{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T07:57:00Z","timestamp":1767772620961},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinik M\u00fcnchen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orofac Orthop"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The amount of apical root resorption when using the torque-segmented archwire (TSA) was investigated as well as the extent and direction of the therapeutically indicated apical movement and the treatment duration.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The degree of apical root resorption in 18\u00a0randomly chosen  Class\u00a0II and Class\u00a0I patients treated with the TSA, as well as in 18\u00a0conventionally treated patients were evaluated using pre- and posttreatment panoramic radiographs. The sagittal and vertical apical movements and inclination changes were determined based on pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms. Nonparametric tests were applied to test between treatment groups and steps. The Mann\u2013Whitney\u00a0U test, Kruskal\u2013Wallis, Pearson correlation and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were applied for statistical analysis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The incidence of root resorptions was 89\u201394.4% in low or moderate level. The relative root\u2013crown ratio (rRCR) was not statistically different between the TSA and control groups except tooth\u00a012. The axis of the incisors in the TSA group was significantly improved. The main direction of movement of the apices of the central incisors was retrusion and extrusion. No interdependence between the amount of resorption and the parameters of treatment duration, extent and direction of apical movement were found.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results of the study showed that the amount of apical root resorption with the TSA is slight to moderate and can be compared to conventional orthodontic treatment. The TSA is hence a\u00a0suitable method for applying targeted torques to the incisors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-020-00244-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T22:02:48Z","timestamp":1598997768000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Stainless steel and NiTi torque archwires and apical root resorption"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Wichelhaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Dulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisham","family":"Sabbagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Baumert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Stocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"244_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(1999)069<0159:cvdfaa>2.3.co;2","volume":"69","author":"A Acar","year":"1999","unstructured":"Acar\u00a0A, Canyurek\u00a0U, Kocaaga\u00a0M, Erverdi\u00a0N (1999) Continuous vs. discontinuous force application and root resorption. 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