{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:05:53Z","timestamp":1789167953451,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586131200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Rostock"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orofac Orthop"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The aim of this study was to analyze dental and soft tissue profile development in children with normal occlusions  to establish age- and gender-specific reference intervals for German children during their active growth period.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Subjects and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study group consisted of a\u00a0sample of 31  untreated Caucasian subjects with normal occlusions. Dental casts were analyzed at four different stages of dentitional development. Extraoral profile photographs were available for 19\u00a0subjects at stages T2\u2013T4. In these subjects 11\u00a0angular measurements and 14\u00a0indices were analyzed. Statistical comparisons of gender-specific differences were performed by Mann\u2013Whitney\u00a0U tests (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f\u2264\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Upper and lower posterior and total arch perimeters were recorded to be significantly larger in male subjects until the late mixed dentition. Subsequently, there was a\u00a0tendency toward larger dimensions in males for those parameters. Upper and lower intercanine, interpremolar and intermolar widths were significantly larger in males throughout the entire observation period. There were no statistically significant gender differences with regard to most angular measurements in the dental arches, including molar rotation, palatal volume, overbite, overjet and molar relationship at later dental stages.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In untreated subjects with normal occlusion, dental arch and soft tissue parameters can be considered age-dependent. For some dental parameters, gender-specific differences were found that should be taken into consideration during diagnosis and treatment planning of growing children. The obtained longitudinal data of untreated children provide useful information for orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and future research projects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-020-00221-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T17:02:38Z","timestamp":1586192558000},"page":"192-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Longitudinal changes in the dental arches and soft tissue profile of untreated subjects with normal occlusion","L\u00e4ngsschnittver\u00e4nderungen in den Zahnb\u00f6gen und im Weichteilprofil bei unbehandelten Probanden mit normaler Okklusion"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Stern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Finke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlon","family":"Strosinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Mueller-Hagedorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franka","family":"Stahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"221_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjm116","volume":"30","author":"S Ani\u0107-Milo\u0161evi\u0107","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ani\u0107-Milo\u0161evi\u0107\u00a0S, Lapter-Varga\u00a0M, \u0160laj\u00a0M (2008) Analysis of the soft tissue facial profile by means of angular measurements. 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