{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T15:19:23Z","timestamp":1793114363796,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orofac Orthop"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-010-9926-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,4]],"date-time":"2010-02-04T09:45:45Z","timestamp":1265276745000},"page":"40-52","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["3D Soft Tissue Analysis \u2013 Part 1: Sagittal Parameters","3D-Weichteilanalyse \u2013 Teil 1: Sagittale Parameter"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Janka","family":"Kochel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Meyer-Marcotty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friederike","family":"Strnad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kochel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Stellzig-Eisenhauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"9926_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(93)70010-L","volume":"103","author":"G.W. Arnett","year":"1993","unstructured":"Arnett GW, Bergman RT. Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Part I. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1993;103:299\u2013312.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"9926_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)81791-3","volume":"103","author":"G.W. Arnett","year":"1993","unstructured":"Arnett GW, Bergman RT. Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Part II. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1993;103:395\u2013411.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"9926_CR3","unstructured":"Baier B. Die Korrelation skelettaler Variablen mit Parametern der Gesichts\u00e4sthetik \u2014 eine Querschnittstudie. Med Diss, Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, 2008."},{"key":"9926_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(67)90022-X","volume":"53","author":"C.J. Burstone","year":"1967","unstructured":"Burstone CJ. Lip posture and its significance in treatment planning. Am J Orthod 1967;53:262\u201384.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"9926_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9416(58)90178-7","volume":"44","author":"C.J. Burstone","year":"1958","unstructured":"Burstone CJ. The integumental profile. Am J Orthod 1958;44:1\u201325.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"9926_CR6","volume-title":"Statistical methods for medical and biological students","author":"G. Dahlberg","year":"1940","unstructured":"Dahlberg G. Statistical methods for medical and biological students. New York: Interscience Publications, 1940."},{"key":"9926_CR7","first-page":"191","volume":"26","author":"W.B. Downs","year":"1956","unstructured":"Downs WB. Analysis of the dentofacial profile. Angle Orthod 1956;26:191\u2013212.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"9926_CR8","volume-title":"Anthropometry of the head and face","author":"L.G. Farkas","year":"1994","unstructured":"Farkas LG. Anthropometry of the head and face. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press, 1994.","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"9926_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2001.21872","volume":"59","author":"V.F. Ferrario","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ferrario VF, Ciusa V, Tartaglia GM. The effect of sex and age on facial asymmetry in healthy subjects: a cross-sectional study from adolescence to mid-adulthood. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;59:382\u20138.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"9926_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(94)90528-2","volume":"52","author":"V.F. Ferrario","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ferrario VF, Sforza CC, Poggio CE, Tartaglia GM. Distance from symmetry: a three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994;52:1126\u201332.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"9926_CR11","first-page":"118","volume":"89","author":"M. Gruber","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gruber M, H\u00e4usler G. Simple, robust and accurate phase-measuring triangulation. Optik 1992;89:118\u201322.","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"9926_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2004.05.006","volume":"42","author":"M.Y. Hajeer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hajeer MY, Ayoub AF, Millett DT. Three-dimensional assessment of facial soft-tissue asymmetry before and after orthognathic surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;42:396\u2013404.","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"9926_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-007-0652-y","volume":"68","author":"J. Hartmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hartmann J, Meyer-Marcotty Ph, Benz M, et al. Reliability of a method for computing facial symmetry plane and degree of asymmetry based on 3D data. J Orofac Orthop 2007;68:477\u201390.","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"9926_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90273-0","volume":"78","author":"L.E. Hershon","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hershon LE, Giddon DB. Determinants of facial profile self-perception. Am J Orthod 1980;78:279\u201395.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"9926_CR15","unstructured":"Holberg C. Erfassung von Gesichtsoberfl\u00e4chen durch ein lichtcodiertes Triangulationsverfahren. Med Diss, Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, 2002."},{"key":"9926_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(83)90144-6","volume":"84","author":"R.A. Holdaway","year":"1983","unstructured":"Holdaway RA. A soft-tissue cephalometric analysis and its use in orthodontic treatment planning. Part I. Am J Orthod 1983;84:1\u201328.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"9926_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-005-0445-0","volume":"66","author":"M. H\u00f6nn","year":"2005","unstructured":"H\u00f6nn M, Diez K, Godt A, G\u00f6z, G. Perceived relative attractiveness of facial profiles with varying degrees of skeletal anomalies. J Orofac Orthop 2005;66:187\u201396.","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"9926_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-007-0604-6","volume":"68","author":"M. H\u00f6nn","year":"2007","unstructured":"H\u00f6nn M, G\u00f6z G. The ideal of facial beauty: a review. J Orofac Orthop 2007;68:6\u201316.","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"9926_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(83)90322-6","volume":"83","author":"W.J.B. Houston","year":"1983","unstructured":"Houston WJB. The analysis of error in orthodontic measurements. Am J Orthod 1983;83:382\u201390.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"9926_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1139\/I06-005","volume":"41","author":"E. Ing","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ing E, Safarpour A, Ing T, Ing S, Ocular adnexal asymmetry in models: a magazine photograph analysis. Can J Ophtalmol 2006;41:175\u201382.","journal-title":"Can J Ophtalmol"},{"key":"9926_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02169064","volume":"45","author":"D. Jung","year":"1984","unstructured":"Jung D, Schwarze CW, Tsutsumi S. Profile and skeletal analyses \u2014 a comparison of different assessment procedures. Fortschr Kieferorthop 1984;45:304\u201323.","journal-title":"Fortschr Kieferorthop"},{"key":"9926_CR22","unstructured":"Karbacher S. Rekonstruktion und Modellierung von Fl\u00e4chen aus Tiefenbildern. Diss, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 1997."},{"key":"9926_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.01.037","volume":"134","author":"C.H. Kau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kau CH, Richmond S. Three-dimensional analysis of facial morphology surface changes in untreated children from 12\u201314 years of age. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthopedics 2008;134:751\u201360.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthopedics"},{"key":"9926_CR24","first-page":"125","volume":"14","author":"D. Kitay","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kitay D, BeGole EA, Evans CA, Giddon DB. Computer-animated comparison of self-perception with actual profiles of orthodontic and nonorthodontic subjects. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg 1999;14:125\u201334.","journal-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg"},{"key":"9926_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.04.017","volume":"130","author":"V.O. Kokich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kokich VO, Kokich VG, Kiyak HA. Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations. Am J Othod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;130:141\u201351.","journal-title":"Am J Othod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"9926_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(78)90225-7","volume":"73","author":"P.A. Lines","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lines PA, Lines RR, Lines CA. Profilemetrics and facial esthetics. Am J Orthod 1978;73:648\u201357.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"9926_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(66)90250-8","volume":"52","author":"L. Merrifield","year":"1966","unstructured":"Merrifield L. The profile line as an aid in critically evaluating facial esthetics. Am J Orthod 1966;52:804\u201322.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"9926_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer-Marcotty P, Alpers GW, Gerdes ABM, Stellzig-Eisenhauer A. The impact of facial asymmetry in visual perception: a 3D data analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop; in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.11.023"},{"key":"9926_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.09.027","volume":"130","author":"F.B. Naini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Naini FB, Moss JP, Gill DS. The enigma of facial beauty: esthetics, proportions, deformity, and controversy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;130:277\u201382.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"9926_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-008-0094-8","volume":"12","author":"E. Nkenke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nkenke E, Vairaktaris E, Kramer M, et al. Three-dimensional analysis of changes of the malar-midfacial region after LeFort I osteotomy and maxillary advancement. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;12:5\u201312.","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"9926_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199909020-00006","volume":"104","author":"K.F. O\u2019Grady","year":"1999","unstructured":"O\u2019Grady KF, Antonyshyn OM. Facial asymmetry: three-dimensional analysis using laser surface scanning. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999;104:928\u201337.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"9926_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02163219","volume":"38","author":"G. Panagiotidis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Panagiotidis G, Witt E. Der individualisierte ANB-Winkel. Fortschr Kieferorthop 1977; 38:408\u201316.","journal-title":"Fortschr Kieferorthop"},{"key":"9926_CR33","first-page":"284","volume":"40","author":"H. Peck","year":"1970","unstructured":"Peck H, Peck S. A concept of facial esthetics. Angle Orthod 1970;40:284\u2013318.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"9926_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2008.12.009","volume":"38","author":"J.M. Plooij","year":"2009","unstructured":"Plooij JM, Swennen GR, Rangel FA, et al. Evaluation of reproducibility and reliability of 3D soft tissue analysis using 3D stereophotogrammetry. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;38:267\u201373.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"key":"9926_CR35","volume-title":"Proportions of the aesthetic face","author":"N. Powel","year":"1984","unstructured":"Powel N, Humphreys B. Proportions of the aesthetic face. New York: Thieme-Stratton Inc, 1984."},{"key":"9926_CR36","volume-title":"Farbatlanten der Zahnmedizin","author":"T. Rakosi","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rakosi T, Jonas I. Kieferorthop\u00e4die, Diagnostik. Farbatlanten der Zahnmedizin. Bd 8. Stuttgart: Thieme, 1989."},{"key":"9926_CR37","volume-title":"Atlas und Anleitung zur praktischen Fernr\u00f6ntgenanalyse","author":"T. Rakosi","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rakosi T. Atlas und Anleitung zur praktischen Fernr\u00f6ntgenanalyse. M\u00fcnchen: Hanser Fachbuch, 1988."},{"key":"9926_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-5712(95)00081-X","volume":"24","author":"F. Ras","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ras F, Habets LL, Van Ginkel FC, Prahl-Andersen B. Quantification of facial morphology using stereophotogrammetry \u2014 demonstration of a new concept. J Dent 1996;24:369\u201374.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"9926_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9416(68)90278-9","volume":"54","author":"R.M. Ricketts","year":"1968","unstructured":"Ricketts RM. Esthetics, environment and the law of lip relation. Am J Orthod 1968;54:272\u201389.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"9926_CR40","series-title":"Monograph 20, Craniofacial Growth Series","volume-title":"Craniofacial growth during adolescence","author":"M.L. Riolo","year":"1987","unstructured":"Riolo ML, Moyers RE, TenHave TR, Mayers CA. Facial soft tissue changes during adolescence. In: Carlson DS, Ribbens KA, eds. Craniofacial growth during adolescence. Monograph 20, Craniofacial Growth Series. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Human Growth and Development; University of Michigan, 1987."},{"key":"9926_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1179\/bjo.15.2.105","volume":"15","author":"P.J. Sandler","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sandler PJ. Reproducibility of cephalometric measurements. Br J Orthod 1988;15:105\u201310.","journal-title":"Br J Orthod"},{"key":"9926_CR42","volume-title":"Die R\u00f6ntgenostatik","author":"A.M. Schwarz","year":"1958","unstructured":"Schwarz AM. Die R\u00f6ntgenostatik; M\u00fcnchen-Wien-Baltimore: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1958."},{"key":"9926_CR43","first-page":"268","volume":"8","author":"C. Sforza","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sforza C, Laino A, D\u2019Alessio R, et al. Three-dimensional facial morphometry of attractive adolescent boys and girls. Prog Orthod 2007;8:268\u201381.","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"9926_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-008-0746-1","volume":"69","author":"I. Stauber","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stauber I, Vairaktaris E, Holst A, et al. Three-dimensional analysis of facial symmetry in cleft lip and palate patients using optical surface data. J Orofac Orthop 2008;69:268\u201382.","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"9926_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(55)90156-1","volume":"4","author":"M.M. Stoner","year":"1955","unstructured":"Stoner MM. A photometric analysis of the facial profile. A method of assessing facial change induced by orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod 1955;4:453\u201369.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"9926_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(59)90014-4","volume":"45","author":"J.D. Subtelny","year":"1959","unstructured":"Subtelny JD. A longitudinal study of soft tissue facial structures and their profile characteristics defined in relation to underlying skeletal structures. Am J Orthod 1959;45:453\u2013507.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"9926_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200603000-00019","volume":"17","author":"G.R.J. Swennen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Swennen GRJ, Schutyser F, Barth E, et al. A new method of 3D Cephalometry Part I: The anatomic Cartesian 3D reference system. J Craniofac Surg 2006;17:314\u201325.","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"9926_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)81161-0","volume":"34","author":"G.R.J. Swennen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Swennen GRJ, Schutyser F, Lemaitre A, et al. Accuracy and reliability of 3D CT versus 3D stereo photogrammetry based facial soft tissue analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005:34:73.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"9926_CR49","unstructured":"Veit K. Verringerung systematischer Messfehler bei der phasenmessenden Triangulation. Diss, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 2003."}],"container-title":["Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics \/ Fortschritte der Kieferorthop\u00e4die"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00056-010-9926-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00056-010-9926-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00056-010-9926-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T15:47:20Z","timestamp":1558540040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00056-010-9926-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["9926"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00056-010-9926-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-5293","1615-6714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-5293","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-6714","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}}}