drug Alcohol Depend 153:167\u2013172","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"818_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nts155","volume":"15","author":"LC Bidwell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bidwell LC, Leventhal AM, Tidey JW, Brazil L, Niaura RS, Colby SM (2013) Effects of abstinence in adolescent tobacco smokers: withdrawal symptoms, urge, affect, and cue reactivity. Nicotine Tob Res 15:457\u2013464. doi:\n                    10.1093\/ntr\/nts155","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"818_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.10.5.360","volume":"10","author":"L Biener","year":"1991","unstructured":"Biener L, Abrams DB (1991) The contemplation ladder: validation of a measure of readiness to consider smoking cessation. Health Psychol 10:360\u2013365. doi:\n                    10.1037\/\/0278-6133.10.5.360","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"818_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(90)90042-Q","volume":"31","author":"LS Covey","year":"1990","unstructured":"Covey LS, Glassman AH, Stetner F (1990) Depression and depressive symptoms in smoking cessation. Compr Psychiatry 31:350\u2013354. doi:\n                    10.1016\/0010-440X(90)90042-Q","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"818_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.2.350","volume":"73","author":"R Dar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dar R, Stronguin F, Etter JF (2005) Assigned versus perceived placebo effects in nicotine replacement therapy for smoking reduction in Swiss smokers. J Consult Clin Psychol 73:350. doi:\n                    10.1037\/0022-006X.73.2.350","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"818_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.1159","volume":"25","author":"C Darredeau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Darredeau C, Barrett SP (2011) The role of nicotine content information in smokers\u2019 subjective responses to nicotine and placebo inhalers. Hum Psychopharmacol 25:577\u2013581. doi:\n                    10.1002\/hup.1159","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"818_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.04.009","volume":"35","author":"MC Fiore","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fiore MC, Jaen CR, Baker TB et al (2008) A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. A US Public Health Service report. Am J Prev Med 35:158\u2013176","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"818_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb02629.x","volume":"86","author":"ER Gritz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gritz ER, Carr CR, Marcus AC (1991) The tobacco withdrawal syndrome in unaided quitters. Br J Addict 86:57\u201369. doi:\n                    10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb02629.x","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"key":"818_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.61.5.761","volume":"61","author":"SM Hall","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hall SM, Mu\u00f1oz RF, Reus VI, Sees KL (1992) Nicotine, negative affect, and depression. J Consult Clin Psychol 61:761. doi:\n                    10.1037\/0022-006X.61.5.761","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"818_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2007.020529","volume":"17","author":"F Hammal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hammal F, Mock J, Ward KD, Eissenberg T, Maziak W (2008) A pleasure among friends: how narghile (waterpipe) smoking differs from cigarette smoking in Syria. Tob Control 17:e3","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"818_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x","volume":"86","author":"TF Heatherton","year":"1991","unstructured":"Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerstrom KO (1991) The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. Br J Addict 86:1119\u20131127. doi:\n                    10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"key":"818_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3169-7","volume":"230","author":"PS Hendricks","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hendricks PS, Leventhal AM (2013) Abstinence-related expectancies predict smoking withdrawal effects: implications for possible causal mechanisms. Psychopharmacology 230:363\u2013373. doi:\n                    10.1007\/s00213-013-3169-7","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"818_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntt204","volume":"16","author":"PS Hendricks","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hendricks PS, Delucchi KL, Benowitz NL, Hall SM (2014) Clinical Significance of early Smoking Withdrawal effects and their relationships With Nicotine Metabolism: preliminary results from a pilot Study. Nicotine Tob Res 16:615\u2013620. doi:\n                    10.1093\/ntr\/ntt204","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"818_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200701188919","volume":"2007","author":"JR Hughes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hughes JR (2007) Effects of abstinence from tobacco: valid symptoms and time course. Nicotine Tob Res 2007(9):315\u2013327. doi:\n                    10.1080\/14622200701188919","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"818_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800030107013","volume":"43","author":"JR Hughes","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hughes JR, Hatsukami D (1986) Signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43:289\u2013294. doi:\n                    10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800030107013","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"818_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.7.1.92a","volume":"7","author":"J Hughes","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hughes J, Hatsukami D (1998) Errors in using tobacco withdrawal scale. Tob Control 7:92. doi:\n                    10.1136\/tc.7.1.92a","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"818_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hughes JR, Higgins ST, Hatsukami DK (1990) Effects of abstinence from tobacco: a critical review. In: Kozlowski LT, Annis HM, Cappell HD, et al. (Eds.) Research advances in alcohol and drug problems, pp 317\u2013398. doi:\n                    10.1007\/978-1-4899-1669-3_10","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-1669-3_10"},{"issue":"4","key":"818_CR19","first-page":"403","volume":"8","author":"W Maziak","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maziak W, Eissenberg T, Klesges RC, Keil U, Ward KD (2004) Adapting smoking cessation interventions for developing countries: a model for the Middle East. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 8(4):403\u2013413","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"818_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czt055","volume":"29","author":"W Maziak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maziak W, Nakkash R, Bahelah R, Husseini A, Fanous N, Eissenberg T (2014) Tobacco in the Arab world: old and new epidemics amidst policy paralysis. Health policy plan 29:784\u2013794. doi:\n                    10.1093\/heapol\/czt055","journal-title":"Health policy plan"},{"key":"818_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2007.12.020","volume":"89","author":"HE Morrell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Morrell HE, Cohen LM, Al\u2019Absi M (2008) Physiological and psychological symptoms and predictors in early nicotine withdrawal. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 89:272\u2013278. doi:\n                    10.1016\/j.pbb.2007.12.020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"818_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.20882\/adicciones.4","volume":"26","author":"BP Neiro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Neiro BP, Dur\u00e1n AL, Del R\u00edo EF, Pradeda \u00daM, Brandon TH, Iglesias EB (2014) Craving and nicotine withdrawal in a Spanish smoking cessation sample. Adicciones 26:230\u2013237","journal-title":"Adicciones"},{"key":"818_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.63.1.60","volume":"63","author":"MA Nides","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nides MA, Rakos RF, Gonzales D, Murray RP, Tashkin DP, Bjornson-Benson WM et al (1995) Predictors of initial smoking cessation and relapse through the first 2\u00a0years of the Lung Health Study. J Consult Clin Psychol 63:60\u201369","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"818_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.112.1.14","volume":"112","author":"TM Piasecki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Piasecki TM, Jorenby DE, Smith SS, Fiore MC, Baker TB (2003) Smoking withdrawal dynamics: iI. Improved tests of withdrawal-relapse relations. J Abnorm Psychol 112:14. doi:\n                    10.1037\/0021-843X.112.1.14","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"818_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","volume":"1","author":"LD Radloff","year":"1977","unstructured":"Radloff LD (1977) The CES-D: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1:385\u2013401. doi:\n                    10.1177\/014662167700100306","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas"},{"key":"818_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.60.041707.160511","volume":"60","author":"R Ray","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ray R, Schnoll RA, Lerman C (2009) Nicotine dependence: biology, behavior, and treatment. Annu Rev Med 60:247\u2013260. doi:\n                    10.1146\/annurev.med.60.041707.160511","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"818_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050022","volume":"148","author":"S Shiffman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shiffman S, Johnston JA, Khayrallah M et al (2000) The effect of bupropion on nicotine craving and withdrawal. Psychopharmacology 148:33\u201340. doi:\n                    10.1007\/s002130050022","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"818_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200410001734067","volume":"6","author":"S Shiffman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shiffman S, West RJ, Gilbert DG (2004) Recommendation for the assessment of tobacco craving and withdrawal in smoking cessation trials. Nicotine Tob Res 6:599\u2013614. doi:\n                    10.1080\/14622200410001734067","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"818_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i24","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2005.014860","volume":"15","author":"KD Ward","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ward KD, Eissenberg T, Rastam S et al (2006) The tobacco epidemic in Syria. Tob Control 15:i24\u2013i29. doi:\n                    10.1136\/tc.2005.014860","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"818_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.04048.x","volume":"108","author":"KD Ward","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ward KD, Asfar T, Al Ali R et al (2013) Randomized trial of the effectiveness of combined behavioral\/pharmacological smoking cessation treatment in Syrian primary care clinics. Addiction 108:394\u2013403. doi:\n                    10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.04048.x","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"818_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00432717","volume":"87","author":"RJ West","year":"1985","unstructured":"West RJ, Russell MA (1985) Pre-abstinence smoke intake and smoking motivation as predictors of severity of cigarette withdrawal symptoms. Psychopharmacology 87:334\u2013336. doi:\n                    10.1007\/BF00432717","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"04","key":"818_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700005705","volume":"19","author":"RJ West","year":"1989","unstructured":"West RJ, Hajek P, Belcher M (1989) Severity of withdrawal symptoms as a predictor of outcome of an attempt to quit smoking. Psychol Med 19(04):981\u2013985. doi:\n                    10.1017\/S0033291700005705","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"818_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-1041-3","volume":"197","author":"R West","year":"2008","unstructured":"West R, Baker CL, Cappelleri JC, Bushmakin AG (2008) Effect of varenicline and bupropion SR on craving, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and rewarding effects of smoking during a quit attempt. Psychopharmacology 197(3):371\u2013377. doi:\n                    10.1007\/s00213-007-1041-3","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"818_CR35","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2011) WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic: Warning about the Dangers of Tobacco. Geneva. \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/tobacco\/global_report\/2011\/en\/\n                    \n                  . Accessed March 12, 2015"},{"key":"818_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.2307\/2531734","volume":"44","author":"SL Zeger","year":"1988","unstructured":"Zeger SL, Liang KY, Albert PS (1988) Models for longitudinal data: a generalized estimating equation approach. Biometrics 44:1049\u20131060. doi:\n                    10.2307\/2531734","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"818_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2","volume":"52","author":"GD Zimet","year":"1988","unstructured":"Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK (1988) The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess 52:30\u201341. doi:\n                    10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00038-016-0818-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00038-016-0818-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00038-016-0818-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00038-016-0818-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T18:55:41Z","timestamp":1589655341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00038-016-0818-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,15]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00038-016-0818-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1661-8556","1661-8564"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1661-8556","type":"print"},{"value":"1661-8564","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 August 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2016","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2016","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2016","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}